Levente Csikor, Márk Szalay, Balázs Sonkoly, László Toka
{"title":"NFPA: Network function performance analyzer","authors":"Levente Csikor, Márk Szalay, Balázs Sonkoly, László Toka","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387395","url":null,"abstract":"With the soar of Software Defined Networking planning a network service becomes harder of a task than ever before. Selecting traditional network elements that provide the best value for money given the performance requirements and the allocated budget is not the only option today: one might also take the software solution on generic hardware alternative. The problem is that the set of available solutions and the possible combinations of software and hardware components in this nowadays' alternative is frustratingly vast while the decision maker lacks any clear benchmarking comparison between the existing options. Our solution presented in this paper provides an answer to this critical need: we propose a benchmarking tool that allows the user to measure the important performance metrics of any network function realized on any hardware and software combination, and then to compare the results on a web interface with those of all the setups collected in our database.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125344900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Maqbool, Muhammad Sohaib Ayub, Junaid Zulfiqar, A. Shafi
{"title":"Virtual TCAM for Data Center switches","authors":"Q. Maqbool, Muhammad Sohaib Ayub, Junaid Zulfiqar, A. Shafi","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387407","url":null,"abstract":"Software Defined Data Center Networks utilize a large number of rules to define routes for network flows. SDN controllers install rules at each switch in order to maximize metrics such as efficiency, delay or energy consumption. This requires each switch to store a substantial number of rules, which is not possible for current Top-of-Rack (ToR) switches as they usually have capacities of 2-4k rules. In this paper we present T-Flex (short for flexible TCAM), a technique for implementing virtual TCAM for data center switches. T-Flex can enhance the rule storage capabilities of a switch by up to 10x, and can forward incoming flows at line rate under most circumstances. Moreover, it provides full OpenFlow compatibility for use in SDN environments, and has been tested to work on a data center production grade Intel switch. Designed as an extension to virtual switches, T-Flex can provide the illusion of an unlimited TCAM in a data center switch.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128999804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Mohammadkhan, Guyue Liu, Wei Zhang, K. Ramakrishnan, Timothy Wood
{"title":"Protocols to support autonomy and control for NFV in software defined networks","authors":"Ali Mohammadkhan, Guyue Liu, Wei Zhang, K. Ramakrishnan, Timothy Wood","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387422","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Network Function Virtualization to run network services in software enables Software Defined Networks to create a largely software-based network. We envision a dynamic and flexible network that can support a smarter data plane than just simple switches that forward packets. This network architecture needs to support complex stateful routing of flows where processing by network functions (NFs) can dynamically modify the path taken by flows, without unduly burdening or depending on the centralized SDN controller. To this end, we specify a protocol across the different components of an SDN-NFV environment to support the creation of NFs required by a service graph specification, using an orchestrator speaking to an NF Manager running on each host. We take advantage of, and extend, the concept of the SDN controller-to-node protocol (OpenFlow being the most popular) and tagging flows to support complex stateful routing. Output generated by NFs processing packets may be returned to the NF Manager to influence dynamic route changes based on a priori rules defined through a service graph specification provided by network administrators. We envisage the SDN controller setting up these rules based on the output from NFs, the flow specification as well as global tags. By not treating tags as an independent component for routing, we show that we can dramatically reduce the number of tags required across the entire network. Further, by providing the right autonomy in decision making at the NF Manager and the individual NFs in our hierarchical control framework, we significantly reduce the load on the SDN controller.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129941667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balázs Pinczel, Daniel Gehberger, Z. Turányi, B. Formanek
{"title":"Towards high performance packet processing for 5G","authors":"Balázs Pinczel, Daniel Gehberger, Z. Turányi, B. Formanek","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387408","url":null,"abstract":"Network Functions Virtualization aims to implement networking functions in the cloud - even the ones working on the user plane. This is envisioned by decomposing today's monolithic devices into smaller functions and re-composing them real-time. This enables flexibility and independent innovation, but may come at a performance price. In this paper we investigate the performance aspects of composing user plane functions. We have developed a prototype for mobile service chaining to experiment with the function call based composition method provided by the Click modular router. The prototype allows flexible management of feature sets, including the support for relocating user chains using context transfer. We provide a thorough performance evaluation, draw conclusions and propose a versatile execution environment, which combines various composition and processing methods in order to achieve high performance packet processing for 5G networks.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121073205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"End-to-end network service lifecycle demonstration","authors":"Jason Hunt, C. Hale, Jochen Kappel","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387393","url":null,"abstract":"Virtualization of network elements and the transition from embedded systems requires an extension of the existing paradigm of software lifecycle development and management to what traditionally has been done for each embedded system. In this paper IBM will cover the end-to-end design of such systems such that they can deliver deterministic, repeatable services in both a hybrid and fully virtualized network.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"470 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121639267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GNFC: Towards network function cloudification","authors":"Richard Cziva, Simon Jouet, D. Pezaros","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387419","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing demand is seen from enterprises to host and dynamically manage middlebox services in public clouds in order to leverage the same benefits that network functions provide in traditional, in-house deployments. However, today's public clouds provide only a limited view and programmability for tenants that challenges flexible deployment of transparent, software-defined network functions. Moreover, current virtual network functions can't take full advantage of a virtualized cloud environment, limiting scalability and fault tolerance. In this paper we review and evaluate the current infrastructural limitations imposed by public cloud providers and present the design and implementation of GNFC, a cloud-based Network Function Virtualization (NFV) framework that gives tenants the ability to transparently attach stateless, container-based network functions to their services hosted in public clouds. We evaluate the proposed system over three public cloud providers (Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure and Google Compute Engine) and show the effects on end-to-end latency and throughput using various instance types for NFV hosts.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"17 36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126055095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenichi Futamura, A. Karasaridis, E. Noel, P. Reeser, Ashwin Sridharan, Carolyn R. Johnson, P. Velardo
{"title":"vDNS closed-loop control: A framework for an elastic control plane service","authors":"Kenichi Futamura, A. Karasaridis, E. Noel, P. Reeser, Ashwin Sridharan, Carolyn R. Johnson, P. Velardo","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387423","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) promise great efficiencies in deploying and operating new services, in terms of performance, resiliency and cost. However, today most operational VNF clouds are still generally static after their initial instantiation, thus not realizing many of the potential benefits of virtualization and enhanced orchestration. In this paper, we explore a large-scale operational instantiation of a virtual Domain Name System (vDNS) and present an analytical framework and platform to improve its efficiency during normal and adverse network traffic conditions, such as those caused by Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks and site failures. Using dynamic virtual machine instantiation, we show that under normal daily cycles we can run vDNS resolvers at higher target load, increasing the transactional efficiency of the underlying hardware by more than 10%, and improving client latency due to lower recursion rates. We demonstrate a method of reducing reaction time and service impacts due to malicious network traffic, such as during a DDoS event, by automatically redeploying virtual resources at selected nodes in the network. We quantify the tradeoff between spare hardware costs and latency under site failures, taking advantage of SDN controller-based flow redirection. This work is part of AT&T's ongoing network transformation through network function virtualization (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), and enhanced orchestration.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131198424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the performance of SDN controllers: A reality check","authors":"Yimeng Zhao, L. Iannone, M. Riguidel","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387410","url":null,"abstract":"In the Software Defined Network (SDN) ecosystem, the controller remains the cornerstone of the architecture and the critical point of its success. That is why performance concerns have existed throughout the history of SDN and controller development. This paper aims at making a reality check on the current performance achieved by mainstream open source controllers. The measurements are carried out in a controlled environment, where each controller is tested with its own optimized configuration, on the one hand allowing measuring peak performance, while, on the other hand allowing obtaining fair and reproducible results. Furthermore, besides optimizing the controller configuration, the system wide settings have been also tuned so as to maximize performance. From this comprehensive evaluation, advice on selecting and deploying controllers in real scenarios is derived.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126343901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NFV-VITAL: A framework for characterizing the performance of virtual network functions","authors":"Lianjie Cao, P. Sharma, S. Fahmy, Vinay Saxena","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387412","url":null,"abstract":"Network Function Virtualization (NFV) brings a cloud service automation paradigm to demand-driven elastic flexing of infrastructure resources. Thus, it is essential to characterize the impact of hardware and virtualization options on the virtual network function (VNF) performance, and on the load on underlying infrastructure. In this paper, we present VNF characterization case studies with three sample open-source VNF platforms, the Clearwater IMS VNF and two intrusion detection system VNFs (Snort and Suricata). We demonstrate that VNF characterization is vital for optimizing VNF performance, as well as efficient utilization of infrastructure resources. We use the lessons learned from our case studies to design and implement a VNF characterization framework, NFV-VITAL, to characterize VNFs based on user preferences and available resources. We demonstrate how NFV-VITAL can automatically determine optimal configurations under different workloads with the three sample VNFs.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129747497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced algorithms for consistent network updates","authors":"Radhika Sukapuram, G. Barua","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387425","url":null,"abstract":"The basic algorithm that consistently updates the switches of a Software Defined Network while preserving the update property of per-packet consistency is the two-phase update. The two-phase update is underspecified on two matters: 1) how to detect when the last packet of the old rule set has left the network and therefore exactly when to delete the old rules 2) recoverability of the update. Recoverability ensures that those updates for which the two-phase algorithm is not completely executed do not change the semantics of those updates for which the algorithm is completely executed. This paper examines the failures that can occur during an update and how to handle a subset of those failures. It proposes an algorithm, enhancing the two-phase update to handle deletion of old rules and recoverability. It also specifies how to effectively use a software cache to supplement the TCAM, during an update. The paper extends the same algorithm for per-flow consistent updates, using a restricted number of exact-match rules for existing flows and specifying when to delete the exact-match rules. The two algorithms are also specified for switches that do not support a software cache. The paper also analyzes the algorithms quantitatively, identifying the parameters of interest and what they depend upon.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131206042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}