SRPN: Biofuels (Topic)最新文献

Bioelectricity in Malaysia: Economic Feasibility, Environmental and Deforestation Implications 马来西亚的生物电:经济可行性、环境和毁林影响

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3359465

K. Szulczyk, Muhammad A. Cheema, R. Cullen, A. Khan

{"title":"Bioelectricity in Malaysia: Economic Feasibility, Environmental and Deforestation Implications","authors":"K. Szulczyk, Muhammad A. Cheema, R. Cullen, A. Khan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3359465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3359465","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the economic feasibility of bioelectricity production from biomass in Malaysia and its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and storage, agricultural prices, agricultural employment and deforestation. For this purpose, we develop a partial equilibrium model that projects agricultural prices, production, imports, exports, domestic consumption and land use in 5‐year increments between 2015 and 2065. Our results show that by 2030 biomass‐generated electricity can supply 36.5 per cent of the electricity generated in Malaysia, 16 times more than the 2016 electricity supply from biomass. Increased bioelectricity production from biomass will significantly reduce GHG emissions and will help Malaysia meet its commitment in the Paris Agreement to mitigate GHG emission by 45 per cent before 2030. Our modelling shows that biomass‐generated electricity creates a derived demand for waste biomass that expands the area of oil palm plantations. The expansion lowers agricultural prices, boosts agricultural employment and leads to some deforestation as landowners clear rainforest to plant oil palm trees. Nonetheless, the deforestation does not increase GHG emissions since GHG gains from bioelectricity significantly exceed GHG losses from deforestation.","PeriodicalId":320530,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biofuels (Topic)","volume":"233 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Subsidize Farmers or the Bioenergy Producer? The Design of a Government Subsidy Program for a Bioenergy Supply Chain 补贴农民还是生物能源生产商?生物能源供应链的政府补贴方案设计

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3344970

Fei Ye, Zigong Cai, Ying‐ju Chen, Yina Li, G. Hou

{"title":"Subsidize Farmers or the Bioenergy Producer? The Design of a Government Subsidy Program for a Bioenergy Supply Chain","authors":"Fei Ye, Zigong Cai, Ying‐ju Chen, Yina Li, G. Hou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3344970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3344970","url":null,"abstract":"The success of the bioenergy industry will depend, in part, on enough feedstock being grown. To increase the reliability of the supply of bioenergy, a government can offer two types of subsidy program: a farmer subsidy program (FSP) and a bioenergy producer subsidy program (PSP). We develop models to analyze the optimal subsidy program by capturing the strategic interactions between the government, the bioenergy producer, and farmers. The models incorporate the government’s subsidy budget constraint, the environmental benefits from the use of bioenergy, the farmer’s risk aversion and land capacity constraint, as well as the random yield of the feedstock. The findings reveal that both FSP and PSP are effective as long as the farmers’ land capacity exceeds a threshold. If both the government’s subsidy budget and land capacity are sufficiently large, PSP outperforms FSP; if only the subsidy budget is limited, FSP is better; if only land capacity is limited, FSP and PSP are equivalent. Counterintuitively, we find that PSP always benefits farmers more, while FSP can benefit the bioenergy producer more in some scenarios. Also, we find that FSP can better mitigate risk than PSP when the yield uncertainty is high. Lastly, insights for policy makers to promote bioenergy development are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":320530,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biofuels (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Technical Greenhouse-Gas Mitigation Potentials of Biochar Soil Incorporation in Germany 德国生物炭土壤技术温室气体减排潜力

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2487765

I. Teichmann

引用次数: 7

The Power of Biomass: Experts Disclose the Potential for Success of Bioenergy Technologies 生物质能的力量:专家揭示生物能源技术成功的潜力

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2233964

G. Fiorese, M. Catenacci, V. Bosetti, Elena Verdolini

引用次数: 44

Biofuels Policy in Europe Under the Directive 2003/30: An Analysis of Goals, Hindrances, Instruments and Effects 2003/30指令下的欧洲生物燃料政策:目标、障碍、工具和效果分析

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-05-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1618317

A. Ninni, Pietro Lanzini

{"title":"Biofuels Policy in Europe Under the Directive 2003/30: An Analysis of Goals, Hindrances, Instruments and Effects","authors":"A. Ninni, Pietro Lanzini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1618317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1618317","url":null,"abstract":"Up to 2008/2009, biofuels were considered one of the best alternatives to oil consumption in a captive market like transports, being one of the pillars of the 20-20-20 initiative in Europe. Improvement of security of supply through partial substitution of imported oil; reduction of GHGs emissions; improvement of income and employment in the agricultural and rural sectors were the main drivers of the promotion of biofuels in Europe, as well as in the United States and in Brazil. In the European Union biofuels policy was supported through Directive 2003/30. However its effects proved to be disappointing: the consumption of biofuels was expected by the Directive to account for 5.75% share of road fuels in 2010 in the European MSs, but it came early clear that such a target could not be met. Above all, consensus about biofuels decreased sharply when their ability to strongly decrease overall GHGs emissions was questioned, and when they were blamed of being the main responsible of the 2007-2008 food price increase. Finally, a new Directive was approved on April 23rd, 2009, including the request of various certifications to prove the sustainability of biofuels. The paper deals deeply with the biofuel experience in Europe, providing a general analysis of the 2003/30 Directive. It includes an evaluation of the difficulties met in satisfying the requested targets, an assessment of the MSs policies to support biofuels, and a discussion about the main features of the (failed) birth of a new industry.","PeriodicalId":320530,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biofuels (Topic)","volume":"26 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123639068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Identifying Supply and Demand Elasticities of Agricultural Commodities: Implications for the Us Ethanol Mandate 确定农产品的供需弹性:对美国乙醇授权的影响

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.103.6.2265

M. Roberts, W. Schlenker

{"title":"Identifying Supply and Demand Elasticities of Agricultural Commodities: Implications for the Us Ethanol Mandate","authors":"M. Roberts, W. Schlenker","doi":"10.1257/AER.103.6.2265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.103.6.2265","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new framework to identify demand and supply elasticities of agricultural commodities using yield shocks - deviations from a time trend of output per area, which are predominantly caused by weather fluctuations. Demand is identified using current-period shocks that give rise to exogenous shifts in supply. Supply is identified using past shocks, which affect expected future prices through inventory accretion or depletion. We use our estimated elasticities to evaluate the impact of ethanol subsidies and mandates on world food commodity prices, quantities, and food consumers' surplus. The current US ethanol mandate requires that about 5 percent of world caloric production from corn, wheat, rice, and soybeans be used for ethanol generation. As a result, world food prices are predicted to increase by about 30 percent and global consumer surplus from food consumption is predicted to decrease by 155 billion dollars annually. If a third of the biofuel calories are recycled as feed stock for livestock, the predicted price increase scales back to 20 percent. While commodity demand is extremely inelastic, price response is muted by a significant supply response that is obscured if futures prices are not instrumented. The resulting expansion of agricultural growing area potentially offsets the CO2 emission benefits from biofuels.","PeriodicalId":320530,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biofuels (Topic)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116054678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 427

Review of Integrated Ecological-Economic Analyses for Bioenergy Plants Under Climate Change at Local Scale 气候变化局部尺度下生物能源植物生态经济综合分析综述

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2777987

Trung-Thanh Nguyen, J. Tenhunen

引用次数: 4

Innovative Plant for the Production of Microalgaes 生产微藻的创新工厂

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.38177/ajast.2020.4318

Farné Stefano

{"title":"Innovative Plant for the Production of Microalgaes","authors":"Farné Stefano","doi":"10.38177/ajast.2020.4318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2020.4318","url":null,"abstract":"It is strongly felt the need to replace fossil fuels with other renewable and more compatible with the environment. The spinneret of algal crops is producing different solutions (\"open ponds\", tubular, bioreactors in greenhouses, etc.). The aim is to obtain concentrations of dry substance such as to justify the high costs of extraction. Another limitation suffered by the actual plants, derives from the choice to move the algal mass (process characterized by a high energy consumption), with actions necessary to keep it in suspension as well as to move it, to exchange its positioning in order to bring it to be conditioned by the light (exhausting its effectiveness after the first 0.2-0.3 m of algal mass depth, or even less if thicker and when it would need more light for its exponential growth). In particular, it is not possible to bring a specific radiation spectrum, in a pervasive and deep way, with a drastic cost reduction for the mechanical movement of the culture medium. A limitation derives also from the possibility of biological and chemical contamination from the environment, because the algal mass is in a large contact with the environment itself (e.g. the \"open ponds\" situations) and it is heavily exposed to the prevalent thermal cycles (often not suitable to the processes of growth) inside it. Some problems are often encountered even in the phase of collection and selection of the algal mass to be forwarded to the following processes, that proceeds through the massive processing of large volumes (by filtration and concentration) that, due to previous limitations (contamination and uncertain conditions of growth), remain at low concentrations. The purpose of this article is to present the PBRC (Photo Bio Reactor Continuous) plant, subject of an Italian patent, for the cultivation of microalgae, from which to extract an oleic fraction, which can be destined for production of biofuels, and a protein fraction, which can be destined for use in the chemical, agri-food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.","PeriodicalId":320530,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biofuels (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132538408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Torn between Regional Supply and Globalisation: Austria's Primary Biomass Footprint for Energy in Comparison to Food and Material 在区域供应和全球化之间的撕裂:奥地利的主要生物质能源足迹与食品和材料的比较

SRPN: Biofuels (Topic) Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3706649

Gerald Kalt, L. Kaufmann, Kastner Thomas, F. Krausmann

{"title":"Torn between Regional Supply and Globalisation: Austria's Primary Biomass Footprint for Energy in Comparison to Food and Material","authors":"Gerald Kalt, L. Kaufmann, Kastner Thomas, F. Krausmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3706649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3706649","url":null,"abstract":"Global biomass trade for energy has risen sharply in recent decades, especially with regard to refined biofuels. This development was accompanied by increasing concerns about adverse environmental impacts in exporting countries. Criticism of the EU’s bioenergy policies is often connected to international trade, for example controversies surrounding direct and indirect land-use change, or regarding the carbon balance of wood pellets being imported as substitute for coal. In Austria, there is strong public support for bioenergy from domestic sources, while biomass imports are met with scepticism. Such preference for regional supply is also prevalent for food and biomass for material, where consumers tend to consider high degrees of national self-sufficiency as an indication that domestic supply predominates. We here investigate where biomass products and biofuels consumed in Austria actually originate from, and whether the import share of Austria’s bioenergy sector significantly differs from that of nutrition and material applications. We determine the source countries of primary biomass utilized for energy, food and material based on material flow analyses, process chain modelling and algorithms tracing imported biomass to original source regions. We find that globalized supply chains undermine efforts for regional supply regardless of the type of use. Still, biomass consumed for energy as well as food and material primarily originates from Austria and its neighbouring countries. Certain bioenergy carriers have relatively large primary biomass footprints in more distant countries and overseas (mainly oil crop-based biofuels) but overall, biomass for energy is more regional than food and material products.","PeriodicalId":320530,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biofuels (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132015652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0