IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Chemometric Assessment of Orashi River after Confluence with Oguta Lake","authors":"Enyoh Christian Ebere, V. A. Wirnkor, Verla Evelyn Ngozi, P. Okeke, S. S. Pingale","doi":"10.24845/ijfac.v4.i3.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v4.i3.91","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the surficial water and sediment of Orashi River after confluence with Oguta. A total of 50 sub-samples were collected for the two media and were homogenized to form 10 composite samples (5 each). Water and sediment samples were analyzed for heavy metals concentrations and physico-chemical parameters. Data obtained was interpreted using ten chemometric models and standards of the Federal Ministry of Environment as touchstone values. Approximately 100 % of water samples were contaminated as opposed to 40 % of sediment samples. Both water and sediments showed that Cd  as the highest contaminant with contamination factors of 38 and 1.52 respectively. Water revealed pollution load index higher than sediment probably due to its dissolution ability to metals. Geo accumulation index was observed to have highest value for Cd (45) at point A while Fe (> 4) at all points and same time the highest negative value. All points exhibited very high ecological risk (RI; 1112.7–1473.9) for water while sediments at those points showed low (RI Cd>Ag>Cr>Fe>Cu>Mn>Co>Ni. In conclusion, the water was polluted but good for irrigation use. However, continuous use could lead to health problems due to bioaccumulation of metals while sediments were generally not polluted and of good quality","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83420756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leachate Treatment of TPA Talang Gulo, Jambi City by Fenton method and adsorption","authors":"Endi Adriansyah, T. Agustina, S. Arita","doi":"10.24845/ijfac.v4.i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v4.i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK Lindi  adalah cairan yang ditimbulkan oleh sampah akibat masuknya air eksternal yang dapat melarutkan materi-materi terlarut, termasuk materi-materi organik hasil dekomposisi secara biologi. Lindi dari sebuah landfill (TPA) mengandung zat organik dan anorganik dalam konsentrasi yang tinggi. Dengan adanya gaya gravitasi maka lindi yang terbentuk akan bergerak ke dasar landfill (TPA) akan masuk ke dalam tanah dengan membawa bahan cemaran baik material tersuspensi maupun material terlarut yang dapat mencemari air tanah. Salah satu proses pengolahan lindi adalah dengan menggunakan reagen Fenton dan adsorpsi yang termasuk dalam teknologi Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). AOPs didasarkan pada pembentukan spesies yang sangat reaktif seperti radikal hidroksil (OH•) yang efektif untuk menurunkan COD, BOD dan TSS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah lindi menggunakan reagen Fenton dan adsorpsi serta mempelajari rasio molar Reagen Fenton dan  waktu pengadukan terhadap penurunan COD, BOD dan TSS. Pada penelitian ini lindi diolah selama 30-120 menit. Kondisi optimum dicapai pada rasio molar 1:200, waktu pengadukan 120 menit, dan adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif selama 120 menit dimana penurunan COD, BOD dan TSS maksimum yang dicapai berturut-turut 95%, 95% dan 92% dengan nilai konsentrasi akhir 96 mg/L, 25,5 mg/L% dan 90 mg/L. Kata Kunci: Lindi, Reagen Fenton, AOPs, COD, BOD, TSS ABSTRACT Leachate is a liquid generated by waste due to the entry of external water that can dissolve dissolved materials, including decomposition of organic matter biologically. Leachate from a landfill (TPA) contains organic and inorganic substances in high concentrations. by gravitational force, the leachate formed will move to the bottom of the landfill (TPA) and will enter the soil by carrying contaminated material, both suspended material and dissolved material that can pollute ground water. One of the leachate treatment processes is using Fenton reagent and adsorption. Fenton method included in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) technology. AOPs are based on the formation of highly reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals (OH•) which are effective for reducing COD and BOD. This study aims to treat leachate by using Fenton reagent and adsorption. The effect of reagent Fenton molar ratio and stirring time on degradation of COD, BOD and TSS were also investigated. In this study leachate was processed for 30-120 minutes. the optimum conditions were achieved at a molar ratio of 1: 200, stirring time of 120 minutes, and adsorption using 120 minutes of activated carbon where the maximum decrease in COD, BOD and TSS achieved was 95%, 95% and 92% with a final concentration of 96 mg/L, 25.5 mg/ L and 90 mg/ L. Keywords : Leachate, Fenton Reagent, AOPs, COD, BOD, TSS","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis of Vacuum Residue By Thermal and Catalytic Cracking Using Active Alumina Catalyst","authors":"Isnandar Yunanto, S. Haryati, M. D. Bustan","doi":"10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum Residue as feedstock derived from Pertamina Refinery Unit III was cracked in a fixed batch reactor under thermal and catalytic with single stage pyrolysis process using active alumina oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) as a catalyst. The catalytic pyrolysis process carried out at a temperature 450°C in the presence of a varied catalyst to feed ratio 0.5-2.5 w/w% and varied of reaction times 5-30 minutes. While the thermal process performed under same operating conditions without presence the catalyst. The effect of alumina catalyst ratio on quantity and quality of yield product, the effect of operating conditions (reaction times) on yield distribution has been investigated. As a result, the cracked products are liquid, gas and coke residue. The yield of liquid products was dominant, the highest catalyst ratio showed the highest yield of the liquid product reached 63.1 wt% and the lowest yield of coke residue by 24.75 wt%. The highest yield of gas by 23.9 wt% was found at minimum catalyst used by 0.5 wt%","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78718145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the controlled release of drugs from magnetic nanobiocomposites","authors":"T. Heinze, R. Müller, Mengbo Zhou, Martin Rabel, P. Warncke, D. Fischer","doi":"10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic nanocomposites are a class of smart materials that have attracted recent interest as drug delivery systems or as medical implants. In this study, meltable nanobiocomposites (NBC) composed of biocompatible dextran fatty acid ester and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) melting close to human body temperature were prepared and loaded with Rhodamine B (RhB) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as model drugs to evaluate their potential use as drug delivery system. The release of the model drugs from the magnetic NBC investigated under the influence of a high frequent alternating magnetic field (AMF, 20 kA/m at 400 kHz) showed that on-demand release is realized applying the external AMF. The NBC showed a long-term stability (28 d) of the incorporated iron oxide particles after incubation in artificial body fluids. This work reveals the potential of the NBC as a drug carrier.","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90461623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid Resistance Test of Probiotic Isolated from Silage Forage Swamp on In Vitro Digestive Tract","authors":"S. Sandi, M. Miksusanti, M. Sari, E. Sahara, A. Supriyadi, N. Gofar, Asmak Asmak","doi":"10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics are commonly used in poultry ration, and afterward these drug residues may persist in foods. There is an alternative source of antibiotics in poultry rations, one of which is using probiotics. Probiotics are living microorganisms capable of reaching the gastrointestinal tract and benefiting health, leaving no residue in the body. Probiotics can be originated from bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which produced lactic acid and antimicrobial components. LAB must be able to live in the digestive system with various pH condition. pH resistance testing of LAB was performed by introducing diluted bacteria into several buffer solutions with different pH and a predetermined incubation time, then was grown in MRS agar medium. This study was conducted to determine the resistance of LAB isolates as probiotics from silage forage swamp at different pH distributed in vitro digestant. The design used was a complete randomized design consist of 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were using isolate of Kumpai Tembaga silage (P1), isolate of 50% Kumpai Tembaga silage and 50% Kemon Air silage (P2), and isolate of Kemon Air silage (P3). The results showed that all isolates used were lactic acid bacteria, and the treatment significantly affected the value of LAB resistance test against low pH and high pH. Isolate from Kumpai Tembaga silage (P1) is a lactic acid bacterium with higher ability to survive in pH of in vitro digestive system.","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81967901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Fermentation Bran and Chitosan in Ration to Percentage of Tegal Duck Digestive Tract Weight","authors":"E. Sahara, S. Sandi, F. Yossi","doi":"10.24845/ijfac.v4.i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v4.i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Duck productivity is largely determined by the optimization of bodily functions. The food consumed greatly determines the development of digestive organs and internal organs of livestock. Digestive organs that are well developed and function optimally will be very decisive in turning feed into meat and eggs. Chitosan is a crustacean waste product known as animal fiber and is antimicrobial. Whereas fermented bran contains natural fiber rich in nutrients and is hypocholesterol. The aim of the study was to look at the role of chitosan and bran fermented on the weight percentage of digestive organs of ducks. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Each test consists of 2 ducks as a unit of experiment. The treatment is R0 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 20% bran without fermentation, R1 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 20% fermented bran, R2 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 19.5% fermented bran + 0.5% chitosan and R3 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 17.5% fermented + 2.5% chitosan bran. The variable measured is the weight percentage of the digestive organs (gizzard, small intestine and pancreas) in ducks. Data was processed using SAS Windows 16. The results showed that the administration of fermented chitosan and bran gave an average percentage of gizzard weight (ventriculus) and pancreatic weight percentage was not significantly different between treatments (P> 0.05), while treatment R1 (20% fermented bran) It was shown that the percentage of small intestine weight was higher (31.85%) than control R0.","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89161881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Silica Membranes from Fly Ash Coal of PT Semen Baturaja in Reducing Metal Content in Mine Acid Water","authors":"L. Trisnaliani, I. Purnamasari, Fatria Ahmadan","doi":"10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/IJFAC.V4.I1.09","url":null,"abstract":"Mine acid water has a high level of acidity as a result of oxidation of rocks containing pyrite and sulfide minerals from the remains of rocks exposed to oxygen in the water, which usually contain high metal content. One way to reduce the metal content in acid mine water is to use a silica membrane. In the study, silica membranes were made by extracting silica from fly ash by using two types of solvents or extractors, namely HCl and HNO 3.  T he adsorption time are 100 minutes, 120 minutes, and 140 minutes with the aim to find out which extractors can produce membranes with performance good and optimum time in the absorption of metal content from acid mine drainage. SEM analysis shows that there is no pore formed on the membrane. Based on the results of the analysis of the research conducted, it can be seen that the membrane with HCl extractor can work better in reducing metal content with optimum adsorption time in the 140th minute. Acid mine drainage also experienced a decrease in flux from 14.9283 L / m 2 hours to 6.8244 L / m 2 h for the membrane with HCl extractor and for HNO 3 membrane decreased from 11.9427 L / m 2 h to 7.6774 L / m 2 h. Keywords: Silica Membranes, Fly Ash Coal, Metal Content, Mine Acid Water, extractor","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87821681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Electrostatic Method","authors":"S. Susumu, R. Rusdianasari, Syahirman Yusi","doi":"10.24845/IJFAC.V3.I3.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/IJFAC.V3.I3.71","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel (methyl ester) produced from trans esterification of waste cooking oil is a potential material to replace diesel fuel. The biodiesel can be obtained by using electrostatic method equipped with fixed distance electrode 1.5 cm and voltage at 12 volts. Coagulation of particle process i.e. glycerin drops in biodieselglycerin mixture was based on electrical field. Reactants used were methanol over KOH catalyst and temperature was set at 60 C. The residence time was varied as well as methanol to waste cooking oil ratio. Analysis result shows the process was able to obtain yield up to 83.3%. The quality of biodiesel produced was tested and satisfy the requirement according to National Standard of Indonesia (SNI), i.e. density 0.8594 mg/mL (compared to SNI: 0.85-0.90 mg/mL), flash point 191 C (SNI min 100 C), water content 0.0342% (SNI max 0.05%) and viscosity at lower limit 2.31 cSt. According to SNI 7182-2015 the above value meets the specified standard.","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80734603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation of Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) Waste Using Lipolytic Fungi","authors":"Riezkatama Menangcaye, A. Napoleon, B. Yudono","doi":"10.24845/IJFAC.V3.I3.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/IJFAC.V3.I3.59","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to obtain the effectiveness level of bioremediation process of oil residue on SBE waste by using the isolates of lipolytic fungus Aspergilus fumigatus, Cylindrocladium sp and Fumago sp. This research was conducted by using completely randomized factorial design with 3 factors of treatment which consist of nutrient ratio (N:P:K) that were divided into three levels, namely n1=A(7:1.5:0.5), n2=B(14:3:1), n3=C(21:6:1.5). The humidity were divided into 3 levels treatment i.e. k1 (90%), k2 (80%), k3 (70%) and time that were divided into four levels, namely w1 (week 1), w2 (week 2), w3 (week 3), and w4 (week 4) with fixed pH i.e. pH 6, so that were obtained 36 combination of treatment and for each treatment combination repeated 3 times. Sampling of SBE waste was conducted in one cooking oil factory in South Sumatera using randomized sampling method as much as 24.000 g. The results showed that 80% humidity and nutrient A as the best treatment for lipolytic fungus consortium performance to degrade the SBE waste with the average percentage of oil degradation as much as 74.83%. 80% humidity and nutrient A was an effective interaction in affecting the percentage of oil degradation.","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90994252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil","authors":"Endang Sri Rahadianti, Yerizam Yerizam, M. Martha","doi":"10.24845/IJFAC.V3.I3.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24845/IJFAC.V3.I3.77","url":null,"abstract":"Increased energy consumption and the depletion of petroleum reserves have pushed up oil prices globally. The diminishing petroleum reserves are a problem inherent in this type of fossil energy. One alternative energy source that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia is biodiesel. Used cooking oil or used cooking oil is a potential raw material for making biodiesel. In this study biodiesel was made from used cooking oil and methanol using the transesterification method with KOH catalyst. The production of biodiesel from used cooking oil begins with mixing raw materials of used cooking oil collected into one. The mixture is then precipitated for 24 hours. The transesterification process was carried out by mixing KOH (1% of oil weight) with methanol (ratio of methanol: oil 6: 1) at a temperature of 65 oC. After the temperature is reached, the methanol and KOH solution is added slowly while pumping (stirring), with a variation of time 30, 45, 60.75 and 90 minutes. Biodiesel purification is done by washing using hot water (temperature 70 C) twice as much washing. Characteristics of biodiesel based on the best conditions for density 0.886 g / mL, viscosity 5.89 cSt, FFA 0.11% , acid value 0.256 mgKOH/g and flash point 170.52 oC. The biodiesel products based on these parameters meet SNI 7182-2015 standards.","PeriodicalId":31600,"journal":{"name":"IJFAC Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82122843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}