Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes最新文献_第6页

Nutrición en el paciente oncológico, una mirada práctica: desde el tamizaje a la terapia nutricional 癌症患者的营养：从筛查到营养治疗的实践视角

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.007

Claudia Riveros Skiriving MD, Juan Carlos Vega MD

{"title":"Nutrición en el paciente oncológico, una mirada práctica: desde el tamizaje a la terapia nutricional","authors":"Claudia Riveros Skiriving MD, Juan Carlos Vega MD","doi":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrition in patients with cancer is a topic of great interest, as cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of death in Chile. In cancer patients, especially those with gastrointestinal or head and neck cancers, malnutrition is a major complication that significantly affects quality of life. It reduces the immune response, hinders tolerance to antineoplastic treatment, and decreases survival rates, in addition to increasing postoperative complications, hospital stays, and healthcare costs. Malnutrition has a multifactorial effect due to factors that depend on the individual and the type of cancer. Malnutrition and muscle wasting are associated with a poorer quality of life, can lead to reduced doses of antineoplastic drugs or radiotherapy, increase hospital stays, and contribute to approximately 20% of mortality.</div><div>Despite its high prevalence and well-known negative effects, malnutrition remains underdiagnosed. Patients diagnosed with cancer often seek information on social media, from friends, and from pseudoscientists, and frequently consume over-thecounter supplements and vitamins, which can lead to misinformation and worsen their condition. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role before, during, and after a cancer diagnosis.</div><div>This article focuses on nutritional management, including the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition in adult cancer patients. It provides practical tools for general practitioners, family physicians, and medical or surgical oncology specialists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":31544,"journal":{"name":"Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 213-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147801634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Hacia la eliminación del cáncer cervicouterino: ¿Abrirá Chile el camino para América Latina? 消除子宫颈癌：智利会为拉丁美洲铺平道路吗？

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.011

gina merino-pereira MSc, PhD(c) , Roberto Altamirano MD, MSc , Juan Herrera Burott MSc

{"title":"Hacia la eliminación del cáncer cervicouterino: ¿Abrirá Chile el camino para América Latina?","authors":"gina merino-pereira MSc, PhD(c) , Roberto Altamirano MD, MSc , Juan Herrera Burott MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five years after the implementation of the WHO Global Strategy for the Elimination of Cervical Cancer, Chile has demonstrated relevant progress across its three core pillars: immunization, screening, and treatment.</div><div>This review analyzes the current national landscape, identifying achievements, gaps, and opportunities to meet the established coverage targets (90% vaccination, 70% screening, and 90% timely treatment).</div><div>From an epidemiological perspective, mortality has decreased by 41.6% between 2002 and 2023; however, the disease continues to represent a significant burden. In immunization, the implementation of school-based programs since 2014 has enabled coverage to reach 86.2% among girls under 15 years of age by 2024. In screening, a gradual transition from cytology to HPV testing is observed, although coverage remains low (≈10%) and access inequities persist; in this context, self-sampling emerges as a promising strategy. PAP smear coverage remains close to 60%, with variability depending on the data source. Regarding treatment, although services are available and aligned with international standards, limitations persist in referral times and timely access to care.</div><div>In conclusion, Chile has the structural and regulatory capacity to advance toward cervical cancer elimination; however, it must strengthen effective, equitable, and measurable coverage—particularly in screening and treatment—while improving territorial equity and consolidating a person-centered approach to care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":31544,"journal":{"name":"Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 139-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147801683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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“Árbol de la Vida” 生命之树

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.014

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Rol del químico farmacéutico en la oncología 药物化学在肿瘤学中的作用

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.009

Rocío Belén Solervicens Turesso RPh

{"title":"Rol del químico farmacéutico en la oncología","authors":"Rocío Belén Solervicens Turesso RPh","doi":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustained increase in the global cancer burden, with projections exceeding 35 million new cases by 2050, together with the growing complexity of modern oncologic treatments, has positioned the Oncology Pharmacist as an essential member of the multidisciplinary healthcare team. This review aimed to analyze the evolution of this role, highlighting its current relevance beyond medication dispensing, and its contribution to patient safety and the optimization of clinical outcomes in oncology.</div><div>Based on a review of the available scientific literature, this study describes how the role of the Oncology Pharmacist has evolved from functions primarily focused on prescription validation and safe dispensing within hospital pharmacy settings to active participation in clinical decision-making. Currently, their responsibilities are structured into three main areas: Clinical Pharmacy, involving therapy individualization and pharmacotherapeutic follow-up; Oncology Pharmacy, focused on the safe preparation and handling of antineoplastic agents; and Pharmacovigilance, aimed at the detection, prevention, and management of adverse drug reactions.</div><div>In conclusion, the Oncology Pharmacist has become an indispensable specialist in response to the rising incidence of cancer and the increasing complexity of treatments. Their role is comprehensive, spanning from drug research and development to the monitoring of adverse effects, with the primary goal of ensuring safe and effective therapies. In Chile, although progress has been made in the implementation of clinical pharmaceutical services, achieving formal recognition of Oncology Pharmacy as a specialty remains an ongoing challenge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":31544,"journal":{"name":"Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147801637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Actualización en la clasificación de las epilepsias y síndromes epilépticos 癫痫和癫痫综合征分类的更新

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.02.001

Felipe Castro-Villablanca MD

{"title":"Actualización en la clasificación de las epilepsias y síndromes epilépticos","authors":"Felipe Castro-Villablanca MD","doi":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders. Given that its diagnosis is primarily clinical and based on the medical history obtained during the clinical interview, the scientific community periodically updates its classifications to standardize terminology worldwide, enhance the communication of findings, and improve the comparative evaluation of therapeutic interventions.</div><div>The 2017 epilepsy classification published by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposes a three-level hierarchical diagnostic framework, according to the information available—clinical history, neurophysiological studies, and neuroimaging. The first level corresponds to seizure types (focal, generalized, or unknown onset); the second, to epilepsy types (focal, generalized, combined, or unknown); and the third, to epilepsy syndromes, organized into subgroups based on age at onset, presence of encephalopathy, and prognosis, including both seizure control and cognitive outcomes.</div><div>Furthermore, this classification underscores the importance of early etiological investigation, given its implications for therapeutic decision-making and prognosis. The aim of this article is to review the current classification of epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes, its conceptual foundations, and potential future modifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":31544,"journal":{"name":"Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes","volume":"37 1","pages":"Pages 8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147549950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluación neuropsicológica en el paciente con epilepsia. Revisión narrativa 癫痫患者的神经心理学评价。修订故事

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.01.001

Carolina Pérez-Jara Ps, MSc , Yasna Ruiz-Díaz Ps

引用次数: 0

Revisión en base a un caso sobre el uso y potencial de la estereoelectroencefalografía 立体脑电图的使用和潜力的个案审查

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.02.006

José Ignacio Otayza MD , Andrés Horlacher MD , Francesca Solari MD

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Psicoterapia CALM (“Manejar el cáncer y vivir con sentido”): una intervención breve para el apoyo emocional en personas con cáncer avanzado CALM心理治疗（“癌症管理和有意义的生活”）：为晚期癌症患者提供情感支持的短期干预

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.01.004

Loreto Fernández-González Ps, PhD

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Estudio pre-quirúrgico en pacientes candidatos a cirugía de epilepsia 癫痫手术候选患者的术前研究

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.02.005

Felipe Castro-Villablanca MD

{"title":"Estudio pre-quirúrgico en pacientes candidatos a cirugía de epilepsia","authors":"Felipe Castro-Villablanca MD","doi":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2026.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 37% of patients with epilepsy are refractory to pharmacological treatment. In these cases, alternative therapeutic strategies should be considered, including epilepsy surgery. Prior to any intervention, a comprehensive evaluation is essential to determine surgical feasibility, define the objective of the procedure (curative or palliative), and estimate the associated risks.</div><div>First-line presurgical assessment includes a detailed clinical history, ictal and interictal video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T or 3T using an epilepsy-specific protocol, and a neuropsychological evaluation. In most cases, this information is sufficient to establish an appropriate surgical plan.</div><div>In patients in whom a well-defined epileptogenic zone cannot be precisely localized, or where adequate safety margins from eloquent cortex cannot be ensured, additional studies are required. These may include nuclear medicine imaging—such as interictal PET-CT and/or ictal SPECT—to improve localization of the epileptogenic focus, genetic testing to identify pathogenic variants associated with malformations of cortical development, and functional mapping techniques aimed at preserving critical cortical areas and minimizing postoperative neurological deficits.</div><div>All findings must be carefully integrated and discussed within a multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery conference. Finally, in highly selected patients in whom noninvasive studies fail to adequately define the epileptogenic zone, invasive monitoring with intracranial electrodes may be necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":31544,"journal":{"name":"Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes","volume":"37 1","pages":"Pages 57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147549891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

La influencia de la arquitectura greco-romana en la nomenclatura neuroanatómica 希腊-罗马建筑对神经解剖学命名的影响

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Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2025.12.008

Marcelo Gálvez MD , Valentina Gálvez

{"title":"La influencia de la arquitectura greco-romana en la nomenclatura neuroanatómica","authors":"Marcelo Gálvez MD , Valentina Gálvez","doi":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmclc.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of Greco-Roman architecture on neuroanatomical nomenclature dates back more than 2,500 years, when structures of the human body were named according to their resemblance to architectural elements. During antiquity, anatomical terminology developed in Greek and Latin, laying the foundations for modern medical nomenclature. This article explores the relationship between architectural and neuroanatomical elements, highlighting structures such as the atrium, thalamus, clinoid processes, insula, pons, fornix, aqueduct, and pulvinar.</div><div>The analysis includes their architectural origins, historical evolution, and impact on neuroanatomy. For example, the thalamus—derived from a Greek term referring to an inner chamber or alcove—is a central structure of the diencephalon involved in sensory transmission. The pulvinar, first described in 1786 by Vicq d’Azyr and named by Burdach in 1817, refers to an elevated tribune used in Roman public games, while the pons of the brainstem reflects its role as a connecting structure between different regions of the brain, analogous to Roman bridges.</div><div>These terms not only demonstrate the enduring legacy of Greco-Roman culture in medicine but also highlight how architecture and neuroanatomy share a structural vision grounded in form and function. Through references to historical texts and literature, this article illustrates how these concepts have transcended their original contexts and become firmly established in contemporary medical language.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":31544,"journal":{"name":"Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes","volume":"37 1","pages":"Pages 101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147549892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0