{"title":"Low Power Decoding of LDPC Codes","authors":"M. Ismail, Imran Ahmed, J. Coon","doi":"10.1155/2013/650740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/650740","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks are used in many diverse application scenarios that \u0000require the network designer to trade off different factors. Two such factors of importance \u0000in many wireless sensor networks are communication reliability and battery \u0000life. This paper describes an efficient, low complexity, high throughput channel \u0000decoder suited to decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. LDPC \u0000codes have demonstrated excellent error-correcting ability such that a number of \u0000recent wireless standards have opted for their inclusion. Hardware realisation of \u0000practical LDPC decoders is a challenging area especially when power efficient solutions \u0000are needed. Implementation details are given for an LDPC decoding algorithm, \u0000termed adaptive threshold bit flipping (ATBF), designed for low complexity \u0000and low power operation. The ATBF decoder was implemented in 90 nm CMOS at \u00000.9 V using a standard cell design flow and was shown to operate at 250 MHz achieving \u0000a throughput of 252 Gb/s/iteration. The decoder area was 0.72 mm2 with a power \u0000consumption of 33.14 mW and a very small energy/decoded bit figure of 1.3 pJ.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123159747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Underwater Sensor Allocation Scheme for Noncircular Sensing Coverage Regions","authors":"E. Golen, Carl Lutzer, David Ross, N. Shenoy","doi":"10.1155/2013/963029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/963029","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligently allocating underwater sensors to a large area of interest whose acoustic characteristics vary throughout is a challenge, especially for an area clearance scenario. In these scenarios, there is no apparent target for an adversary to gravitate towards, such as a ship or a port. Thus, it is difficult to determine how the field designer should allocate sensors so that their deployment locations can be planned efficiently. The previously proposed Game Theory Field Design (GTFD) model can achieve an intelligent sensor allocation, using a game theoretic approach, for sensors with circular coverage regions. In practice, however, the sensing coverage of an underwater sensor will likely be noncircular due to the azimuthally dependent bathymetric phenomena and other underwater irregularities. As a result, an extension of the model is proposed for allocating sensors for the irregularly shaped sensing coverage regions. This work provides two validations of the extended GTFD model. The first is an analytical comparison with sensing coverage regions whose shape is well understood, and the second uses simulation to validate the model for the irregularly shaped regions.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133993815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Logical Sensor Network: An Abstraction of Sensor Data Processing over Multidomain Sensor Network","authors":"N. Namatame, J. Nakazawa, H. Tokuda","doi":"10.5402/2012/234251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/234251","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a sensor network virtualization over multidomain sensor network and proposes an abstraction called “logical sensor network (LSN)” for sensor data processing. \u0000In the proposed abstraction, processing is a directed acyclic graph that consists of nodes and streams, which represents a small data processor and communication rules between them, respectively. We have added a notion of a trigger to this graph. A trigger represents a timing of the process execution. We have implemented the middleware named LSN-Middle to run a virtualized sensor network and proved its feasibility.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133870083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Reliable and Congestion-Aware Transport Layer Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"B. Sharma, T. C. Aseri","doi":"10.5402/2012/104057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/104057","url":null,"abstract":"Design and implementation of wireless sensor Networks have gathered increased attention in recent years due to vast potential of sensor networks consisting of spatially distributed devices (motes) to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions at different locations. Wireless sensor networks are built upon low cost nodes with limited battery (power), CPU clock (processing capacity), and memory modules (storage). Transport layer protocols applied to wireless sensor networks can handle the communications between the sink node and sensor nodes in upstream (sensor-to-sink) or downstream (sink-to-sensor) direction. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of reliable and congestion aware transport layer protocols for wireless sensor networks and number of open issues that have to be carefully realized to make use of the wireless sensor networks more efficiently and to enhance their performance. We first list the characteristics of transport layer protocols. We then provide a summary of reliable and congestion aware transport layer protocols with their respective pros and cons and comparison of different protocols based on reliability, congestion control, and energy efficiency. Finally, we point out open research issues of transport layer protocols for wireless sensor networks, which need further attention to overcome the earlier mentioned challenges.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121202413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rohankar, Shantanu Pathak, M. K. Naskar, A. Mukherjee
{"title":"Audio Streaming with Silence Detection Using 802.15.4 Radios","authors":"A. Rohankar, Shantanu Pathak, M. K. Naskar, A. Mukherjee","doi":"10.5402/2012/590651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/590651","url":null,"abstract":"Short-range radios with low data rate are gaining popularity due to their abundant commercial availability. It is imperative that high-speed multimedia would be an attractive application field with these radios. Audio over 802.15.4 compliant radios is a challenging task to achieve. This paper describes a real-time implementation of audio communication using 802.15.4 radios. Silence detection and soft ADPCM are the main features of our work. Our results show that silence detection improves bandwidth optimization and audio communication performance over low bit-rate radios.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122961125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Survey of Image Compression Algorithms for Visual Sensor Networks","authors":"A. Mammeri, Brahim Hadjou, A. Khoumsi","doi":"10.5402/2012/760320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/760320","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of visual sensor networks (VSNs), energy-aware compression algorithms have gained wide attention. That is, new strategies and mechanisms for power-efficient image compression algorithms are developed, since the application of the conventional methods is not always energy beneficial. In this paper, we provide a survey of image compression algorithms for visual sensor networks, ranging from the conventional standards such as JPEG and JPEG2000 to a new compression method, for example, compressive sensing. We provide the advantages and shortcomings of the application of these algorithms in VSN, a literature review of their application in VSN, as well as an open research issue for each compression standard/method. Moreover, factors influencing the design of compression algorithms in the context of VSN are presented. We conclude by some guidelines which concern the design of a compression method for VSN.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115397543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymer Optical Fiber Intensity-Based Sensor for Liquid-Level Measurements in Volumetric Flasks for Industrial Application","authors":"D. Montero, C. Vázquez","doi":"10.5402/2012/618136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/618136","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost intensity-based polymer optical fiber (POF) sensor for liquid detection applied to volumetric flasks is presented. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the POF-based sensor system in a high-accuracy liquid level measurement scenario. Moreover, a wireless mesh sensor network based on ZigBee specification protocol to address multiplexed POF-based sensor is also developed. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility to address a high number of optical sensors in an industrial process framework by means of this low-cost wireless solution.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122356004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-Complexity Localization and Tracking in Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"S. Kianoush, E. Goldoni, A. Savioli, P. Gamba","doi":"10.5402/2012/430169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/430169","url":null,"abstract":"Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an important research topic: readings come from sensors scattered in the environment, and most of applications assume that the exact position of the sensors is known. Due to power restrictions, WSN nodes are not usually equipped with a global positioning system—hence, many techniques have been developed in order to estimate the position of nodes according to some measurements over the radio channel. In this paper, we propose a new technique to track a moving target by combining distance measurements obtained from both narrowband IEEE 802.15.4 and Ultrawideband (UWB) radios, and then exploiting a novel speed-based algorithm for bounding the error. This process is applied to a real dataset collected during a measurement campaign, and its performance is compared against a Kalman filter. Results show that our algorithm is able to track target path with good accuracy and low computational impact.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133337737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sudharsan, J. Adinarayana, A. Tripathy, S. Ninomiya, M. Hirafuji, T. Kiura, U. Desai, S. Merchant, D. R. Reddy, G. Sreenivas
{"title":"GeoSense: A Multimode Information and Communication System","authors":"D. Sudharsan, J. Adinarayana, A. Tripathy, S. Ninomiya, M. Hirafuji, T. Kiura, U. Desai, S. Merchant, D. R. Reddy, G. Sreenivas","doi":"10.5402/2012/215103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/215103","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological developments allowed to envision the low-power (solar power) and low-cost (open hardware) sensor devices (Agrisens/FieldServer/Flux Tower/FieldTwitter) with multimode (ZigBee/WiFi/3G/WebGIS) information and communication technologies (ICTs), a model in which is christened as GeoSense. Integrating these multimode and multi-level communication systems with distributed ambient sensory network location-based service (LBS) is a challenging task, which could be a potential technology for monitoring various natural phenomena. This integrated model is introduced to provide and assist the rural stakeholders with real-time decision support system (DSS) with dynamic information and modeling services for precision agriculture through GeoSense cloud service. This GeoSense research has been experimented in semiarid tropics in India under Indo-Japan initiative on multi-disciplinary ICT program.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129899795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault-Tolerant Energy-Efficient Priority-Based Routing Scheme for the Multisink Healthcare Sensor Networks","authors":"A. Saeed, A. Stranieri, Richard Dazeley","doi":"10.5402/2012/196590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/196590","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in battle fields, logistic applications, healthcare, habitat monitoring, environmental monitoring, home security, and variety of other areas. The existing routing algorithms focus on the delivery of data packets to the sink using the shortest path; however, calculating the shortest path is not a cost-effective solution while disseminating datasets of interest to the nearest sink node. The approach presented in this paper extends the existing PBR (priority-based routing) protocol by providing a new fault-tolerant multipath priority-based routing (FT-MPPBR) scheme, which not only balances the energy consumption while selecting multiple paths but also balances the workload of the node closest to the sink. The nodes closer to the sink dissipate more energy and can become the source of a communication bottleneck. Simulation results for the proposed routing scheme are encouraging and clearly show that the FT-MPPBR has outperformed the existing PBR schemes in terms of prolonging the network lifetime and reliability. In healthcare sensor networks, timely dissemination of datasets is critical for the well-being of a patient. This research further extends the PBR architecture for supporting computational intensive analysis by transferring datasets of interest to the sensor grid node for improved communication and better throughput.","PeriodicalId":314840,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Sensor Networks","volume":"abs/1604.06181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126828896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}