{"title":"Experimental results on the use of genetic algorithms for scaling virtualized network functions","authors":"W. Rankothge, Franck Le, A. Russo, Jorge Lobo","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387405","url":null,"abstract":"Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is bringing closer the possibility to truly migrate enterprise data centers into the cloud. However, for a Cloud Service Provider to offer such services, important questions include how and when to scale out/in resources to satisfy dynamic traffic/application demands. In previous work [1], we have proposed a platform called Network Function Center (NFC) to study research issues related to NFV and Network Functions (NFs). In a NFC, we assume NFs to be implemented on virtual machines that can be deployed in any server in the network. In this paper we present further experiments on the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for scaling out/in NFs when the traffic changes dynamically. We combined data from previous empirical analyses [2], [3] to generate NF chains and for getting traffic patterns of a day and run simulations of resource allocation decision making. We have implemented different fitness functions with GA and compared their performance when scaling out/in over time.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128381005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmet Ariman, Gokhan Secinti, Müge Erel, B. Canberk
{"title":"Software defined wireless network testbed using Raspberry Pi of switches with routing add-on","authors":"Mehmet Ariman, Gokhan Secinti, Müge Erel, B. Canberk","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387397","url":null,"abstract":"In this demo, we implement a realtime testbed for Software Defined Wireless Networks (SDWN) by using Raspberry Pi as OpenFlow (OF) Switches. The implemented testbed provides practical development and testing environment for SDWNs. Moreover, we use OpenDayLight to observe the flows and events in the network. With OpenDayLight integration, we easily provide detailed analysis results for any testing process. Additionally, we develop a traffic aware routing algorithm add-on which manages the flows w.r.t. their QoS requirements. Finally, we physically implement the proposed routing algorithm to our testbed and validate the improvements of traffic aware routing such as controller response time and network utilization.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127575488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heikki Mahkonen, Ravi Manghirmalani, Meral Shirazipour, Ming Xia, Attila Takács
{"title":"Elastic network monitoring with virtual probes","authors":"Heikki Mahkonen, Ravi Manghirmalani, Meral Shirazipour, Ming Xia, Attila Takács","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387390","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation monitoring solutions should evolve as fast as the applications they will support both in terms of functionality (e.g. new protocols, monitoring function, etc.) as well as in terms of scale and performance. We believe the field of network monitoring is yet to experience the same revolutionary transformation as software-defined networking (SDN) and network function visualization (NFV) brought to the telecom world. To this end we present a flexible network monitoring application we use to demonstrate the potential of next generation network monitoring with advanced probe functionality and virtualization. Our demonstration shows a new OVS-based (Open vSwitch) vProbe capable of adding and processing monitoring metadata in IETF's recently proposed network service header (NSH) for service chaining [1], [2]. The monitoring metadata in this work is used for troubleshooting performance issues (i.e. excessive latency) along service function paths (SFPs). Benefits of our approach are the flexibility it offers to create new monitoring solutions as well as the virtualization of monitoring resources in order to benefit from the same economies of scale and elasticity features of NFV. This demonstration is built as part of our proposed monitoring framework presented in [3] which consists of a monitoring platform which, on the northbound, offers a full control as well as a more limiting intent based interface. It can spin new vProbes when and where needed. The data plane used in this demonstration consists of OpenFlow switches (OVS) extended with the NSH header [4]. This work can be described as a troubleshooting use case customized for service chaining. We demonstrate a video traffic performance degradation scenario and pin down where the issue is for a given flow on a service chain.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132636977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xi Wang, Cong Chen, P. Palacharla, M. Sekiya, S. Smolka, Nate Foster
{"title":"SPN OS: Managing network services with virtual network objects","authors":"Xi Wang, Cong Chen, P. Palacharla, M. Sekiya, S. Smolka, Nate Foster","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387420","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and implementation of a new controller platform, called the software-programmed networking (SPN) operating system (OS). SPN OS separates distributed control of virtual network services from the centralized management of network-wide resources. The key abstraction provided in SPN OS is a virtual network object (VNO), which encapsulates multiple layers of network stack as well as their associated resource constraints and service behaviors. VNOs are created by a VNO Arbiter, which handles provisioning of global network resources, but are managed independently by tenants through an intuitive object-oriented interface. This separation provides flexibility and scalable performance. We describe the design of SPN OS and VNOs, present a prototype implementation on top of the high-level language NetKAT, and discuss use cases.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CPMan: Adaptive control plane management for software-defined networks","authors":"Jian Li, Jae-Hyoung Yoo, J. W. Hong","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387416","url":null,"abstract":"Software-Defined Network (SDN) is an emerging network paradigm which enables flexible network management by separating control plane from data plane. Due to the centralized management scheme that SDN adopts, intensive control plane overhead incurs as the scale of SDN increases. One way of alleviating the overhead is to either distribute the overhead to multiple controllers, or offload the overhead to switches. However, both of the approaches require modification on SDN de-facto standard, therefore, not viable for practical use. As an alternative solution, we propose a new Control Plane Management (CPMan) method without changing the underlying SDN protocol. The key idea of the proposed method is to maintain as much information as possible inside the switches, so that with enriched information, the switches may less frequently query the controller. However, it comes with an over-utilization of switch memory as tradeoff; therefore, deserves a careful management. Unfortunately, it is non-trivial problem to control the switch memory utilization under the designated threshold (e.g., switch capacity), due to the absence of a detailed correlation model between memory utilization and the affecting parameters. To resolve this issue, we adopt a lightweight feedback loop-based control scheme to adaptively tune the affecting parameters to minimize the control plane overhead, while avoiding the switch memory exhaustion. We design and implement the proposed method as an SDN application and evaluate its performance in an emulated network.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128510880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Baucke, J. Kempf, R. B. Ali, Anirudh Ramachandran, S. Seetharaman
{"title":"Cloud API support for self-service Virtual Network Function (VNF) deployment","authors":"S. Baucke, J. Kempf, R. B. Ali, Anirudh Ramachandran, S. Seetharaman","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387404","url":null,"abstract":"The emphasis today in Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is on moving existing monolithic telecommunications services like the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as a unit to a virtualized infrastructure platform. Yet the next step will involve breaking down the monolithic services into smaller, more modular units called Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) that can be quickly combined into cloud-based innovative service offerings. Current cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) API support for NFV deployments requires extensive configuration despite virtualization, exactly the antithesis of the cloud \"as a service\" model. This won't support the innovative combination of services envisioned for the next step. Our approach involves enhancing the cloud IaaS networking API to support more dynamic network services. We illustrate this approach with an API for L2 services deployment. We describe a new VNF service, JiffyVPN, which allows a customer to provision an IPsec VPN with Layer-2 (L2) service between data centers or from branch offices to the data center, through a few clicks on a self-serve customer portal. We developed an enhancement to the OpenStack Neutron API, called the Gateway API, that supports stitching virtual L2 networks together, and deployed JiffyVPN on top of it. We conclude with a discussion regarding developing API support for VNFs, and the need for a well-designed set of abstractions and their API implementation.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130492936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meral Shirazipour, Heikki Mahkonen, Ming Xia, Ravi Manghirmalani, Attila Takács, Veronica Sanchez Vega
{"title":"A monitoring framework at layer4–7 granularity using network service headers","authors":"Meral Shirazipour, Heikki Mahkonen, Ming Xia, Ravi Manghirmalani, Attila Takács, Veronica Sanchez Vega","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387406","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic measurement and network monitoring needs have always daunted operators and recent trends of virtualization and programmable networks put a higher stress on this topic. The reality is that today's monitoring toolsets are viable for legacy network operations and traffic. With recent industry trends such as network function virtualization (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN) and everything as a service (XaaS), will follow higher network dynamicity and traffic change patterns. Network monitoring and measurement schemes need to evolve to accommodate these upcoming trends. The research community has been very active in past years in proposing new or improved mechanisms for various monitoring tasks. In this work however we leverage another recent development in the industry for network function chaining and propose to use the newly defined tunneling headers by IETF's service function chaining (SFC) working group to achieve specific and novel monitoring tasks not possible with existing methods. This paper's contributions are two folds: first it proposes a framework and an architecture able to perform unified monitoring across network, cloud, physical and virtual boundaries. Second, based on layer4-7 information it proposes novel monitoring mechanisms applicable to NFV traffic. The latter distinguishes itself with respect to existing proposals by its flexibility and potential for widespread deployment as it piggybacks on IETF's SFC standardization work. This paper's contributions are the system architecture, the monitoring metadata encodings with their respective use cases, as well performance results for monitoring overhead measured on a testbed implementation of this proposal.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FlowIdentity: Software-defined network access control","authors":"S. Yakasai, C. Guy","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387415","url":null,"abstract":"Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new paradigm for building computer networks through the decoupling of the control and forwarding functions of network devices. This has provided not only an exciting opportunity for the industry and researchers to solve some of the most persistent networking problems, but also an environment where creative network applications and services are more easily developed and deployed to solve specific business needs. In this paper, we present FlowIdentity - a virtualized network access control function using OpenFlow protocol. FlowIdentity implements 802.1X framework in SDN architecture, combined with a novel authorization method through a stateful role-based firewall. Policy definition is based on high-level endpoints' role which can be dynamically updated and enforced directly on the centralized 802.1X authenticator. Our solution solves some outlined persistent challenges facing the traditional port-based access control method to provide an effective enterprise network access control solution, and also provides a platform that encourages network operators, equipment vendors and researchers to develop innovative alternatives to the current solutions.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123761833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Policy-based NFV management and orchestration","authors":"C. Makaya, Douglas M. Freimuth, D. Wood, S. Calo","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387417","url":null,"abstract":"Softwarization of network functions running on commodity servers, switches, and storage by leveraging standard IT virtualization and cloud technologies has become a goal of communications service providers (CSPs). Management and orchestration (MANO) is crucial for achieving this network functions virtualization (NFV) vision. We propose an open platform for NFV that exposes APIs that can be consumed by other components of a MANO framework. This Enhanced Network Cloud Platform (ENCP) is based on a common policy-based framework. It employs a network appliance container (NAC) as an abstraction of a network function, and it uses predictive and proactive analytics for elasticity and virtual resource management. The architecture of ENCP is presented, and its prototype implementation is discussed.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131786934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kourtis, G. Xilouris, Vincenzo Riccobene, M. Mcgrath, G. Petralia, H. Koumaras, G. Gardikis, F. Liberal
{"title":"Enhancing VNF performance by exploiting SR-IOV and DPDK packet processing acceleration","authors":"M. Kourtis, G. Xilouris, Vincenzo Riccobene, M. Mcgrath, G. Petralia, H. Koumaras, G. Gardikis, F. Liberal","doi":"10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN.2015.7387409","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is the migration of physical network functions to software versions running on virtual machines (VM) in cloud computing environments. Rapid developments in virtualization technologies have made high-speed network connections and line rate packet processing viable in virtualized infrastructure environments. Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) of network traffic in the form of a computational intensive virtualized network function (VNF) was selected as a representative use-case. The DPI use case was used, to demonstrate the benefits of using SR-IOV enabled devices with DPDK to support performant Virtual Network Function (VNF) deployments. Performance evaluation of VNF versions using LibPCAP, SR-IOV and DPDK have been carried out. The results demonstrate that significantly higher packet throughput performance can be achieved when using SR-IOV and DPDK in unison in comparison to packet processing with the native Linux kernel network stack.","PeriodicalId":315251,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115052311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}