Translational Journal of the ACSM最新文献

{"title":"School-Day Physical Activity and Academic Achievement: Mediators Among US Elementary Students","authors":"P. Elish, Cassandra S. Bryan, Peter Boedeker, Emilie R. Saksvig, Hannah G. Calvert, Christi M. Kay, Adria M. Meyer, J. Gazmararian","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose It is recommended that children get 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. Previous research on MVPA’s effect on academic achievement (AA) is inconclusive, and few studies have investigated the relationship’s mediators. This study assessed whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) mediate the school-based MVPA–AA relationship. Methods Grade 4 students (n = 4936) were recruited in 40 elementary schools from a large, diverse US public school district. Students wore accelerometers measuring school-day MVPA for 15 d across three semesters. Academic performance data were collected from grades 3 to 5, and CRF and BMI were measured in grades 4 and 5. Multilevel modeling assessed whether BMI and CRF were mediators in the cross-sectional and longitudinal MVPA–AA relationship. Stratified analyses assessed differences in mediation by sex. Results Cross-sectional analyses found that school-day MVPA had a significant positive indirect effect through higher CRF for various teacher-assigned course grades and English language arts standardized test scores (all P < 0.001). Cross-sectional analyses found no significant mediation through BMI. Longitudinal analyses found that a 10-min increase in daily grade 4 school-day MVPA was associated with higher CRF with 0.16-, 0.09-, and 0.14-point increases in grade 5 math, reading, and writing grades, respectively (all P < 0.001). Decreased grade 4 BMI mediated a 0.06-point increase and 0.05-point increase for grade 5 math and writing grades, respectively (both P < 0.001). The total effect of school-day MVPA on AA was negative but negligible in practical terms. Stratified analyses found more evidence for positive indirect effects through CRF among females. Conclusions School-day MVPA can positively impact AA through increased CRF and (to a lesser extent) lowered BMI, but the effect is negligible. The negative total effects and positive indirect effects suggest that there are other unmeasured mediators. It remains important for schools to protect school-based physical activity given its health benefits.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"67 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120928129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Group-Based, Videoconference-Delivered Physical Activity Program for Cancer Survivors","authors":"H. Leach, Mary E. Crisafio, Matthew J. Howell, A. Nicklawsky, Ryan J. Marker","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Virtually supervised, group-based exercise presents an innovative way to expand the reach of exercise-oncology programs and help cancer survivors increase physical activity (PA) and connect with other participants. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a group-based PA program delivered exclusively using videoconferencing software. Methods This study used a single-group pre–post design. The 8-wk program consisted of aerobic and resistance exercise sessions once per week and three PA behavior change discussion sessions in groups of four to six. Feasibility was determined by enrollment, retention, safety, and adherence. Postprogram surveys evaluated acceptability using a Likert scale and open-ended responses. Changes in PA (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire), quality of life (QOL; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General), and upper and lower body muscular endurance (bicep curl and sit-to-stand test) were also evaluated. Results Enrollment was feasible (n = 61 of 65 who expressed interest in the program), and retention (86.9%) and adherence (88% for exercise, 91% for discussion) were high; no adverse events were reported. Participants (mean age, 59.9 ± 10.1 yr; 96.2% female; 64.2% ovarian cancer, 28.3% breast cancer, 7.5% other cancer) reported they enjoyed the program (median, 7 of 7), and videoconferencing software was easy to use and had good video and audio quality (median, 5 of 5). From preprogram to postprogram, participants increased their weekly minutes of aerobic (mean (SD) change, 82.4 (144.2)) and resistance (mean (SD) change, 31.9 (42.7)) PA; sit-to-stand (mean (SD) change, 1.4 (3.9)) and bicep curl (mean (SD) change, 5.3 (6.8)) repetitions; and emotional (mean (SD) change, 0.82 (2.3) points), functional (mean (SD) change, 1.2 (3.6) points), and total QOL (mean (SD) change, 3 (7.9) points; all P < 0.05). Conclusions A group-based PA program delivered using videoconference technology is feasible and acceptable for cancer survivors, and may increase PA and improve physical fitness and some aspects of QOL. A larger, controlled intervention is needed to determine efficacy, as well as pragmatic studies to directly compare this approach with conventional strategies (i.e., face-to-face programs).","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130205126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ACSM American Fitness Index: Using Data to Identify Opportunities to Support Physical Activity","authors":"T. Zollinger, B. Ainsworth, W. Thompson, S. Volpe, N. Keith, Gretchen S. Patch, Jessica M. Coffing, L. Craft","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since 2008, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) American Fitness Index program has provided data, materials, resources, and connections to help city officials, public health professionals, and community-based organizations assess the fitness of their residents, identify opportunities to improve health outcomes, and enable physically active lifestyles. The purpose of this article was to describe the development and methods used to create the annual scores and rankings for the Fitness Index. Fitness Index indicators were originally selected by ACSM content experts and other nationally recognized fitness experts who understood the importance of community assets to improve health behaviors and outcomes. Indicator values for the 100 largest US cities were gathered from reputable, regularly updated, publicly available data sources. Indicator values for the cities were ranked, weighted, and combined into a personal health subscore, a community/environment subscore, and a total score that were then ranked from the most fit (rank 1) to least fit (rank 100) cities. Fitness Index indicators are reviewed by ACSM content experts and updated annually to ensure the Fitness Index stays true to its goal. Strengths of the Fitness Index include the use of multiple indicators related to the health and behaviors of residents as well as community assets and policies. Some data limitations for the Fitness Index include sample variability from year to year, use of self-reported survey data with well-known biases and variability, and lack of availability of important data indicators. The annual summary report suggests how these rankings and data can be translated into action within cities. Additional resources for the American Fitness Index, including an interactive tool that allows comparison of indicator values among cities, are available online.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129504858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Size, Power, and V̇O2max in Active Adults","authors":"K. M. Bradley, J. Bunn, Y. Feito, Bradley J. Myers","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000219","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of isovolumetric training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle hypertrophy, power, strength, and aerobic capacity. Methods Twenty participants (30.2 ± 7.7 yr, 69.6 ± 15.0 kg, 166.8 ± 7.3 cm) were randomized to a control (n = 11) or BFR group (n = 9). Testing sessions included measurement of bilateral thigh circumference, cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris via ultrasound imaging, determination of maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) and power output via rowing, and estimated one-repetition maximum (1-RM) deadlift. Participants trained twice weekly for 4 wk. The BFR group (applied to thighs bilaterally at 80% occlusion) rowed at 40% maximum power output and lifted 30% 1-RM for 1 × 20 reps and 3 × 10 reps. The control group rowed at 80% power and lifted 60% 1-RM for 1 × 10 reps and 3 × 5 reps. Results Analyses indicated a main effect over time (P = 0.001) for power (P = 0.001), cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis and biceps femoris bilaterally (P = 0.001 for both), and V̇O2max (P = 0.003), indicating that both groups improved over time. Results also indicated that the control group had higher ratings of perceived exertion than the BFR group during training (P = 0.04). Conclusions The two types of training did not produce different results, except the BFR group had a higher output in maximum power. BFR training can be a feasible option for individuals unable to train at 60%–80% of maximum allowing for progressive rehabilitation with lower intensity.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114708765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Aquatic Exercise Training on Physical Performance and Mood States in Male Collegiate Soccer Players","authors":"Ryoma Michishita, T. Hide, Shotaro Kawakami, Yuta Kanegawa, Kohei Takayanagi, Masahiro Inui, Y. Uehara, Y. Higaki","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose This study investigated the effects of aquatic exercise training on the physical performance and mood states of male collegiate soccer players. Methods Twenty male collegiate soccer players (age 19.9 ± 0.9 yr) performed aquatic exercise training composed of warm-up exercises, high-intensity interval training, resistance training using tools, and cooldown activities. Training was performed for 30 min·d−1, twice per week for 11 wk. Participants were randomly allocated to the training or control groups (n = 10 each). The participants’ anthropometric measurements, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, change of direction, endurance performance, and mood states were assessed at baseline and after the 11-wk intervention period. Results After the intervention, the ROM of the shoulder and hip joints and the isokinetic and back muscle strength increased in the training group (P < 0.05 each). Significant group–time interaction effects was observed between the two groups in the ROM of the shoulder and hip joints and in isokinetic and back muscle strength (P < 0.05 each). The Profile of Mood States, Second Edition vigor–activity scores increased in the training group (19.3 ± 6.4 to 24.5 ± 5.6 points, P = 0.007), and a significant interaction effect for group–time was observed for vigor–activity between the two groups (P = 0.005). Conclusions These results suggest that aquatic exercise training helps improve ROM, muscle strength, and mood in male collegiate soccer players.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134505262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running-Related Injuries Captured Using Wearable Technology during a Cross-Country Season: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Alexandra F. DeJong Lempke, J. Hart, David J. Hryvniak, Jordan S. Rodu, J. Hertel","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Running-related injuries are prevalent among competitive runners. In a previous prospective descriptive assessment of in situ running biomechanics in collegiate cross-country athletes, a subset of athletes developed repetitive stress lower extremity injuries during study participation. The purpose of this preliminary, observational study was to assess sensor-derived biomechanics in the several days leading up to injury (n = 8; 4 female, 4 male) compared with runners who remained healthy (n = 14; 9 female, 5 male) over a single cross-country season. Methods Wearable sensors were used to collect running biomechanics during two weekly runs, and surveys were used to capture wellness and injury. Individual z scores of biomechanical measures were assessed for runners who developed injuries and compared against healthy male and female z scores. Results Of the eight injuries, four were categorized as bone stress injuries (three female, one male), and four as soft tissue injuries (one female, three male). Bone injury cases had increased contact time, loading, and pronation, and decreased cadence and stride length preceding injury. Hamstring injury cases (n = 2) had increased stride length, whereas foot and ankle soft tissue injuries had increased pronation velocity and decreased shock and braking. Conclusions This assessment of injury cases illuminates several biomechanical patterns associated with running-related injury development. This study sets the precedent for larger-scale prospective running-related injury evaluations.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122270725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Physical Activity among LGBTQ+ College Students","authors":"Ginny M. Frederick, K. Bub, E. Evans","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000216","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) community experience health disparities in part due to health behaviors, including physical activity (PA). This cross-sectional study explored perceived benefits and barriers to PA, an important health behavior for both physical and mental health, among LGBTQ+ college students using quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods College students identifying as LGBTQ+ (n = 47) were assessed for PA via accelerometry and completed the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS). Six focus groups (4–8 participants each) provided qualitative descriptions of perceived benefits and barriers to PA. Results PA guidelines (aerobic and resistance training) were met by ~30% of participants. Qualitative descriptions aligned with EBBS subscales of general benefits and barriers to PA. General minority stress, perceived stigma, internalized homophobia, and discrimination and violence emerged as themes related to the experienced barriers. Furthermore, effects of PA on body shape, focus on aesthetics in the LGBTQ+ community, the importance of physically active LGBTQ+ role models, deviance from social or gender norms related to PA, and same-sex relationships and body image were additional concerns related to LGBTQ+ identity. Conclusions Qualitative responses indicate that LGBTQ+ college students perceive general benefits and barriers to PA. Barriers to engaging in sufficient PA due to minority stress and concerns related to identity as LGBTQ+ were evident. These findings can be used to develop tailored health promotion programs on college campuses to address the barriers to PA faced by LGBTQ+ students. More research is needed in the college-aged LGBTQ+ community to build robust PA health promotion efforts to enhance inclusivity and reduce health disparities.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124916109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a Supervised Virtual Exercise Program for Women on Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer","authors":"S. Myers, S. Weller, Sarah Schwartz, Cheri L. Van Patten, N. LeVasseur, G. Faulkner, K. Campbell","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000213","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Adjuvant endocrine therapy significantly improves survival in women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer and is typically administered for 5 yr or longer. Adverse treatment side effects, including arthralgias, reduce treatment adherence and physical activity levels. Aerobic and resistance exercise is one strategy to decrease treatment side effects and improve treatment adherence. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of a virtually delivered exercise program for women receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy as part of breast cancer treatment. Methods This is a single-arm pilot study with recruitment by self-referral or oncologist referral of female breast cancer survivors. To adapt to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions, a supervised strength and aerobic group exercise program was delivered virtually twice weekly via Zoom over 6 wk. Feasibility was evaluated based on a priori targets specific to program recruitment (>30% recruitment ratio), transition to virtual delivery (>75%), attendance (>70% virtual session attendance), attrition (<30% dropout), and fidelity of group belongingness (average score ≥15 on belongingness questionnaire) at the end of the program. Physical function (30-s chair stand test), quality of life RAND Short-Form 36-item test, and medication adherence (Voils Domains of Subjective Extent of Nonadherence) were assessed at baseline and 6 wk. Results A total of 24 participants completed the program. All feasibility measures were met. Statistically significant changes were found in physical function (P < 0.001), self-reported energy/fatigue (P < 0.001), emotional well-being (P < 0.001), and pain (P = 0.01). There was also a positive trend toward improvement in patient-reported medication adherence (17%). Conclusion A 6-wk supervised strength and aerobic group exercise intervention delivered virtually was feasible and improved physical function, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, and pain. The trend toward improvement in adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy should be explored further. These findings provide preliminary data to inform a future appropriately powered trial on exercise and physical function using a virtual platform that has the potential for greater reach.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"105 1-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124457821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running Every Time, Planking Sometimes: Youth Adherence to a Neuromuscular Training Program","authors":"A. Räisänen, C. van den Berg, O. Owoeye, C. Mckay, C. Emery","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Neuromuscular training warm-up programs are effective in reducing sport and recreation injuries when adherence is adequate. To understand how to improve adherence, it is important to analyze different measures of adherence, such as the utilization of different exercises and components. Methods The intervention arm of a randomized controlled trial in junior high school hysical education (PE) was included in this study. After one school was excluded because of inadequate adherence data, five schools (32 classes) were analyzed. For 12 wk, the schools implemented the Implementing a School Prevention Program to Reduce Injuries Through Neuromuscular Training (iSPRINT) program comprising 15 exercises in four components (aerobic, agility, strength, balance). Utilization fidelity, cumulative utilization (program/component/exercise), and utilization frequency (program/component) were calculated. Results An iSPRINT session was conducted (i.e., ≥1 exercise out of 15 was performed) during 858 out of 1572 (54.6%) PE classes. Utilization fidelity was 13 (Q1, Q3: 7, 14) out of 15 exercises. Between the five schools, utilization fidelity ranged from 5 to 14 exercises. The most frequently utilized exercise was the forward run (96% of all iSPRINT sessions), and the least frequently utilized exercise was forward running with intermittent stops (36%). Utilization frequency of different exercises in individual schools varied from 9% to 100%. On average, the program was conducted twice a week. Out of all the iSPRINT sessions, 98% included aerobic, 89% included agility, 90% included strength, and 78% included balance exercises. Conclusions On average, the schools adhered well to the program, and all components were implemented to some extent. This indicates that there are no program components or exercises that are systematically underperformed. With adherence varying between the schools, it is important to take into account that the implementation context may differ across school environments and barriers to maximizing adherence require consideration.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133096893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport-Specific Crossover Point Differences during a Maximal Oxygen Consumption Test","authors":"J. Stanzione, G. Brooks, M. Bruneau, D. French, J. Nasser, Sinclair A. Smith, S. Volpe","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000206","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose The crossover point occurs during exercise when one transitions energy substrates from fat to carbohydrate predominance. The crossover point varies in an intensity-dependent manner; however, less is known about its specificity in sports with varying metabolic demands. The purpose of our study was to determine if various sports yield differences in the time to crossover and heart rate and percentage of maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) at crossover during a standardized exercise protocol. Methods A total of 77 athletes (39 women, 38 men; 39.1 ± 10.4 yr of age) were measured for respiratory exchange ratio during a modified Taylor V˙O2max treadmill test. Sports included running (n = 20), triathlon (n = 20), rowing (n = 20), and CrossFit (n = 17). A one-way ANOVA determined differences in time to crossover. A Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to determine differences between sport types for percent V˙O2max and heart rate at crossover. Bonferroni correction procedures were used to control the family-wise error rate and maintain alpha levels at P < 0.05. Results Average time to crossover for all athletes was 3:43 ± 1:12 min. Times to crossover for runners, triathletes, rowers, and CrossFit athletes were 4:16 ± 0:58, 3:28 ± 1:08, 4:00 ± 1:23, and 3:01 ± 0:58 min, respectively. Significant differences were observed between groups for time to crossover (P = 0.007) and percent V˙O2max at crossover (P = 0.01). Pairwise analyses revealed that runners had a significantly longer time to crossover compared with CrossFit athletes (P = 0.009). Triathletes’ percent V˙O2max at crossover was significantly lower than rowers (P = 0.04) and runners (P = 0.04). Conclusions We found significant differences in time to crossover between runners and CrossFit athletes, which suggests that substrate use may be dependent on sport type.","PeriodicalId":315896,"journal":{"name":"Translational Journal of the ACSM","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}