International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)最新文献

{"title":"Intravaginal probiotics before embryo transfer do not improve pregnancy rates in recurrent implantation failure cases: An RCT","authors":"Mina Naghi Jafarabadi, Farnaz Hadavi, Maedeh Ahmadi, Masoumeh Masoumi, Sara Zabihzadeh","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16435","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the considerable influence of the vaginal microbiome on endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation, we hypothesized that cases of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) might benefit from the intravaginal probiotic administration. \u0000Objective: Evaluation of the effects of intravaginal probiotic administration before frozen embryo transfer (FET) on the rates of pregnancy and the status of vaginal lactobacillary flora in cases of RIF. \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial conducted at an infertility clinic in Tehran, Iran between January 2021 and September 2022. A total of 166 reproductive-aged women with a history of unexplained RIF were randomly assigned to either the probiotic group or the control group (n = 83/each group). The probiotic group received intravaginal probiotics (LactoVag ®) daily for 2 wk from the second day of the menstrual cycle along with the routine treatment of FET. The control group received only the routine treatment of FET. The primary outcome was the chemical pregnancy rate, and the secondary outcomes were the clinical pregnancy rate and the status of vaginal lactobacillary flora. \u0000Results: A total of 163 participants were included in the final analysis. The probiotic group had a slightly higher chemical pregnancy rate than the control group (39.02% vs. 33.33%), but the difference was not statistically significant (risk ratio: 1.71, 95% CI: 0.77–1.76; p = 0.449). The clinical pregnancy rate was also non-significantly higher in the probiotic group than the control group (37.80% vs. 33.33%; RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.76–1.74; p = 0.623). \u0000Conclusion: Intravaginal probiotic administration did not significantly improve the pregnancy rates in RIF cases undergoing FET. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal dose, duration, and timing of probiotic administration, as well as the mechanisms of action and the potential adverse effects of probiotics on the vaginal microbiome and the implantation process. \u0000Key words: Assisted reproductive technique, Probiotics, Microbiota, Pregnancy rate","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tubal ectopic molar pregnancy: A case report","authors":"Mojgan Hajisafari Tafti, Sajad Zare Garizi, Fatemeh Mazidi","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16441","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ectopic molar pregnancy (EMP) is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease that occurs when a hydatidiform mole implants outside the uterus. \u0000Case Presentation: We describe a 35-yr-old woman with mild abdominal pain, delayed menstruation for 2 months, and high beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Sonography revealed a heterogeneous hyperechoic mass in the left adnexa and fluid in the endometrial cavity, suggestive of a tubal EMP. She underwent endometrial curettage and left salpingectomy. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of invasive hydatidiform mole/left tubal EMP. The case recovered well and had no complications. \u0000Conclusion: This case highlights the need for early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of EMP to avoid serious consequences from persistent trophoblastic tumors. \u0000Key words: Ectopic molar pregnancy, Ectopic pregnancy, Hydatidiform mole.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"28 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of antenatal betamethasone on fetal cardiovascular and circulation status: A quasi-experimental observational (before-after) study","authors":"S. Hantoushzadeh, Amir Amiri, Azadeh Shabani, Yasamin Soufi Enayati, Neda Mostafaeipour, Seyedeh Houra Mousavi Vahed, Maria Nezamnia, Toktam Sheykhian","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16436","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The administration of antenatal corticosteroid is a standard treatment to reduce the rate of perinatal mortality and morbidity; however, there is limited evidence regarding the potential effects of betamethasone on the constriction of the ductus arteriosus (DA). \u0000Objective: This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of antenatal betamethasone on fetal cardiovascular and circulation status. \u0000Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental observational (before-after) study was conducted on 32 singleton fetuses. The participants were healthy pregnant women with a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum who were eligible for 2 doses of betamethasone and referred to prenatal care clinic, Vali-E-Asr hospital; Tehran, Iran from January 2021-May 2022. The results of fetal echocardiography and Doppler sonography were compared before and after the administration of antenatal corticosteroid therapy. \u0000Results: Following betamethasone injection, significant increases were observed in peak systolic and diastolic velocity of the DA without constriction of the DA (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 respectively). However, no significant changes were observed in right ventricular function, tricuspid valve function, Doppler of ductus venous, and peak systolic velocity of the aortic isthmus (p > 0.05). Doppler examination of the uterine, umbilical, and middle cerebral arteries also showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Considering the benefits of antenatal corticosteroid therapy, its administration seems reasonable in preterm births. The transient changes in ductal blood flow are not prohibitive. \u0000Key words: Betamethasone, Premature birth, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Echocardiography, Fetus.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new look at the theoretical causes of endometriosis: Narrative review","authors":"Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16433","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is a major health concern in women who have it. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure except panhysterectomy with its sequelae including induction of premature menopause due to loss of ovaries. Therefore, revealing the causes of this puzzling disease is necessary to avoid contracting it, and to spare women the health disorders resulting from it and the difficulties of treating it. We aimed to study endometriosis with a focus on its theoretical causes. Its classification reports and theories of pathogenesis were identified and studied from available database searches. The causes of endometriosis remain mysterious. Many theories have been proposed to explain the etiology, but retrograde menstruation (RM) remains the closest in this regard. Although this theory is the most accepted in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, its causes are still a matter of debate, especially in women who do not suffer from obstructions to menstrual outflows, such as cases of congenital cervical stenosis and imperforate hymen. It is suggested in some studies that there may be a relationship between women who engage in sexual activity during menstruation and the development of endometriosis. It is concluded that endometriosis is a painful and debilitating disease. Identifying its causes is essential to control the disease and avoid any burdens on health. RM is the main theory for its pathogenesis but its causes are still uncertain. Sexual activity during menstruation may be a possible cause of RM but needs more evidence. Future studies are recommended to reveal all aspects of the pathogenesis of endometriosis. \u0000Key words: Sexual behavior, Endometrioma, Menstruation, Retrograde, Painful, fertility.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"4 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of higher thyroid stimulating hormone levels in the normal range with unexplained infertility: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mahdiehsadat Jalili, Reyhaneh Azizi, Abbas Aflatoonian, Akram Ghadiri-Anari","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since thyroid hormones have an essential role in energy production, early development of the human placenta, embryo development, and implantation, abnormalities in thyroid function can significantly affect pregnancy outcomes. \u0000Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the normal range in euthyroid women with unexplained infertility. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the data for 300 euthyroid women aged between 18 and 39 yr with normal TSH levels (≤ 5 mIU/L) referred to Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Yazd, Iran from December 2018-March 2021 in 2 groups: the case group (with unexplained infertility) and the control group (with male factor infertility). Finally, age, body mass index, and serum levels of TSH were extracted from participants’ medical records and compared between groups. \u0000Results: The mean age and TSH level of participants were 31.52 ± 3.52 yr and 1.24 ± 2.59 mIU/L, respectively. 142 women (47.3%) had TSH < 2.5, and 158 women (52.7%) had TSH ≥ 2.5 mIU/L. The women with unexplained infertility had significantly higher TSH levels than controls in the same normal range (0.62 vs. 0.64 mIU/L, p < 0.001). Although a more significant proportion of women in the case group had TSH levels > 2.5 mIU/L, we did not find a significant association between TSH levels and age or body mass index. \u0000Conclusion: Women with unexplained infertility have a higher level of serum TSH in the normal range (≥ 2.5 mIU/L) than the control group. So, the effect of TSH treatment on these women should be considered. \u0000Key words: Thyrotropin, Infertility, Thyroid hormones, Women.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered expression of kisspeptin, dynorphin, and related neuropeptides in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Hestiantoro, Rachellina Noor Al Maghfira, Ratna Fathmasari, R. Febri, Ericko Ongko Joyo, R. Muharam, Gita Pratama, A. Bowolaksono","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16440","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since kisspeptin (KISS1) in the hypothalamus is affected by the inhibitory effect of dynorphin, it raises questions about the controlled balance of these 2 neuropeptides in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). \u0000Objective: This study compares the expression levels of KISS1, dynorphin, neurokinin-B, leptin, and neuropeptide-Y in women with and without PCOS. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the peripheral blood samples of 20 women with PCOS and 20 women without PCOS who referred to Yamin Kencana Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia were enrolled from August-December 2022. mRNA relative expression of genes related to the central factors associated with PCOS, such as leptin, neuropeptide-Y, KISS1, tachykinin-3, and prodynorphin (PDYN), in PCOS and non-PCOS populations were examined. Gene quantification was carried out by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. \u0000Results: The KISS1/PDYN ratio was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (p = 0.02), and the PDYN was lower in the PCOS group than the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the positive correlation between KISS1 and the KISS1/PDYN ratio was significantly stronger in the PCOS group than in the control group (R = 0.93; p < 0.001 vs. R = 0.66, p < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Our results suggest that an increased KISS1/PDYN ratio in PCOS women is related to diminished dynorphin expression. Low expression of the gene encoding dynorphin and a high KISS1/PDYN ratio is highly specific to PCOS. \u0000Key words: Dynorphins, Kisspeptins, Neuropeptides, Polycystic ovary syndrome.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful management of pregnancy in Turner syndrome (Monosomy X): A rare condition-based learning experience from Vietnam","authors":"Ngoc Bich Trinh, Anh Dinh Bao Vuong, PHUC NHON NGUYEN","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16442","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is recognized with partial or complete loss of the second sex chromosome, occurring in approximately one in 2500 live births, and related to high failure of pregnancy. However, along with the advantage of assisted reproductive technology, the cases of TS pregnant women have been recently addressed worldwide. Therefore, the reproductive health of TS pregnant women should be a concern by physicians and obstetricians, particularly, in the low-middle income countries with low-resource settings. \u0000Case Presentation: Here, we describe a rare case of term pregnancy on a TS woman receiving oocyte donation at a private fertility center. Later, the woman was monitored uneventfully during antenatal care and hospitalized at our center for a cesarean delivery with favorable pregnancy outcomes at term. \u0000Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report relating to a particular pathology in Vietnam. Through this case report, we would like to emphasize the novel opportunity for TS women desiring parents, thus raising an appropriate awareness of healthcare providers. \u0000Key words: Cesarean section, Materno-fetal outcome, Oocyte donation, In vitro fertilization, Turner syndrome.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"16 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the sperm parameters, oxidative stress, and histopathological effects of vitamin B12 in preventing Helicobacter pylori-induced testicular toxicity: An experimental study","authors":"Forogh Mohammadi, M. Karimi-Dehkordi, Farnaz Pouriayevali","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i5.16439","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes sterility by affecting the reproductive system. vitamin B12 improves sperm quantity and function. \u0000Objective: Vitamin B12 protection against H. pylori adverse effects was investigated. \u0000Materials and Methods: 40 C57 male mice (6 wk) were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups (n = 10) including, group 1 (control without any intervention), group 2 (H), 3 (HP), and 4 (HB) received 1×109 colony forming unit (CFU) of H. pylori, 1×109 CFU of H. pylori+phosphate buffered saline, 1×109 CFU of H. pylori+50 μg/kg vitamin B12 intraperitoneally, respectively. In the induction groups, the H. pylori was orogasterically injected 3 times with 1 cc phosphate buffered saline throughout the day. Then testicular metrics, sperm motility, viability, quantity, and shape, plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Also, testicular-tissue changes were examined using Johnson scores, tubular differentiation index, and spermatogenesis index. Vitamin B12, homocysteine, and testosterone serum levels were examined. \u0000 Results: The results showed a significantly lower Johnson score, tubular differentiation index, and spermatogenesis index, and serum level of testosterone and homocysteine as well as a higher MDA level in the H and HP groups than the HB group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the highest superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes activity and total antioxidant capacity as well as the lowest serum level of MDA were found in the HB group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Vitamin B12 increased antioxidant enzyme activity, enhanced sperm parameters, and decreased injury to testicular tissue. It can be used as a potent antioxidant in reducing testicular damage induced by H. pylori. \u0000Key words: Helicobacter pylori, Reproductive medicine, Oxidative stress. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive aggressive angiomyxoma of ischioanal region with relapse: A case report","authors":"Arezoo Naderzadeh, Amirhosein Attarbashi, Leila Pourali, Majid Ansari, Abbas Abdollahi","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i4.16394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i4.16394","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare and slow-growing tumor in the pelvic and perineal regions that might develop into other perineal structures. It can present variably, ranging from a painless mass to non-specific symptoms such as dyspareunia. Due to the high relapse rate, extensive tumoral resection is reasonably required to prevent recurrences. It is also commonly confused with other conditions such as lipomas, Bartholin’s gland cysts, and hernias. \u0000Case Presentation: A 43-yr-old female diagnosed with AA 10 yr ago was evaluated as a consequence of the tumor recurrence. She presented rare manifestations of a giant and cystic pelvic mass involving pararectal and paravaginal tissue in front of the sacrum. \u0000Conclusion: Although AA is a rare and slow-growing tumor, close observation is recommended due to the high relapse rate. Furthermore, extensive tumoral resection and regular follow-up can reduce morbidity in these patients. \u0000Key words: Vulvar neoplasm, Perineum, Pelvic neoplasms, Recurrence.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial scratching in unexplained repeated implantation failure causes two competing forces, angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis: An RCT study","authors":"S. Aghajanpour, Fereshteh Mehraein, F. Amjadi, Z. Zandieh, Firouzeh Ghaffari, K. Aflatoonian, Elham Hosseini, M. Bakhtiyari, Reza Aflatoonian","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v22i4.16387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i4.16387","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A significant association between endometrial vascularity and pregnancy has been shown in previous research, while poor vascularization was attributed to repeated implantation failure (RIF). One possible approach to enhance angiogenesis for successful implantation is endometrial scratching (ES). \u0000Objective: The purpose was to investigate endometrial responses to scratching by profiling angiogenesis-related gene expression in unexplained RIF participants. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial study, 20 infertile women with unexplained RIF were assigned to 2 groups by the balanced block randomization method (n = 10/each group): the intervention group (group A) (who received ES in the follicular phase) and the control group (group B). Endometrial biopsy was performed in the secretory phase. Gene expression profiling was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-array kit for humanangiogenic growth factors. The implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were also assessed. \u0000Results: Among the angiogenesis-promoting genes, FGF1, FGF13, FGF2, TGFA, ANG, ANGPT1, and VEGFA were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). IL12A (an angiogenesis-inhibiting cytokine) was significantly upregulated (p < 0.01). In contrast, 15 genes with angiogenesisrelated functions, including CXCL11, CXCL13, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, EREG, FIGF, FST, IL10, LEP, PPBP, PROK1, RHOB, TNF, and TYMP, were downregulated after ES. No significant differences were observed between the intervention (group A) and control (group B) groups in terms of implantation (43.75% vs. 28.57%) or clinical pregnancy rates (75% vs. 57.1%). \u0000Conclusion: ES induced significant alterations in the expression of angiogenesis-related genes, with notable up/downregulation of key angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular responses triggered by ES, underscoring the potential influence of ES on the complex processes of angiogenesis crucial for implantation. \u0000Key words: Endometrium, Angiogenesis, Embryo implantation, Polymerase chain reaction.","PeriodicalId":318611,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}