Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics最新文献

{"title":"Correlation of hepatobiliary ultrasound findings with CD4+ count and viral load in adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in South-East Nigeria","authors":"Kanayo Obieje, U. Ebubedike","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_12_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_12_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to a cytopathic retrovirus that cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) over time. Due to the suppression of the immune system by this retrovirus, many disease processes may occur. Abdominal ultrasonography is a cost-effective, safe, accessible, and noninvasive means of demonstrating the hepatobiliary manifestations of HIV/AIDS. CD4+ count and viral load are the two important markers. Objective: This study aims at correlating the hepatobiliary ultrasound findings with CD4+ count and viral load in adult patients with HIV/AIDS in South East, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a 12-month cross-sectional study of 210 adult patients with HIV/AIDS, carried out from January 2020 to December 2021 in South East, Nigeria. Each patient's abdomen was scanned using 2.5–5 MHz curvilinear on an “ALOKA” ultrasound machine. The viral load and CD4+ count results were collected from the patient's folders at the Medical Records Department. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS, version 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA, 2011). Results: A total of 210 patients with HIV/AIDS who had a mean age of 39.1 ± 10.9 years, were recruited into this study. Patients with severe CD4+ class and high viral load had the highest proportion of abnormal hepatobiliary findings (28.6% and 25.7%, respectively). Hepatomegaly, hyperechoic liver, coarse parenchyma, ascites, gallbladder abnormalities, and lymphadenopathy were the common ultrasound findings, some of which showed statistically significant correlation with CD4+ count and viral load. Conclusion: Many of the hepatobiliary ultrasound findings showed statistically significant correlation with CD4+ count and viral load.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116923725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commissioning and performance evaluation of varian truebeam linear accelerator","authors":"Bidisha Dutta, Shrutisikha Goswami, Sushmita Moran, Phulkumari Talukdar","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to present a report on the commissioning results of the Varian TrueBeam machine with available photon energies so that it can benefit medical physicists during the entire commissioning process. Subjects and Methods: All tests were performed as per the recommendation of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. The beam profiles and percentage depth dose of both photon and electron beams were measured with Sun nuclear Radiation Field Analyzer and 0.125 cc ionization chamber. Output accuracy and consistency of photon and electron beams were measured using 0.6 cc cylindrical ionization chamber and 0.350 cc parallel plate ionization chamber, respectively. To measure the congruency of radiation and optical field and isocenter check with respect to gantry, collimator, and couch, self-developed films were used. Results: Isocenter shift due to gantry, collimator, and couch, rotation was found to be within ± 2-mm diameter circle. Congruency of optical and radiation fields was measured for symmetric fields 5 cm × 5 cm, 10 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, and 30 cm × 30 cm for all available energy and was within ± 2 mm. Dosimetric leaf gap value for the multi-leaf collimator was measured with 0.125 cc ionization chamber and values are −0.853 mm, −1.106 mm, −1.097 mm, −0.765 mm, and −1.005 mm for energies 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV, 6 flattening filter free (FFF), and 10 FFF, respectively. Conclusions: All electrical, mechanical, dosimetric, and safety measurement were found to be within permissible limits. Before clinical use, the beam data are crosschecked with point dosimetry, portal dosimetry, and MapCHECK two-dimensional detector array and results are within tolerance.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116029126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute abdomen in pregnancy: Ovarian torsion diagnosed as hemorrhagic cyst on ultrasonography","authors":"I. Aliyu, Nafisa Bello, H. Umar-Sulayman, D. Suleiman, Halima Muhammad, H. Umar","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_7_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_7_22","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian torsion is not uncommon in pregnancy and presents as one of the causes of acute abdomen in pregnancy. It is more common in the 1st and the early 2nd trimesters but uncommon in the late 2nd and 3rd trimesters. An hemorrhagic cyst has been described as a predisposing factor, and even an imitator of ovarian torsion with ultrasonography been the imaging modality of first choice in its evaluation. The index case is an unusual presentation at the late 2nd trimester gestation, for which ultrasonography revealed a hemorrhagic cyst with normal Doppler findings. However, intraoperative findings were that of an adnexal torsion with infarction warranting salpingo-oophorectomy. Therefore, ultrasonographic findings of hemorrhagic ovarian cyst and relatively normal adnexal Doppler in a pregnant patient with clinical presentation of acute abdomen could highly be suggestive of ovarian torsion, necessitating urgent surgical evaluation and intervention to prevent adnexal infarction.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127873107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between dose homogeneity index and target volume in intracavitary brachytherapy treatment plans of cervical cancer patients","authors":"Gurpreet Kaur, V. Dangwal, Garima Gaur, R. Grover, M. Kang, Sheetal, Simrandeep Singh, P. Garg","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim is to calculate and correlate dose homogeneity index (DHI) with the target volume of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) plans for cervical cancer patients. Introduction: In the case of brachytherapy, the dose distribution is heterogeneous as a very high radiation dose gradient is there in the vicinity of the radiation source. To assess the treatment plans, one of the objective tools is DHI which can give a choice for making a favorable plan with maximum homogeneous coverage of tumor and protects normal tissues at the same time. In this study, DHI was calculated and correlated with clinical target volume. Materials and Methods: Forty-five treatment plans of ICBT of cervical cancer patients were generated. DHI was calculated for all these treatment plans. These treatment plans were divided into six groups according to the volume of clinical targets, and data were analyzed to find out the correlation between DHI and clinical target volume. Results: The minimum, maximum, and mean values of DHI for all the treatment plans were 0.0045, 0.4998, and 0.2389, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of DHI was seen for clinical target volume of 19.99 cc and 37.32 cc, respectively. The volume of the clinical target varied from 15.41 cc to 44.32 cc, with an average value of 30.5 cc. Discussion: The lowest value of DHI was seen in the group having the lowest clinical target volume and the highest DHI was seen in the group having the largest clinical target volume. These observations suggest that homogeneity was worsening as the volume of tumor increases. Conclusion: DHI may be a good indicator to assess the quality of treatment plan during the planning.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128616376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early experience of high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer in Nigeria","authors":"A. Abdus-salam, A. Takure, B. Akinlade, O. Idowu, S. Folorunso, Adeniyi Olabu muyi, M. Jimoh, Folasire Ayorinde, A. Ntekim, Adebayo Oladeji, E. Oyekunle, F. Sarimiye, Babatunde Ogunnorin, A. Adenipekun","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_24_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_24_21","url":null,"abstract":"Before now, brachytherapy in public hospitals in Nigeria has focused almost exclusively on treating gynecological tumors, especially cervical cancer. Three years ago, the Federal Government procured brachytherapy equipment for six hospitals in Nigeria, including the University College Hospital, Ibadan. In this article, we present our experience as Nigerian pioneers using high-dose-rate brachytherapy modality for prostate cancer treatment, including challenges (being) encountered and recommendations for other centers planning to start this service in the country and beyond.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125813511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of cervical length measurement on transvaginal ultrasonography in determination of preterm delivery in a Nigerian South Western Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Voke Olaniyan, J. Akinmoladun, Ifeoluwasemilojo Aina, A. Adeyinka","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_5_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_5_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There has been an upsurge in the prevalence of preterm delivery globally and short cervix has been strongly associated with it. However, studies have shown that when it is detected early in mid-second trimester, preventive measures could be taken to forestall pregnancy loss. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who presented for mid-trimester anomaly ultrasound scan between 18 and 24 weeks at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. The cervical length was measured with ultrasound machine through the transvaginal route and the patients were subsequently followed up till delivery. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven pregnant women with an age range between 21 and 44 years were recruited for the study. The incidence rate of mid-pregnancy short cervical length among the patients was 7.9%. The preterm delivery rate was 14.1%, and the association between it and short cervical length was statistically significant. The positive predictive value for preterm delivery when the <2.5 cm cervical length cut-off was used was 44%, the negative predictive value was 97.3%. Conclusion: The incidence of preterm delivery due to ultrasonographically detected short cervical length was significant among the women attending antenatal clinic in UCH, and there was a significant association with some of the risk factors such as previous preterm delivery and previous preterm premature rupture of membranes.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"32 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129620600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the specificity of uniparametric low-field magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer assessment in resource-limited settings","authors":"I. C Chibuzo, A. Smart, A. Takure, B. Osobu, J. Rimande, G. Ogbole","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_9_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_9_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to infrastructural and financial constraints, public institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use low-field magnetic resonance imaging (LFMRI) systems, which limits the possibility for global guideline conformity. Nonetheless, existing systems are being used to broaden the scope of prostate cancer (PCa) imaging assessment and disease characterization. Because LMICs have a dearth of subspecialty radiologists, general radiologists would need more exposure to meet the growing needs of the subspecialties, conform to universal best practice, and improve clinical outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI reports for PCa evaluation generated by general radiologists at a tertiary hospital on a LFMRI (<0.5T) system. Methods: An assessment tool (”LFMRI”) was developed, based on PIRADS criteria, to evaluate prostate MRI reports of images generated from a LFMRI. Two independent observers (urologist and radiologist) rated the reports. Another general radiologist used the tool to generate new reports from the same images. These reports were reassessed by the same raters. The average assigned scores were categorized as poor (0–4), fair (5–8), or good (9–12). Results: Six of seven (85.7%) reviewed reports were poor with only one (14.7%) providing useful information for clinical decision. Inter-rater reliability was moderate (48.3%). The revised reports revealed additional clinically useful information in all cases and a mean total score improvement of 7.3 (0.69). Inter-rater reliability improved to 78.7%95% confidence interval, CI (0.5, 1.0), P < 0.0001. Conclusion: The images generated from LFMRI in resource-constrained settings may provide requisite information for PCa evaluation. A simple tool (LFMRI) can guide general radiologists in making useful and enhanced clinical decisions based on LFMRI reports.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130588432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-mode ultrasound assessment of carotid intima–media thickness among adult diabetics and normal adults in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"Ibrahim Mohammed, M. Dahiru, H. Umar, U. Aminu, T. Suleiman, P. Ibinaiye, MC Dahiru Aminu, Yusuf Hadiza","doi":"10.4103/JRMT.JRMT_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JRMT.JRMT_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) has been established as an early predictor of general arteriosclerosis in patients with diabetes. However, there is a paucity of information on CIMT of the common carotid artery (CCA) in healthy patients and in patients with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as diabetics, hypertension, and obesity in our environment. The aim of this study was to compare the CIMT in adult patients with diabetes and normal subjects in our institution in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted over a period of 8 months (from April 2015 to December 2015) at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, on 105 adult diabetic patients and 105 normal adults aged 18 years and above. The CCA was scanned with a PHILIPS HD-9 ultrasound scanner equipped with Doppler facility using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. Three measurements of the CIMT were obtained at 1 cm proximal to the right and left carotid bulbs and the mean value of the measurements was recorded. Results: The age range of the diabetics comprising 54% of males and 46% of females was 23–79 years, while the range of control group comprising of 53% of males and 47% of females was 18–68 years. The overall mean CIMT (MCIMT) was 0.97 ± 0.4 mm and 0.73 ± 0.1 mm for diabetics and nondiabetic subjects, respectively. MCIMT was significantly higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.000). In diabetics, overall MCIMT values were 0.96 ± 0.2 mm and 0.91 ± 0.2 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two sides (P = 0.000), while in the normal group, the overall MCIMT values on the right and left sides were 0.75 ± 0.1 mm and 0.73 ± 0.1 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two sides (P = 0.021). Furthermore, CIMT correlated positively with age in both diabetic and control groups. Conclusion: This study has shown a statistically significant increase in CIMT in diabetics compared to nondiabetics and age shows a significant correlation with CIMT. Reference value for CIMT in nondiabetic subjects in Northeastern Nigeria has been obtained.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"181 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120870528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of ultrasonographic portal venous index in the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"KofoO Soyebi, Ajibola Agboola, G. Oyeleke","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of image quality of plain abdominal radiographs at a northwestern Nigeria tertiary hospital","authors":"S. Lawal, H. Musa, Aliyu Galadima, AbubakarG Mathew, AliyuSadiya Musa, HalimatShadiat A. Umar, Chibuike Onyesoh","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_4_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_4_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126102233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}