Western Pacific Surveillance and Response最新文献

{"title":"Descriptive analysis of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak among health-care workers in a regional hospital in the Philippines.","authors":"Lily Anne N Safilo, Ray Justin C Ventura, Mariz Zheila C Blanco, Karen B Lonogan, Rosario P Pamintuan, Rio L Magpantay","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1050","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>On 25 July 2022, trainees from the Field Epidemiology Training Programme in Northern Luzon, Philippines were sent to conduct an epidemiological investigation of six confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among staff of a regional hospital in Mountain Province. The investigation had three objectives: to profile the cases, identify the source and mode of transmission, and recommend prevention and control measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology was used to investigate the outbreak, with the standard case definition issued by the Philippine Department of Health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 167 hospital personnel and interns tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection between 6 July and 31 August 2022, with a peak in the number of cases on 20 July. Among the cases, 57 (34%) had a history of travel, with 41 (25%) having travelled to Boracay island to attend team-building activities. Most cases were asymptomatic, and the most affected group was those aged 30-34 years. The highest number of cases occurred among nurses. It was discovered that the team-building activities on Boracay did not strictly adhere to safety protocols.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This outbreak suggests that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among health-care workers can occur through contact with other staff members outside of the hospital setting and highlights the importance of strict adherence to safety protocols to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a national indicator-based surveillance system for hospital bed utilization by COVID-19 patients in the Philippines.","authors":"Bienvenido S Cabaro, Gabrielle Ann T Dela Paz, Jeffrey B Dotingco, Bernadette Joy Q Almirol, Gabriel R Borlongan, Reena Ophelia D Cebreros, Patrick B Diangco, Kenneth Pierre B Quijalvo, Joanne Pauline U Tan, Ramon Rafael D Tonato","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1038","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March 2020, the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) designed and rapidly implemented a national surveillance system for the utilization of hospital beds by patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to produce complete and timely data for use by various levels of governance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The DOH launched the DOH DataCollect (DDC) Bed Tracker system, a web-based application that collects information from all 1906 public and private hospitals and infirmaries across the country using a modular data collection tool. Data on the maximum number of occupied COVID-19-designated beds (<i>n</i> = 28 261), hospital bed utilization rate (71.7%), and mechanical ventilator number (<i>n</i> = 1846) and utilization rate (58.5%) were recorded in September 2021 during the Delta surge of cases in the Philippines. Data on human resources, personal protective equipment and supplies, and other operational indicators were added to the system during various modifications. Information from the DDC was used to inform the COVID-19 response and operations at national and local levels and facilitated research at academic and nongovernmental agencies. The development of the DDC system demonstrates that an effective surveillance system for use by all health-care facilities is achievable through strong national leadership, the use of available technology and adaptive information systems, and the establishment of networks across different health facilities and stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 5 Spec Edition","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10634542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Ho Chi Minh City adapted its care pathway to manage the first large-scale community transmission of COVID-19.","authors":"Luong Ngoc Khue, Nguyen Trong Khoa, Vuong Anh Duong, Do Thi Hong Hien, Satoko Otsu, Phung Kim Quang, Dereje Abera Ayana, Saho Takaya, Howard L Sobel, Vu Quang Hieu","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1045","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 5 Spec Edition","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profile of invasive non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> from the Philippines Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program, 2014-2018.","authors":"Sonia B Sia, Ferissa B Ablola, Marietta L Lagrada, Agnettah M Olorosa, June M Gayeta, Marilyn T Limas, Manuel C Jamoralin, Polle Krystle V Macaranas, Holly Grace O Espiritu, June Janice B Borlasa, Emmanuel Alfred S Villamin, Ma Cecilia G Alea, Janine Elizabeth V Guia","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.1030","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.1030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The epidemiology of invasive non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (iNTS) in the Philippines is not well elaborated. The present study describes the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of iNTS in the Philippines from 2014 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Invasive NTS isolates were collected through the Department of Health's Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program (ARSP). The identification of the isolates was confirmed using automated (Vitek®, bioMérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France) and conventional methods. The isolates were serotyped using the slide agglutination method, and susceptibility testing was performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Demographic data were collected from the ARSP database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 138 isolates collected from human invasive specimens with 97.8% from blood samples. The most common serotypes were <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis (<i>n</i> = 84, 60.9%) and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (<i>n</i> = 18, 13.0%). Most of the isolates were from males (<i>n</i> = 88, 63.8%) and from the 0-5-year age group (<i>n</i> = 61, 44.2%). The proportions of iNTS isolates resistant to first-line antibiotics were as follows: ampicillin (23.2%), chloramphenicol (9.6%), ciprofloxacin (8.7%), ceftriaxone (2.2%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (8.8%). The proportion of isolates with multidrug resistance was 13.0% (18/138) with the most common resistance profile being resistance to ampicillin-chloramphenicol-ciprofloxacin from <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis isolates (<i>n</i> = 5).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Resistance to first-line antibiotics limits the therapeutic choices for <i>Salmonella</i> infection. Relevant local antimicrobial resistance data on iNTS may support appropriate empiric therapy among vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing for tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment services in the Western Pacific Region in 2005-2020.","authors":"Fukushi Morishita, Hend Elsayed, Tauhid Islam, Kalpeshsinh Rahevar, Kyung Hyun Oh, Manami Yanagawa, Katherine Floyd, Inés Garcia Baena","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.976","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper provides an overview of financing for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, diagnostic and treatment services in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region during 2005-2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis uses the WHO global TB finance database to describe TB funding during 2005-2020 in 18 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Western Pacific Region, with additional country-level data and analysis for seven priority countries: Cambodia, China, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Viet Nam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Funding for the provision of TB prevention, diagnostic and treatment services in the 18 LMICs tripled fromUS$ 358 million in 2005 to US$ 1061 million in 2020, driven largely by increases in domestic funding, which rose from US$ 325 million to US$ 939 million over the same period. In the seven priority countries, TB investments also tripled, from US$ 340 million in 2005 to US$ 1020 million in 2020. China alone accounted for much of this growth, increasing its financing for TB programmes and services fivefold, from US$ 160 million to US$ 784 million. The latest country forecasts estimate that US$ 3.8 billion will be required to fight TB in the seven priority countries by 2025, which means that unless additional funding is mobilized, the funding gap will increase from US$ 326 million in 2020 to US$ 830 million by 2025.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Increases in domestic funding over the past 15 years reflect a firm political commitment to ending TB. However, current funding levels do not meet the required needs to finance the national TB strategic plans in the priority countries. An urgent step-up of public financing efforts is required to reduce the burden of TB in the Western Pacific Region.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and <i>Mycobacterium</i> coinfection in Brunei Darussalam: case series.","authors":"Babu Ivan Mani, Panduru Venkata Kishore, Wai Yan Khine, Dilip Joseph Thottacherry, Pui Lin Chong, Muhamad Syafiq Abdullah, Rosmonaliza Asli, Natalie Raimiza Momin, Noor Affizan Rahman, Chee Fui Chong, Vui Heng Chong","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1011","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating health and science to the public: a role for scientists and academic researchers.","authors":"Jocelyne Marie Basseal, Mary-Louise McLaws, Sophie Scott, Sharon Salmon","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1079","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand, 2020-2021.","authors":"Genevieve K O'Neill, Janette Taylor, Jen Kok, Dominic E Dwyer, Meik Dilcher, Harry Hua, Avram Levy, David Smith, Cara A Minney-Smith, Timothy Wood, Lauren Jelley, Q Sue Huang, Adrian Trenholme, Gary McAuliffe, Ian Barr, Sheena G Sullivan","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023,14.3.948","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023,14.3.948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Circulation patterns of influenza and other respiratory viruses have been globally disrupted since the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the introduction of public health and social measures (PHSMs) aimed at reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed respiratory virus laboratory data, Google mobility data and PHSMs in five geographically diverse regions in Australia and New Zealand. We also described respiratory virus activity from January 2017 to August 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a change in the prevalence of circulating respiratory viruses following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in early 2020. Influenza activity levels were very low in all regions, lower than those recorded in 2017-2019, with less than 1% of laboratory samples testing positive for influenza virus. In contrast, rates of human rhinovirus infection were increased. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity was delayed; however, once it returned, most regions experienced activity levels well above those seen in 2017-2019. The timing of the resurgence in the circulation of both rhinovirus and RSV differed within and between the two countries.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings of this study suggest that as domestic and international borders are opened up and other COVID-19 PHSMs are lifted, clinicians and public health professionals should be prepared for resurgences in influenza and other respiratory viruses. Recent patterns in RSV activity suggest that these resurgences in non-COVID-19 viruses have the potential to occur out of season and with increased impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responding to COVID-19 vaccine-related safety events: WHO Western Pacific regional experience and lessons learned.","authors":"Heeyoun Cho, Ananda Amarasinghe, Yoshihiro Takashima","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.2.1016","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.2.1016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Novel vaccines were developed in an unprecedentedly short time in response to the global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which triggered concerns about the safety profiles of the new vaccines. This paper describes the actions and outcomes of three major adverse events of special interest (AESIs) reported in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Western Pacific Region: anaphylaxis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) and post-vaccination death.</p><p><strong>Context: </strong>During the large-scale introduction of various novel COVID-19 vaccines, robust monitoring of and response to COVID-19 vaccine safety events were critical.</p><p><strong>Action: </strong>We developed and disseminated information sheets about anaphylaxis and TTS; provided tailor-made training for anaphylaxis monitoring and response, webinars about TTS and AESIs, and an algorithm to support decision-making about AESIs following immunization; as well as provided country-specific technical support for causality assessments, including for possible vaccination-related deaths.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Each major vaccine event and situation of high concern was responded to appropriately and in a timely manner with comprehensive technical support from WHO. Our support activities have not only strengthened countries' capacities for vaccine safety surveillance and response, but also enabled countries to decrease the negative impact of these events on their immunization programmes and maintain the confidence of health-care professionals and the general population through proactive delivery of risk communications.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This paper summarizes selected, major AESIs following COVID-19 vaccination and responses made by WHO's Regional Office for the Western Pacific to support countries. The examples of responses to vaccine safety events during the pandemic and unprecedented mass vaccination campaigns could be useful for countries to adopt, where applicable, to enhance their preparation for activities related to monitoring vaccine safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10512591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement and readiness of fellows from Papua New Guinea's Field Epidemiology Training Programme in the COVID-19 response, 2020-2021.","authors":"James A Flint, Joanne Taylor, Tambri Housen, Barry Ropa, Bernnie Smaghi, Laura Macfarlane-Berry, Celeste Marsh, Alois Pukienei, Mathias Bauri, David N Durrheim","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.2.989","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.2.989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Fellows of the Papua New Guinea Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP) were part of the national coronavirus disease (COVID-19) response. However, the specific activities and challenges experienced by fellows in the field were unknown.</p><p><strong>Context: </strong>The advanced FETP cohort commenced just before the COVID-19 pandemic and all fellows were involved in the response. The advanced fellows participating in this review represented a cross-section of the country's public health workforce.</p><p><strong>Action: </strong>A review was conducted to better understand the scope of activities undertaken by FETP fellows, identify the challenges experienced and assess how well the programme prepared fellows for their COVID-19 response roles. A facilitated discussion based on the World Health Organization COVID-19 intra-action review methodology and an online survey was conducted with advanced FETP fellows.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>The fellows made important contributions to the national COVID-19 response by assuming leadership positions at all levels of government, leading training activities and applying core field epidemiology competencies in surveillance and response activities. The programme had prepared them well for the response, giving them the confidence and skills to undertake a diverse range of response roles.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The FETP review of the COVID-19 response in Papua New Guinea highlighted the role and influence of the fellows during the pandemic response. Fellows were able to apply core field epidemiology competencies across a range of roles. The recommendations derived from this review will be instructive for the FETP specifically and the COVID-19 response generally.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}