Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery最新文献

{"title":"Mexican Sphenoid Sinus Radiological Anatomy: High Risk Anatomy for Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery","authors":"A. Dorantes-Argandar","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2023.17.555973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2023.17.555973","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed description of the radiological anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and neurovascular structures that surround it from an endoscopic endonasal skull base surgical perspective and in an exclusively Mexican patient population. We performed a cross-sectional study of 500 patients form the Neurosurgery Patient Database at the Specialties Hospital of the 21st Century National Medical Center. Inclusion criteria were minimum age of 18 years old, availability of fine cut CT with skull base reconstruction, absence of skull base pathology, trauma, and radiological artifacts or distortion at the area of study.","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129786444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Clinical Approach and Practical Considerations","authors":"María Alejandra Nieto‐Salazar","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2023.17.555972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2023.17.555972","url":null,"abstract":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus is defined as an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the ventricles. The condition is more commonly seen in the elderly population. It is present in more than 700,000 Americans between the ages of 60 - 70, but less than 20% receive an accurate diagnosis. It may be idiopathic without a known cause or the result of any circumstance that interferes with the normal cerebral spinal fluid flow (i.e., subarachnoid hemorrhage, head trauma, infection, tumor, or complications from surgery). Clinical manifestations include the presence of cognitive impairment, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. The diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus is complex since it may present similar symptoms to those associated with other neurological conditions, particularly dementia syndromes. Therefore, a combination of classic clinical presentation, brain imaging findings, and dynamic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid is necessary to identify this disorder. Depending on the patient’s characteristics, medical/conservative treatment or ventriculoperitoneal surgical shunting can be effective management methods. On an individual basis, the prognosis of the disease and the outcome of treatment may vary.","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126852603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varicella Zoster Virus Aseptic Meningitis: A Misleading Clinical and Laboratory Presentation: Three Cases Reports","authors":"Diana Khedr","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555965","url":null,"abstract":"A septic meningitis caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation was less described in the literature, Varicella-zoster virus is a neurotropic virus that remain dormant in dorsal root ganglion after primary infection, usually manifested as chickenpox which gets reactivated in immunocompromized state presented usually with vesicular rash complicated with multi-organ affection such as central nervous system. Rarely this characteristic skin rash can be absent initially requiring high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. When no skin lesions are present, a high clinical suspicion is required to reach the diagnosis. In this report we described three clinical of varicella- zoster virus reactivation presented in atypical way in terms of clinical presentation and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115177758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Acute Cluster Headache","authors":"Guillermo Andrés Moreno Cortes","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555960","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide antagonists available on the market in treating cluster headaches. All the treatments discussed in this article focus on either abortive, preventive, or transitional care. These therapies include Monoclonal Antibodies (Galcanezumab, Fremanezumab, Erenumab), high-flow oxygen, triptans (sumatriptan, zolmitriptan), Octreotide, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (vagus and sphenopalatine nerves), and other medications like dihydroergotamine, lidocaine, and capsaicin. We reviewed many studies from The United States since 2015; analytical methods were utilized. Moreover, we found that some of the treatment options for CH can vary depending on efficacy and route of administration and according to categories of therapy (acute or preventive). Every treatment has a specific and unique mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, and side effects. Therefore, the recommendation of one particular treatment should be considered in the success of the treatment of Cluster Headaches. Monoclonal Antibodies against CGRP have a unique role and are considered a first alternative in treating acute CH.","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128076052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of CEUS as an Intraoperative Tool for Residual Brain Tumors: An Overview","authors":"F. Botero","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117058349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Term Functional Outcome of Patients that Underwent Laminectomy, in Pakistani Population","authors":"Almas Ashraf","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134149992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges of Adult Rasmussen’s Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Alawi A Al Attas","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122283140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Migraine: An Overview","authors":"G. B. Benitez Lopez","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2022.17.555951","url":null,"abstract":"Migraine is a disabling type of headache due to a neurovascular disorder characterized by moderate to severe pain and specific associated features. Migraine has a high incidence and prevalence, affecting 20% of people at some point in their lives; women are more affected than men. There have been many pharmacologic options that have been used to treat acute migraine over the last years. Nevertheless, this article aims to point out the new drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitor and review the traditional pharmacologic options and their combination available. There are two classes of CGRP inhibitors: small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists and anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Their indications depend on the patient’s comorbidity, preference, and side effects. Due to their non-vasoconstrictive property, CGRP inhibitors can be considered a treatment option for patients with a contraindication of triptans and ergot alkaloids use. Another strategy to treat migraine attacks after they start is triptans. Therefore, this drug is considered an abortive therapy. However, triptans have many contraindications and drug interactions. Additionally, it should not be used for more than ten days per month to avoid the development of medication overuse headaches. Another classic group of drugs proven to be effective and safe for mild to moderate headache therapy is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Their easy access and lower cost are the most attractive advantages of this drug. Migraine treatment is not easy, and it might be necessary to use more than one drug. Combination drugs can be used as a first-line or second-line therapy, and they can also be helpful for refractory migraine treatment. Due to the different mechanisms of action, it can enhance the results of another drug or improve its effects. This treatment regimen can be used as the first or second line, depending on the context of the patient. Since migraine is a prevalent condition, all medical professionals must be up to date on migraine treatment methods because studies in this area are lacking.","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128839916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post COVID-19 Vaccine Encephalitis and Romboencephalitis: Three Cases Report","authors":"Diana Khedr","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2022.16.555949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2022.16.555949","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since introducing the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, different adverse effects and complications have been linked to the vaccine. Variable neurological complications have been reported after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, such as acute encephalopathy. Case presentation: In this report, we describe three cases previously healthy men who developed acute cerebellar and brainstem symptoms with temporal relationship to ChAdOx1 nCov-19, CSF investigations showed lymphocytic pleocytosis. They received five days of 1 gm. methylprednisolone with variable response. Discussion: Extensive workup for different causes of acute encephalopathy, including autoimmune encephalitis, was negative. Also, one patient improved dramatically after receiving methylprednisolone, supporting an immune-mediated mechanism behind his acute presentation. Accordingly, we think the COVID-19 vaccine is the only possible cause of our patient’s presentation, giving the temporal relationship and the absence of other risk factors for encephalopathy. Conclusion: of the different COVID-19 vaccines. Further research is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of such complications. Large, pooled data from observational epidemiologic studies are necessary to verify causality.","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"19 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120854971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Management of Crystal-Induced Arthropathies: an Overview","authors":"J. S. Canenguez Benitez","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2021.16.555931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2021.16.555931","url":null,"abstract":"Gout and pseudogout are the two major Crystal-induced Arthropathies. Patients with these conditions can experience symptoms such as asymmetric joint pain, swelling, and functional limitation. Acute presentation is due to intra-articular deposition of monosodium urate (Gout) or calcium pyrophosphate (Pseudogout).","PeriodicalId":317103,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125446177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}