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Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal最新文献

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Failure to Protect?: Applying the DRRI-2 Scales to Rwanda and Srebrenica 保护不力?将DRRI-2量表应用于卢旺达和斯雷布雷尼察
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1741
E. Mason
{"title":"Failure to Protect?: Applying the DRRI-2 Scales to Rwanda and Srebrenica","authors":"E. Mason","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1741","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically reanalyses the action, or lack of action, taken by UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Srebrenica in the 1990's. The lack of action of UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Bosnia has long been criticised as a conscious decision made by peacekeepers to not act in defence of those being targeted but instead to act as bystanders of genocide when they had the ability to prevent acts of genocide taking place. This article re-examines the actions of the UN command under Romeo Dallaire in Rwanda and Thom Karremans in Srebrenica, Bosnia in terms of the stress-related factors which influenced their decisions and actions. A modern risk assessment tool for Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder, the DRRI-2 Scales, developed by psychologists at the National Centre for PTSD in the United States, evaluates which stress-related factors make modern-day soldiers deployed to conflict zones susceptible or more resilient to developing PTSD. This article reveals that in four out of the six diagnostic categories analysed by the DRRI-2 Scales, that UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Srebrenica would have answered affirmatively to being exposed to a significant number of stressors outlined in the DRRI-2 Scales. This article challenges the reader to critically rethink the judgements that have been placed on peacekeeper's actions in Rwanda and Srebrenica based on this close analysis of their deployment environment, operational limitations and perceived threat to life. Given the multi-layered and persistent stress which these circumstances placed on peacekeepers, I ask what behaviour could have been reasonably expected of UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Bosnia?","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90758040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Extraordinary Justice: Law, Politics, and the Khmer Rouge Tribunals 书评:《非凡的正义:法律、政治和红色高棉法庭》
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1793
Suzanne Schot
{"title":"Book Review: Extraordinary Justice: Law, Politics, and the Khmer Rouge Tribunals","authors":"Suzanne Schot","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"129-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86321597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arts & Literature: The Grey Zone 艺术与文学:灰色地带
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1806
Sabah Carrim
{"title":"Arts & Literature: The Grey Zone","authors":"Sabah Carrim","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1806","url":null,"abstract":"A manifesto of the grey areas in scenarios of mass killings.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76424408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Democratization as a Protective Layering for Crimes Against Humanity: The Case of Myanmar 民主化作为反人类罪的保护层:缅甸案例
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1718
A. Plunkett
{"title":"Democratization as a Protective Layering for Crimes Against Humanity: The Case of Myanmar","authors":"A. Plunkett","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1718","url":null,"abstract":"Myanmar has a history of state sanctioned violence against its own people. However, as the regime transition occurs the methods of conducting such violence have also changed. This has not led to an end to violence but an alteration in the methods used by the state. What can be identified is the use of democratic regime transition to legitimise the state’s actions whilst delegitimising the plight of communities that have historically resisted the state. By engaging in the minimal standards of democratic practice whilst developing relations with the international community on the basis of trade, Myanmar has been able to create a protective layering system for its continued human rights abuses within its borderlands. This paper will analyse how Myanmar has effectively coopted the international community into ignoring the continuation of human rights abuses by creating an effectives market for its valuable resources. It will focus on the cases in Karen and Kachin State, two sub-regions within Myanmar that have experienced prolonged conflict and where human rights abuses continue with little oversight from the international community.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"312 1","pages":"69-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87875474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
S-21 as a Liminal Power Regime: Violently Othering Khmer Bodies into Vietnamese Minds S-21作为一种极限权力政权:暴力地将高棉人的身体转化为越南人的思想
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1768
D. Bultmann
{"title":"S-21 as a Liminal Power Regime: Violently Othering Khmer Bodies into Vietnamese Minds","authors":"D. Bultmann","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.3.1768","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the structure, scripts, and procedural logics behind the violent practices in S-21, the central prison of the Khmer Rouge, as a liminal power regime. The institution’s violent practices and operations served to reveal a “Vietnameseness” and/or otherness within the victims and to prove not only their guilt regarding a singular crime but also a long history of treason and collaboration with the Vietnamese, as well as a moral shortcoming that put them outside their own imagined Khmer moral universe and made them part of a larger scheme. The initial and—for the ideology of the revolution—problematic sameness of the victims needed to be reshaped into a profound otherness in terms of thinking, lifestyle, and biography. The process of interning, torturing, and turning subjects into enemies in S-21 (and beyond) resembled a transformative ritual, a violent and enforced rite of passage into a new symbolic status.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89519377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“The Jews love numbers”: Steven L. Anderson, Christian Conspiracists, and the Spiritual Dimensions of Holocaust Denial 《犹太人爱数字》:史蒂文·l·安德森，基督教阴谋论者，以及否认大屠杀的精神层面
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1721
Matthew H. Brittingham
{"title":"“The Jews love numbers”: Steven L. Anderson, Christian Conspiracists, and the Spiritual Dimensions of Holocaust Denial","authors":"Matthew H. Brittingham","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1721","url":null,"abstract":"From his pulpit at Faithful Word Baptist Church (Independent Fundamental Baptist) in Tempe, AZ, fundamentalist preacher Steven L. Anderson launches screeds against Catholics, LGBTQ people, evolutionary scientists, politicians, and anyone else who doesn't share his political, social, or theological views. Anderson publishes clips of his sermons on YouTube, where he has amassed a notable following. Teaming up with Paul Wittenberger of Framing the World, a small-time film company, Anderson produced a film about the connections between Christianity, Judaism, and Israel, entitled Marching to Zion (2015), which was laced with antisemitic stereotypes. Anderson followed Marching to Zion with an almost 40-minute YouTube video espousing Holocaust denial, entitled “Did the Holocaust Really Happen?” In this article, I analyze Anderson's Holocaust denial video in light of his theology, prior films, and connections to other Christian conspiracists, most notably Texe Marrs, I particularly show how Anderson frames the “Holocaust myth,” as he calls it, in light of a deeper spiritual warfare that negatively impacts the spread of Christianity.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88745902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ecocide Is Genocide: Decolonizing the Definition of Genocide 生态灭绝就是种族灭绝:种族灭绝的非殖民化定义
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1720
Lauren Eichler
{"title":"Ecocide Is Genocide: Decolonizing the Definition of Genocide","authors":"Lauren Eichler","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1720","url":null,"abstract":"I demonstrate how the destruction of the land, water, and nonhuman beings of the Americas constitutes genocide according to Indigenous metaphysics and through analysis of the decimation of the American buffalo. In Genocide Studies, the destruction of nonhuman beings and nature is typically treated as a separate, but related type of phenomenon—ecocide, the destruction of nonhuman nature. In this article I follow in the footsteps of Native American and First Nations scholars to argue that ecocide and the genocide of Indigenous peoples are inextricably linked and are even constitutive of the same act. I argue that if justice is to be achieved for Indigenous peoples through the UN’s ability to prosecute genocide then the definition of genocide needs to, at minimum, include ecocide as a recognized act.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"104-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90674307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Re-assessing the Genocide of Kurdish Alevis in Dersim, 1937-38 重新评估1937- 1938年德西姆对库尔德人的种族灭绝
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1728
Dilşa Deniz
{"title":"Re-assessing the Genocide of Kurdish Alevis in Dersim, 1937-38","authors":"Dilşa Deniz","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1728","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses a century-long denial of historic genocide targeting Kurdish Alevis in Turkey. Firstly, I argue that the state-sponsored killings and forced displacements that occurred in Dersim in 1937-38 constitute genocide. Secondly, I use census numbers and other available documentation to suggest a possible figure for the causalities, while pointing out the methods by which the state has tried to cover up these numbers, indicating state planning and preparation. Finally, I show that as a part of the continued denial of such genocide, Turkish leftist organizations have been manipulated by the state, and thus have ended up supporting much of the same rhetoric as the right nationalist Turkish state.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81138654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Rwanda’s Inyangamugayo: Perspectives from Practitioners in the Gacaca Transitional Justice Mechanism 卢旺达的Inyangamugayo:来自Gacaca过渡司法机制从业者的观点
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1642
Jean-Damascène Gasanabo, Donatien Nikuze, H. N. Brehm, Hannah Parks
{"title":"Rwanda’s Inyangamugayo: Perspectives from Practitioners in the Gacaca Transitional Justice Mechanism","authors":"Jean-Damascène Gasanabo, Donatien Nikuze, H. N. Brehm, Hannah Parks","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1642","url":null,"abstract":"The Gacaca courts have been the subject of much academic work. Yet, few studies have examined the elected individuals who presided over Gacaca court trials, reflecting a broader paucity of research on local practitioners of transitional justice. Accordingly, this study asks two questions: (1) How did the Gacaca court judges, known as Inyangamugayo, perceive their duties to fight impunity and facilitate reconciliation? And (2) What challenges did the Inyangamugayo face as they sought to implement these duties? To address these questions, we interviewed 135 former Inyangamugayo. Our interviews shed light on the Inyangamugayo’s understandings of punishment and accountability, as well as on their perceptions of reconciliation at personal and societal levels. The interviews also illuminate the problems the Inyangamugayo faced while presiding over trials. Taken together, these findings contribute to scholarship on transitional justice pursuits by highlighting the perceptions and experiences of the individuals who implement transitional justice mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"153-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90527555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Denying the Animosity: Understanding Narratives of Harmony from the Nellie Massacre, 1983 否定仇恨:从内利大屠杀理解和谐叙事，1983
Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1732
Jabeen Yasmeen
{"title":"Denying the Animosity: Understanding Narratives of Harmony from the Nellie Massacre, 1983","authors":"Jabeen Yasmeen","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1732","url":null,"abstract":"This article tries to understand through oral narratives from the Nellie Massacre of 1983 to reflect on how societies in India adhere to a narrative of harmony between different communities and a familial structure before a conflict breaks out, denying the existence of any palpable enmity amongst the communities. It will see how and why the assertions of peaceful co-existence may differ in case of the majority and minority in India. While there may be genuine assertions of harmony, such assertions may also be based on different factors such as majority strength, fear of retaliation and the compulsions of co-existence.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"2-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77044400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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