Economics and Business最新文献

{"title":"The Dollar and Gold: Which is the Safest Haven? COVID-19 Evidence","authors":"Rahima Bousbia Salah, Hanane Beggat, Abdelkerim Debbar","doi":"10.2478/eb-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the dynamic correlation between the US dollar and gold prices during the coronavirus pandemic to determine which of the two assets is a safer haven from an investor’s perspective. The research utilises methods of analysis and synthesis of theoretical knowledge from published articles, literature, and official statistics websites. Data covering the period from January 1, 2020 to May 26, 2021, were primarily collected from the latest versions of these websites. The study includes a quantitative analysis of variables, including the Johansen cointegration test, the Granger causality test, and the error correction model. Our empirical analysis reveals a long-term equilibrium relationship between the US dollar and gold price. There is a oneway inverse causality relationship between the dollar and gold price. The results indicate that gold can be considered the safest haven from the investors’ perspective.","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135498015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Organisational Power on Structural Empowerment and Awareness of Ability Levels Among a Sample of Nurses","authors":"Mokhtar Rabhi, Ahlam Thamri, Mohammed Said Djoual, Rima Affaf Harizi","doi":"10.2478/eb-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper assesses the effect of organisational power on the structural empowerment of hospital nurses. The study also explores the degree to which nurses are able to take more responsibility in their work. Data were taken from 100 nurses of the Algerian public hospital. The model was tested by partial least squares path modelling. The results showed that organisational power positively affected structural empowerment. In addition, nurses have the ability to take on more responsibilities at work. Increasing nurses’ structural empowerment is an essential outcome. Therefore, it is necessary to move away from extreme centralization and try to share information, support, and experience with nurses, especially at public hospitals. Heads of nursing departments must share experience and information and delegate powers to nurses to enhance the effectiveness of their performance, especially in response to emergencies, and create the appropriate environment to enhance the empowerment of nurses.","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":"37 1","pages":"50 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46086845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analysis of Masculinity in Advertising: A Qualitative Study Based on Consumer Perceptions","authors":"Toms Kreicbergs","doi":"10.2478/eb-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the research was to explore Generations Z’s perceptions of masculinity in advertising and determine which type of masculinity and which masculinity characteristics consumers favor in a masculine character or the advertising message centered around masculinity. The author conducted three focus groups with a demographic: Latvian Generation Z. Qualitative content analysis of the focus group interview transcripts was conducted using Nvivo 11 qualitative data analysis software. The research concluded that Latvia’s Generation Z preferred modern masculinity depictions in advertising over traditional ones, and advertisers should not depict masculinity with stereotypes but rather emphasize diversity, self-acceptance, and emotionality and depict masculinity as an important topic.","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134883228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Environmental Monitoring in Promoting Green Creativity","authors":"Ibrahim M. Taha, A. Abbas","doi":"10.2478/eb-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of the research article is to demonstrate the role played by environmental monitoring in promoting green creativity by creating competitive new products, services, processes, procedures and systems designed to use natural resources at the lowest level and to provide a better quality of life. The research relied upon the independent variable, i.e., environmental monitoring including different dimensions such as the technical field and environmental accounting. On the other hand, the dependent variable is green creativity and has four dimensions (such as green creative motivation, green creative thinking, green creative behaviour and green creative outcome). For this study, the researchers selected a sample of auditors and accountants associated with some of the factories in Iraq-Karbala Governorate, and the sample size was 138. To attain the objective, the analytical descriptive approach was adopted which was leveraged to answer the main question: Are the heads of organisations aware of the role played by environmental monitoring in promoting green creativity? The research question was answered by testing four hypotheses and all of them were verified. The research found that there was a weakness in environmental monitoring and green creativity in a few aspects. It was represented by the weak environmental awareness of the employees and organisations towards green creativity and environmental sustainability. The organisations did not show any interest in adopting materials with less environmental harm. Therefore, it is necessary to review the environmental laws in Iraq and reformulate them to be stringent in applying the environmental monitoring laws and imposing fines.","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":"37 1","pages":"15 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Practices at the Junction of the Digital Era and COVID 19 in Ali Mendjeli New Town, Constantine, Algeria","authors":"Yasmine Boudechiche, Abdelouahab Bouchareb","doi":"10.2478/eb-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nowadays, beyond the spatial practices operated by inhabitants of Ali Mendjeli new town (Constantine) to build a new urbanity in a new framework, we note that the mode of consumption, consequence of globalization, also participates in this quest for identity formation. The health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic that the whole world experienced in the last two years has changed the parameters of consumption practices among individuals. However, in this difficult situation, the inhabitants and commercial operators of the new town have shown their ability to adapt their consumption patterns and services. This study will attempt to identify the changes in consumption practices caused by COVID-19 and to determine adaptation capacities by mobilizing ICT-based means. The data show that most respondents are a young population predisposed to digital technology. Therefore, inhabitants have come to terms with home delivery and online shopping, which have grown significantly and have proven to be a viable purchasing option during this crisis. In this study, we projected the consumption practices and behaviours of inhabitants of Ali Mendjeli new town during the crisis of COVID-19 on Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs. The results constitute evidence that this theory has been proven in reality. The management of the pandemic COVID-19 has found a facilitating context in Ali Mendjeli new town that has allowed it to adapt with the effects of this crisis.","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135562205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literature Analysis About the Impact of the CDO on Company Success","authors":"G. Hofbauer, D. Maier","doi":"10.56079/20223/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56079/20223/4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to identify a potential influence of a Chief Digital Officer (CDO) on company’s success. To do so, the CDO position is analyzed and put in context with existing research regarding upper echelons and consequences of digital activities. The research approach is theoretical and analytical and provides an intensive literature analysis concerning the connecting topics. Firstly, general facts and characteristics of CDOs will be presented. Secondly, the monetary influence of digital activities in former studies will be examined. Thirdly, upper echelon theory and attention-based view theory will be discussed with regard to organizational issues. In a final step, the topics mentioned are put into context with each other. The aim is to prove that the employment of a CDO might be able to influence the financial outcome of a company. As an intermediate finding it can be stated that the CDO Position has an impact on company’s success. But further research is needed to clearly prove the extent of influence. Keywords: Chief Digital Officer (CDO), Upper Echelon, Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence (AI) JEL Codes: O10, O11, O14","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49594038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Issue of Regulation of the Securities Market","authors":"Maya Gogokhia","doi":"10.56079/20223/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56079/20223/9","url":null,"abstract":"Financial market is institutionally represented by the financial system. The segments of the decentralized financial system correspond to the sectors of the financial market. Financial relations are formed outside the financial market - in the form of a public financial system. The structure of the decentralized financial system is the relationship between the banking sector and liquid securities markets. The financial structure as a source of ways and mechanisms of economic development is the subject of discussions. In recent years, there has been an increase in the convergence of sectors of the financial system. The financial structure continues to transform. The principles of regulation are the main basic on which the practical actions of the state to regulate the securities market should be based. In contrast to state regulation of the market as a whole, that is, regulation of macroeconomic processes, regulation of the securities market is predominantly administrative in nature. The article expresses an opinion on the expediency of restoring the fundamental entry in the Law of Georgia “On the Securities Market”, according to which trading in government securities is allowed only on the stock exchange; The need to protect the interests of minority investors, greater transparency of information about issuers, regulated participants, large investors is also emphasized. The market regulation system is formed under the influence of problems that accumulate and require solutions. The regulation of the securities market by the state is explained by the role played by this market and the desire to increase the reliability of the market and the level of confidence on the part of all its participants. Regulation of the stock market by the state will be supplemented by regulation by self-regulatory participants. Public regulation (regulation through public opinion) is also very important. The reaction of the population to any action on the securities market is the primary reason for initiating this or that regulatory action on the part of the state or market professionals. The development of the securities market in Georgia will be facilitated by a deeper discussion of the mentioned market problems and ways to overcome them. The article highlights the modern trend of creating stock groups in the securities market; The impact of the Covid pandemic on the stock markets is shown; The different situation in the world is analyzed in terms of creating a system of financial market regulation. Currently, the banking system is the dominant sector of the financial market in Georgia, which has been determined by the policy of the National Bank of Georgia for a long period of time. It is no so important which body should play the role of a regulator - the NSC or the National Bank - the determining factors are the will of the (financial) authorities, the methodology of supervision and the qualifications of the staff. Keywords: securities market, principles of regula","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48466249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Differences and Similarities between Social Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"L. Kiladze","doi":"10.56079/20223/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56079/20223/8","url":null,"abstract":"The presented paper makes the analysis of differences and similarities between social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility. It describes the practice of business sector involvement in solving social issues on the example of two different forms of entrepreneurial activity (traditional and social entrepreneurship). The paper reviews in detail the features that characterize social enterprises and responsible businesses, and analyzes the importance of business involvement in solving social issues. The comparison method was used for the study, which focused on the research of social enterprises and corporate social projects. Specifically, social enterprises and social projects implemented by business firms with similar goals in the same geographical zone were selected and compared to each other. The study of the targeted social enterprises reveals that it is entirely possible for a company to achieve commercial and social goals with equal success. As a result, they can contribute to the resolution of social issues such as environmental protection, the employment of vulnerable and underprivileged groups in the open labor market, the development of innovative technologies, and others. Simultaneously, the study confirms that, given their nature, motivation, and goals, responsible business and social entrepreneurship have the full potential to exist and develop independently in the market. Social stability is a key indicator of success for any country, regardless of its social and economic development. Social issues play an important role in the formation of the business environment, on which opportunities for business growth and development highly depend. In the modern world, the role of business in solving social issues is significantly growing, a clear example of which is the UN's \"2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\". These goals are of universal importance and represent the highest level of international efforts to ensure that we and future generations live on a more sustainable, safe, and secure planet. The business sector is one of the main stakeholders in the process of implementing sustainable development goals, which should contribute to the recovery of the economic environment. Companies in Georgia have varying opinions on the topic of business involvement in social issues. 34 out of 92 surveyed companies view corporate social responsibility as a capital investment, which can play an important role in attracting foreign investment, and 19 of them think that examples of company participation in social issues are influenced by emotional factors and are driven by spontaneous decisions. According to the same companies, social issues are outside the scope of activities of the business sector and are not a subject of their interest. It is evident that examples of business involvement in social projects are mostly observed in large corporations. At the same time, there is a growing trend of social entrepreneurship in Georgia. Since","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47889028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population of Kakheti: Dynamics and Ethnic Structure","authors":"Mirian Tukhashvili","doi":"10.56079/20223/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56079/20223/10","url":null,"abstract":"For the development and implementation of a rational demographic policy, it is of great importance to reveal the regularities of the transformation of the number and structure of the population of Georgia. The object of our research is the population of the Kakheti region, which has undergone significant changes over the past centuries. The article discusses the main trends of population size and ethno-structural changes – issues of the ratio of the Georgian population and diasporas of Georgia, annexed by the Russian Empire, the Soviet Republic and the post-Soviet Kakheti region. During the considered period, the specific weight of the diasporas in the entire population continuously increased due to the permanent implementation of the intensive immigration policy in Georgia, which was under imperial rule. The same situation was in the population of the Kakheti region, where the contingent of national minorities increased. With active immigration policy, the number of Russian population increased rapidly. In 1926-1939 it became 7.2% of the population of Kakheti. A relatively fast numerical increase of the Armenian diaspora was noted in the 19th century, of the Ossetians - at the beginning of the 20th century. The most stable increase is characterized by the Muslim population. Thanks to its traditions of high natural increase, the number of Azerbaijanis and Kists increased from 6.4 thousand to 37.5 thousand in 1884-1989, by 2014 their share in the population of Kakheti region became 11.8%. In the post-Soviet period, significant changes took place in the number and ethnic structure of the population of the Kakheti region. In the period between the population censuses of 1989-2014, it decreased significantly. Both the number of the entire population and diasporas: Armenians 3 times, Russians - 7 times, Ossetians - 4.9 times, Ukrainians - 9.4 times. Diasporas of Muslim Azeris and Kists remained relative stability. In the conditions of a rapid decrease in the number of the population, the tendency of the transition from a poly-ethnic to a bi-ethnic structure was evident in the Kakheti region. The main reason for the decrease in the number of diasporas is the intensification of emigration processes. It was caused by the collapse of the Georgian economy in the post-Soviet period, ethno-political conflicts and the unprecedented deterioration of living conditions, unemployment, and the deepening of poverty. In addition to this, the intensity of emigration of national minorities was influenced by the fact that a significant part of the diaspora did not know the state language – Georgian and chose to return to their historical and cultural environment, to their homeland. Some emigrated to countries where the standard of living was much higher than in Georgia. The reduction of diasporas was partly caused by their integration into the Georgian population. In the conditions of long-term coexistence, nationalities culturally close to Georgians: Ossetians, Armeni","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43506896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Stratification Profile of Contemporary Georgian Society","authors":"Amiran Berdzenishvili, Kakha Ketsbaia","doi":"10.56079/20223/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56079/20223/11","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the social stratification structure of contemporary Georgia society. Such important issues as the post-Soviet transformation of the stratification structure of Georgian society and the main factors determining its contemporary social profile are discussed from the viewpoint of social sciences. The idea that the social stratification structure of contemporary society is characterized by pathology expressed in the article is argued via analysis of the factual material given in the article. In the article, the above-mentioned problem is analyzed from the theoretical-sociological aspect. The authors admit that Georgian sociological literature is not abundant in the analysis of such problems, therefore works of the Georgian authors in the sphere of economical sciences are used (P. Gugushvili and others). According to the conclusion drawn on thebasis of theoretical-sociological analysis and description of the social-stratification structure of the contemporary Georgian society, we are facing a social pathology which, first of all, is confirmed by the scarcity of middle-class representatives.Comprehension of the actuality of this social problem and the necessity of solving it constitute the scientific pathos of the article. Keywords: Contemporary Georgian society, social stratification, stratification structure, transformation, social layers – upper, middle lower, stratification factors, pathological stratification. JEL Codes: A10, A13, A19","PeriodicalId":31810,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46065482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}