Journal of Health and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The pathogenesis of COVID-19: Hypercoagulation and D-dimer in thrombotic complications","authors":"L. Dubey, H. Lytvyn, O. Dorosh, N. Dubey, O. Kozlova, M. Pruc, N. Kubikowska, L. Szarpak, K. Batra, F. Chirico, G. Nucera, S. Doan, U. Shevtsiv","doi":"10.19204/2023/thpt4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19204/2023/thpt4","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is highly contagious and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In COVID-19, the inflammation and blood coagulation systems are excessively activated. SARS-CoV-2 damages endothelial cells and pneumocytes, which leads to disruption of hemostasis in SARS. Thromboembolism is the main cause of mortality in patients with COVID-19. Clots, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), ranging from minor to fatal complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are known. Individuals with pre-existing diseases are more susceptible to the development of blood clots and poor outcomes. High levels of circulating cytokines and D-dimer (DD) are influential biomarkers of poor outcomes in COVID-19. The latter occurs as a result of hyperfibrinolysis and hypercoagulation. Plasmin is a key player in fibrinolysis and is involved in the cleavage of many viral envelope proteins, including SARS-CoV. Due to this function penetration of viruses into the host cell occurs. In addition, plasmin is involved in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in SARS and promotes the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF, from activated macrophages. The focus of existing treatment to alleviate fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19 is the use of systemic fibrinolytic therapy given thrombotic pathology in severe forms of COVID-19 which may lead to death. However, fibrinolytic therapy may be harmful in the advanced stages of COVID-19, when the status of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) changes from suppressed fibrinolysis to its enhancement during the progression of the disease. This narrative review aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19, which will further help in precise diagnosis and treatment. Take-home message: The COVID-19 virus disrupts haemostasis and thromboembolism by over activating the inflammation and blood coagulation systems. High levels of cytokines and D-dimer are indicators of pre-existing diseases and blood clots. Systemic fibrinolytic treatment can reduce severe fibrinolysis in COVID-19, which is caused by plasmin. In the late stages of DIC, when fibrinolysis increases, it may be dangerous. To improve therapy and results, understanding COVID-19 pathogenicity is critical. © 2023 by the authors.","PeriodicalId":31628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68023158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability and self-efficacy predict loneliness among the Turkish public during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Murat Yıldırım, Zafer Güney Çağış, Pietro Crescenzo, Giuseppe, Ferrari, M. Dhimal, G. Nucera, L. Szarpak, Francesco Chirico","doi":"10.19204/2022/VLNR6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19204/2022/VLNR6","url":null,"abstract":"Vulnerability and self-efficacy predict loneliness among the Turkish public during the COVID-19 pandemic Murat YILDIRIM1†, Zafer Güney ÇAĞIŞ2†, Pietro CRESCENZO3, Giuseppe FERRARI4, Meghnath DHIMAL5, Gabriella NUCERA6, Lukasz SZARPAK7*, Francesco CHIRICO8* Affiliations: 1 Department of Psychology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0003-1089-1380. 2Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey. Department of Psychology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, ORCID: 0000-0001-8795-9000. 3Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy. Email: pietro.crescenzo@uniba.it. ORCID: 0000-0001-5240-315X. 4SIPISS, Milan, Italy. E-mail: ferrari@sipiss.it. ORCID: 0000-0003-12445931. 5Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal, Email: meghdhimal@gmail.com. ORCID: 00000001-7176-7821. 6Emergency Department, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli and Sacco, Milano, Italy, Email: gabriellanucera@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0003-1425-0046 7Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska – Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland, Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Email: lukasz.szarpak@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-0973-5455. 8 Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Health Service","PeriodicalId":31628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68023571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of resilience in psychological adjustment and satisfaction with life among undergraduate students in Turkey: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Murat Yıldırım, Zafer Güney Çağış, K. Batra, G. Ferrari, Muhammed Kızılgeçit, F. Chirico, Manoj Sharma","doi":"10.19204/2022/RLFR8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19204/2022/RLFR8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cultivation of resilience is shown to reduce mental health problems and improve well-being. The effect of resilience on psychological adjustment problems and satisfaction with life is however not adequately discussed. This study investigated the predictive effect of resilience in psychological adjustment and satisfaction with life among undergraduate students during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sampling method was utilized to recruit undergraduate students from a public educational institution in Turkey. Psychometric valid tools, such as the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Brief Psychological Adjustment-6 (BASE-6) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to measure the primary outcomes of the study. Data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Of total 224 undergraduates participated in this study, nearly 74% were males and the mean age of the sample was 21.03±1.66 years. More than half of the participants had average socioeconomic status (53.57%) followed by above-average (40.18%) and below-average (6.25%). The results indicated that males and individuals who had low socioeconomic status reported greater psychological maladjustment problems. Furthermore, the resilience negatively predicted the psychological maladjustment (β =-0.31, p<0.01) and positively predicted satisfaction with life (β = 0.17, p< 0.05) after controlling for age, gender, and perceived socioeconomic status. Discussion: These results shed light on the relationship of resilience with psychological outcomes in terms of satisfaction with life and psychological adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study point to the potential role of resilience in improving satisfaction with life and psychological adjustment among undergraduate students in Turkey. Additionally, efforts by practitioners and policymakers should be made in developing resilience-building interventions to foster post-traumatic growth among students. Take-home message: The current findings will serve as preliminary evidence to develop innovative preventative intervention programs aiming at reducing psychological adjustment problems and promoting satisfaction with life among undergraduate students in Turkey. © 2022 by the authors.","PeriodicalId":31628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68023316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep duration, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and chronotype in university students in India: A systematic review","authors":"Christen Dunn, O. Goodman, M. Szklo-Coxe","doi":"10.19204/2022/SLPD3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19204/2022/SLPD3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Optimal sleep is an important aspect of academic performance and mental health. However, poor sleep health is often present among university students due to their lifestyle and academic requirements. University students in India have been shown to have poor sleep health. Though self-reported sleep issues have been evaluated among university students in India, these results have not been synthesized to date. We aimed to identify factors that may be associated with poor sleep health among university students in India from January 2010 to April 2021, inclusive. As a secondary aim, we sought to evaluate factors associated with sleep among university students in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify studies conducted in India related to sleep among university students. The studies were synthesized by aspects of sleep (sleep quality, sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)) and chronotype, types of university students in India (non-medical and medical) and if they examined sleep in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 12 articles were identified that evaluated sleep duration, sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness and included university students in India. Findings suggested that between 25-72% of Indian university students reported poor sleep quality, and 17-44% experienced EDS. Similar associations were noted in both non-medical and medical undergraduate students. Students with evening chronotype vs. intermediate chronotype and morning chronotype were more likely to experience poor sleep quality. Studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic reported differing results of poor sleep quality and increased sleep duration. Discussion: Demographic, psychological, and socio-behavioral factors are statistically significantly related to poor sleep quality, EDS, and short sleep duration among university students in India. Take-home message: Poor sleep quality is prevalent among university students in India. To improve sleep issues among university students in India, researchers should design tailored sleep interventions that account for demographic, psychological, and socio-behavioral factors that may place students at risk for poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and short sleep duration. © 2022 by the authors.","PeriodicalId":31628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68023400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HCV and HIV co-infection among people who inject drugs in Vietnam.","authors":"Vu Toan Thinh,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Dréan Matthieu,&nbsp;Van Dinh Hoa,&nbsp;Nguyen Huu Anh,&nbsp;Le Minh Giang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HIV/HCV co-infection in people who inject drugs (PWID) continues to be a major challenge for health care systems and the PWID themselves. PWID have driven the HIV epidemic in Vietnam but information on HIV/HCV co-infection is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 PWID recruited in Hanoi from February 2016 to April 2017. Four mutually exclusive groups were defined based on the presence of detectable HCV RNA and positive HIV confirmation. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore life-time risk behaviors of HCV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of HIV and HCV infection was 51.08% and 61.69%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection was 22.59% and 39.1%, respectively. We found that engaging in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) was positively associated with HCV mono-infection (aOR = 2.38, 95% Confidential Interval [CI] 1.07 to 5.28) and with at least either HIV or HCV infection (aOR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.56). Ever being incarcerated was significantly associated with HCV mono-infection (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.90) and HIV/HCV co-infection (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.46). Those who had ever shared with and reused syringes/needles were more likely to have HIV/HCV co-infection (aORs = 5.17 and 2.86, <i>P</i> < 0001, respectively) and have either HIV or HCV infection (aORs = 3.42 and 2.37, <i>P</i> < 0001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Correlates for HCV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection highlight the need to address risk behaviors, expand MMT programs, and establish HCV sentinel surveillance. The high prevalence of HCV and/or HIV co-infection shows a need for access to HCV treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":31628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences","volume":"5 4","pages":"573-586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39080208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are women leaders significantly better at controlling the contagion?","authors":"S. Purkayastha, M. Salvatore, B. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1101/2020.06.06.20124487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.06.20124487","url":null,"abstract":"Recent media articles have suggested that women-led countries are doing better in terms of their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine an ensemble of public health metrics to assess the control of COVID-19 epidemic in women- vs men-led countries worldwide based on data available up to June 3. The median of the distribution of median time-varying effective reproduction number for women and men led countries were 0.89 and 1.14 respectively with the 95% two-sample bootstrap-based confidence interval for the difference (women - men) being [-0.335, 0.028]. In terms of scale of testing, the median percentage of population tested were 3.28% (women), 1.59% (men) [95% CI: (-1.285%, 3.600%)] with test positive rates of 2.69% (women) and 4.94% (men) respectively. It appears that though statistically not significant, countries led by women have an edge over countries led by men in terms of public health metrics for controlling the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.","PeriodicalId":31628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47378420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are women leaders significantly better at controlling the contagion during the COVID-19 pandemic?","authors":"Soumik Purkayastha,&nbsp;Maxwell Salvatore,&nbsp;Bhramar Mukherjee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent media articles have suggested that women-led countries are doing better in terms of their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine an ensemble of public health metrics to assess the control of COVID-19 epidemic in women-versus men-led countries worldwide based on data available up to June 3. The median of the distribution of median time-varying effective reproduction number for women- and men-led countries were 0.89 and 1.14 respectively with the 95% two-sample bootstrap-based confidence interval for the difference (women - men) being [-0.34, 0.02]. In terms of scale of testing, the median percentage of population tested were 3.28% (women), 1.59% (men) [95% CI: (-1.29%, 3.60%)] with test positive rates of 2.69% (women) and 4.94% (men) respectively. It appears that though statistically not significant, countries led by women have an edge over countries led by men in terms of public health metrics for controlling the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":31628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences","volume":"5 2","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457824/pdf/nihms-1620527.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38336342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}