Animal Behavior and Cognition最新文献_第2页

Variability in Temporal Characteristics of the South Eastern Indian Ocean Pygmy Blue Whale Song 东南印度洋侏儒蓝鲸歌声的时间特征变化

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.03.02.2023

Capri D. Jolliffe, R. McCauley, A. Gavrilov

{"title":"Variability in Temporal Characteristics of the South Eastern Indian Ocean Pygmy Blue Whale Song","authors":"Capri D. Jolliffe, R. McCauley, A. Gavrilov","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.03.02.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.03.02.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The temporal characteristics of whale song are considered to be amongst the most stable elements of song production, though very few studies have looked at the timing of discrete sounds or the silences between them. This study indicates that the temporal characteristics of the song of the southeast Indian Ocean pygmy blue (SEIOPB) whale are highly variable. While the song repetition interval, or inter-song interval (ISI), appeared to remain consistent within a song event, defined as a consistent bout of singing presumed to come from an individual animal, it was found to be variable between song events. Song structure was a confounding factor in the analysis of variability in ISI with songs comprised of longer phrases naturally having a longer song repetition interval. The songs of the SEIOPB whale are characteristic of the species with only three primary song types. The three-unit song (units I, II and III) has the longest mean ISI of ~ 200 s, approximately twice that of songs composed of only two units (II and III) at a mean of ~ 100 s ISI which is approximately twice the ISI of a one-unit song (unit II only). The results of this study suggest that variability in ISI cannot be attributed to change in one element of a song but is driven by temporal changes in all elements of the song including phrase structure, unit duration and the length of the intervals between song units. Thus, the temporal characteristics of blue whale song appear to be under the control of the animal and may vary between individual whales, and within songs of an individual. It is concluded that the temporal characteristics of song potentially encode contextual information about the singer and may be influenced by audience effects, including audience composition and singer density.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74058933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reciprocity in Dyads and Triads: Female Rats Alter Their Prosocial Behavior According to the Social Context 二人组和三合组中的互惠:雌性大鼠根据社会环境改变其亲社会行为

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.03.01.2023

Emily J. Winokur, Cherry Song, Estelita Leija, Joanne Chen, Sean Kross, Danielle Shamam, M. Aguilar-Rivera, L. Quinn, F. Rossano, A. Chiba

{"title":"Reciprocity in Dyads and Triads: Female Rats Alter Their Prosocial Behavior According to the Social Context","authors":"Emily J. Winokur, Cherry Song, Estelita Leija, Joanne Chen, Sean Kross, Danielle Shamam, M. Aguilar-Rivera, L. Quinn, F. Rossano, A. Chiba","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.03.01.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.03.01.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing and appropriately responding to others' helpful actions are critical components of social cognition and reciprocity. This ability has been well-documented in various species where animals differentiate between experimenters who are “unwilling” versus “unable” to provide help, but it is unclear if this ability extends to rats. The present studies investigate the prosocial decision-making behavior of female rats in response to the prior actions of another rat in both triadic and dyadic social contexts. In Experiment One, an \"actor\" rat repeatedly pressed a lever to open a restrainer door, enabling a trapped conspecific to access food. Consistent with reciprocity, when the roles were reversed, the previously trapped conspecific helped the actor. In Experiments Two and Three, the actor rat's ability to open the door was manipulated, with some trials where the door was blocked and the actor was unable to open it and some trials where the actor was able to, but rarely opened the door. In the triadic context, the previously trapped rat then had the opportunity to help the actor, a neutral control, both, or neither (Experiment Two). In the dyadic context, the previously trapped rat could then help the actor (Experiment Three). Reciprocity was not observed in the triadic context. However, unexpectedly, relative to a neutral control conspecific, rats showed a stronger preference for the less helpful actor compared to the helpful or unable actor. In contrast, in the dyadic context, rats did show reciprocity and displayed a higher propensity to help the helpful or unable actor compared to the less helpful actor. These findings shed light on rats' complex social behavior and highlight the context-dependent nature of their helping behavior.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86468515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Horses’ Social Evaluation of Human Third-Party Interactions 马对人类第三方互动的社会评价

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.02.01.2023

Takuto Sugimoto, S. Hirata

{"title":"Horses’ Social Evaluation of Human Third-Party Interactions","authors":"Takuto Sugimoto, S. Hirata","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.02.01.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.02.01.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Humans evaluate others by observing their interactions with third parties that are not directly related to the observers’ interests. Such third-party evaluations have not been well-studied in nonhuman animals. In this study, we investigated whether horses socially evaluate humans based on their third-party interactions. We used a helping paradigm similar to that used in earlier studies with dogs and cats: that is, the horses watched as an experimenter (attempter) tried unsuccessfully to open a container in order to remove an object and then asked another actor on his right (i.e., helper/non-helper) for help. The actor either helped the attempter or refused the request by turning away. After this interaction, the attempter repeated the same procedure with another actor on his left. The actor on the left played the opposite role to the actor on the right. After these two interactions, the two actors offered food to the horse simultaneously. The horses were able to freely choose which actor to take the food from. They showed no preference for the helper over the non-helper. Therefore, in line with the results from the first trials of previous studies in dogs and cats, horses may not have a robust third-party evaluation ability. However, future studies should use other paradigms that are more suitable to the social ecology of horses.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81517496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Appropriate knowledge of wild chimpanzee behavior (‘know-what’) and field experimental protocols (‘know-how’) are essential prerequisites for testing the origins and spread of technological behavior. Response to “Unmotivated subjects cannot provide interpretable data and tasks with sensitive learning periods require appropriately aged subjects” by C. Tennie and J. Call 对野生黑猩猩行为的适当了解(“知道什么”)和实地实验方案(“诀窍”)是测试技术行为的起源和传播的必要先决条件。C. Tennie和J. Call对“无动机的受试者不能提供可解释的数据，具有敏感学习期的任务需要适当年龄的受试者”的回应

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.02.05.2023

Kathelijne Koops, Dora Biro, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, William C. McGrew, Susana Carvalho

{"title":"Appropriate knowledge of wild chimpanzee behavior (‘know-what’) and field experimental protocols (‘know-how’) are essential prerequisites for testing the origins and spread of technological behavior. Response to “Unmotivated subjects cannot provide interpretable data and tasks with sensitive learning periods require appropriately aged subjects” by C. Tennie and J. Call","authors":"Kathelijne Koops, Dora Biro, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, William C. McGrew, Susana Carvalho","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.02.05.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.02.05.2023","url":null,"abstract":"We respond to the commentary by Tennie and Call (2023) on the article by Koops et al. (2022) in Nature Human Behaviour titled ‘Field experiments find no evidence that chimpanzee nut cracking can be independently innovated.’ Koops et al. (2022) showed that chimpanzee nut cracking is not a so-called ‘latent solution.’ Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Nimba Mountains (Guinea) did not crack nuts when presented with nuts and stones in ecologically valid field experiments. In their Commentary, Tennie and Call (2023) argued that the experiments were inconclusive for two reasons: 1) the chimpanzees were not motivated to treat the nuts as food, and 2) the chimpanzees were not within the appropriate ‘sensitive learning period.’ In our response, we argue that Tennie and Call (2023) incorrectly use the term ‘motivation’ to mean ‘willingness to eat the nut’, which requires existing knowledge of the edibility of the nuts. We also point out that it is unnatural and uninformative to inject nuts with honey to motivate the chimpanzees to eat them, as suggested by Tennie and Call (2023). Finally, we highlight that Koops et al. (2022) tested appropriately aged subjects (N=32 immatures). Moreover, we argue that there is no evidence to suggest that there is a strictly sensitive learning period restricted to juvenility. Finally, we emphasize the need for researchers doing experiments in captivity to visit their study species in the wild, and for field researchers to be involved in efforts to design ecologically valid experiments in captivity.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nursing Behavior in Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) 抹香鲸(Physeter macrocephalus)的护理行为

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.02.02.2023

F. Sarano, Véronique Sarano, Modan-Lou Tonietto, Adrien Yernaux, Jean-Luc Jung, M. Arribart, Justine Girardet, Axel Preud'homme, René Heuzey, F. Delfour, H. Glotin, I. Charrier, O. Adam

{"title":"Nursing Behavior in Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus)","authors":"F. Sarano, Véronique Sarano, Modan-Lou Tonietto, Adrien Yernaux, Jean-Luc Jung, M. Arribart, Justine Girardet, Axel Preud'homme, René Heuzey, F. Delfour, H. Glotin, I. Charrier, O. Adam","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.02.02.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.02.02.2023","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, lactation is the universal behavior of feeding offspring and has a fundamental nutritional and social value with offspring staying near their mothers. In order to obtain milk, terrestrial mammal offspring squeeze the breast of lactating females and suckle the nipples with their tongues. In the specific case of cetacean species, it was reported that lactating females intentionally eject milk from their mammary slit into the calves’ mouths. Nursing behavior in sperm whales has already been broadly described, but the results of our current study, based on 127 underwater videos, recording over 7 years and displaying explicit nursing behavior, bring a higher level of understanding. We first showed that sperm whale calves are proactive in getting milk. We were then able to illustrate and describe with a high level of precision their suckling behavior: firstly, the calf bumps its head onto the female’s genital area to signal the mother its willingness to suckle; secondly, the calf introduces its lower jawbone into the genital slit, this action makes the nipple pop up from its slit; thirdly, the calf squeezes the nipple with its tongue against the hard palate and suckles; fourthly, the calf removes its jawbone from the female and swims off. Moreover, our underwater visual observations provided the first direct evidence for allosuckling in sperm whales, a situation during which a calf obtains milk from an adult female who is not its mother.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82337018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of Water Flow by Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica): Behavioral and Pharmacological Analyses 日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)水流检测:行为学和药理学分析

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.02.03.2023

Shigeru Watanabe

{"title":"Detection of Water Flow by Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica): Behavioral and Pharmacological Analyses","authors":"Shigeru Watanabe","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.02.03.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.02.03.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Eels migrate long distances and their spatial learning ability based on extra-maze visual cues has been examined in the laboratory. Here, I examine the discriminative properties of water flow in their spatial cognition. Individuals of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) were trained in a circular pool containing four pipes. One pipe was open where the eels could enter, and the other pipes were closed. A small motor-driven water screw was placed beside each pipe. The water screw close to the open pipe was active to allow water flow, whereas the other screws were inactive. The position of the open pipe with the active screw was randomly changed, and the eels could learn the position of the open pipe after approximately 15 trials. Overall, five tests were conducted. Test 1: A generalization test showed a generalization gradient along the distance from the open pipe and the active screw. Test 2: A test using a screw with no blades (i.e., no water flow but possible vibration or sound by a motor is present) resulted in chance level performance, suggesting that the eels needed water flow to find the open pipe. Test 3: A test with a water pump that produced water flow by a mechanism different from that of the original motor-driven screw showed that the eels maintained the detection of water flow under this condition. Test 4: The eels also located the open pipe in a dark room test; therefore, visual cues were not used for the detection of the open pipe. To confirm that the water flow was detected by the lateral organ, streptomycin sulfate was dissolved in a home tank to impair the hair cells in the lateral line organ in Test 5, and the eels were not able to detect the open pipe under these conditions. This observation suggests that the detection of water flow depends on the lateral-line organ. In summary, the data show that eels can detect water flow to find hiding locations.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"696 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78728699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wild Carrion Crows (Corvus corone) Autonomously Respond to Speech but Show No Difference in Their Response to a Local and a Foreign Language 野生食腐鸦(Corvus corone)对语言有自主反应，但对本地语言和外语的反应没有区别

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.02.04.2023

S. Schalz

{"title":"Wild Carrion Crows (Corvus corone) Autonomously Respond to Speech but Show No Difference in Their Response to a Local and a Foreign Language","authors":"S. Schalz","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.02.04.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.02.04.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Eavesdropping on the vocalizations of other species can be beneficial for wildlife to avoid predator encounters, including encounters with humans. Wild-caught large-billed crows in Tokyo responded more to playback of a foreign language than to Japanese without any training or rewards provided in the experiment, suggesting habituation to the local language. Here I tested the response of wild carrion crows in the UK to playback of a foreign language (Vietnamese), the local language (English), and non-speech control vocalizations (pigeon and parakeet vocalizations) to examine whether wild crows eavesdrop on speech. Playback experiments were conducted in two cities that differ in their population size and linguistic diversity (London and Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire), to understand the role of exposure frequency to humans and to different languages in their response to speech. The crows autonomously responded with increased flight behaviors to human speech compared to non-speech control vocalizations. However, unlike previously shown for large-billed crows, the carrion crows did not respond differently to the two languages. It remains to be understood whether eavesdropping on speech provides any benefit to the animals, particularly urban individuals with frequent exposure to humans.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77745484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Unmotivated Subjects Cannot Provide Interpretable Data and Tasks with Sensitive Learning Periods Require Appropriately Aged Subjects: A Commentary on Koops et al. (2022) “Field experiments find no evidence that chimpanzee nut cracking can be independently innovated” 无动机的受试者不能提供可解释的数据，具有敏感学习期的任务需要适当年龄的受试者:对Koops等人(2022)的评论“现场实验没有发现证据表明黑猩猩的坚果开裂可以独立创新”

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.01.05.2023

C. Tennie, J. Call

{"title":"Unmotivated Subjects Cannot Provide Interpretable Data and Tasks with Sensitive Learning Periods Require Appropriately Aged Subjects: A Commentary on Koops et al. (2022) “Field experiments find no evidence that chimpanzee nut cracking can be independently innovated”","authors":"C. Tennie, J. Call","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.01.05.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.01.05.2023","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent paper in Nature Human Behaviour, Koops et al. (2022) argued that unlike most other chimpanzee “know-how”, nut-cracking falls outside the zone of latent solutions (ZLS). Their conclusion is based on an experiment in which the authors placed nuts and hammers in an area frequented by a wild population of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) naïve to nut-cracking. Although some of these chimpanzees came into proximity with the provisioned materials, they did not develop nut-cracking. Koops et al. concluded that chimpanzee nut- cracking know-how requires a model to copy – and does not represent a latent solution. We applaud Koops et al.’s efforts to test for the mechanisms that drive nut-cracking in wild chimpanzees, but we argue that their results are inconclusive because the chimpanzees lacked the required test motivation – there was no willingness to eat the nuts, even when their kernels were already exposed. Additionally, most individuals fell outside the age range most likely to foster nut-cracking innovation. For these reasons, Koops et al.’s study outcome is uninterpretable. The question whether nut-cracking is or is not a latent solution in chimpanzees therefore awaits further empirical testing on motivated subjects within adequate age ranges.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88012220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problem-Solving and Spontaneous Tool-Using Ability in European Brown Bears (Ursus arctos arctos) 欧洲棕熊(Ursus arctos arctos)解决问题和自发使用工具的能力

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.01.03.2023

H. Chambers, S. O'hara

{"title":"Problem-Solving and Spontaneous Tool-Using Ability in European Brown Bears (Ursus arctos arctos)","authors":"H. Chambers, S. O'hara","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.01.03.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.01.03.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the cognitive abilities of bears, despite possessing relatively large brains for their body size. One reason this group is perhaps overlooked is because they are thought to fail to conform to the “social brain” hypothesis, by being relatively solitary species but still possessing large brains. Here, to better understand the proposed benefits afforded by encephalization, the cognitive abilities of 17 captive European brown bears Ursus arctos arctos were tested. The aim was to determine whether bears possess problem-solving and object-manipulation abilities. Two experimental tests – a puzzle box and an object-manipulation set-up – were presented to bears at seven UK zoological parks. Generalised linear mixed models were used to determine which variables, specifically age, sex, motivational levels, behavioral diversity and persistence, influence cognitive performance. Results revealed evidence of trial-and-error learning; however, two juveniles appeared to acquire a latch association, suggesting some individuals have potential to adopt successful strategies and draw perceptive associations. Individual variation in motivation levels appears to be an important factor influencing cognitive performance. Overall, the bears failed to spontaneously use a tool but still managed to retrieve the food reward, instead using alternative techniques to solve the problem. Analyses revealed both age and sex to be negatively associated with time-to-solve in our sample, indicating the younger male bears solved the task more quickly. Results suggest social dynamics of group-living bears to be influencing cognitive performance, as the collective nature of testing resulted in increased competition over a high-value reward. These results are discussed herein. Brown bears are confirmed to be an excellent model species for testing the cognitive abilities of Ursids, as well as theories of cognitive evolution.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89528011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Juvenile American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Use Behavioral Thermoregulation to Cope with Dehydration and Salt-Loading when Chronically Exposed to 12 ‰ Saltwater 幼年美洲短吻鳄(短吻鳄)长期暴露在12‰的盐度环境中，通过行为体温调节来应对脱水和盐负荷

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.10.01.01.2023

P. Faulkner, D. Hala, Jessica Shimskie, Rachel C. Johnson, Anna Schneider, Taylor Cubbage, Nicolette Lozano, L. Petersen

{"title":"Juvenile American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Use Behavioral Thermoregulation to Cope with Dehydration and Salt-Loading when Chronically Exposed to 12 ‰ Saltwater","authors":"P. Faulkner, D. Hala, Jessica Shimskie, Rachel C. Johnson, Anna Schneider, Taylor Cubbage, Nicolette Lozano, L. Petersen","doi":"10.26451/abc.10.01.01.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.10.01.01.2023","url":null,"abstract":"American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are native to freshwater habitats in the Southeastern United States. These areas are susceptible to salinity increases due to extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes) and climate change. The goal of this study was to investigate behaviors in juvenile alligators exposed to 12‰ saltwater for five weeks. Sixteen alligators were maintained in an experimental tank with 90 L of water and a heat lamp overhanging a basking plate. Observations were conducted in freshwater (prior to exposure to saltwater) and over the course of 5 weeks in 12‰ saltwater. This allowed for comparison of behaviors in freshwater and in saltwater in the same group of animals. Behaviors related to thermoregulation (basking and staying in the water) and feeding were recorded via instantaneous sampling, in which sampling intervals of 1 min occurred throughout a 20 min observation period. Saltwater-exposed alligators reduced foraging and feeding within the first week of saltwater exposure and spent significantly less time basking compared with freshwater observations. Furthermore, significantly fewer animals chose to bask over the course of 5 weeks in saltwater. A novel behavior, never seen in freshwater, was the closing of the outer eyelids when alligators were in the saltwater. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that chronic saltwater exposure has significant impact on the thermoregulatory behavior in juvenile alligators concomitantly exposed to dehydration and salt-loading without access to freshwater. As alligator hatchlings emerge during peak hurricane season, the survivability of hatchlings may be compromised if access to freshwater is unattainable.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0