Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Electrophysiology of Phosphatidylserine Bilayer Membranes Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy","authors":"K. Tantawi, Hope Hunnicutt","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70808","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work the electrical properties (resistance and capacitance) of the phospholipid phosphatidylserine, which was recently found to be the major constituent of plasma membranes of cancer cells that undergo chemotherapy, were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz. The measurements show that the resistance of phosphatidylserine is 800 kω and the capacitance is approximately 90 pF. These numbers are significantly less than the reported resistance and capacitance of a lipid bilayer membrane that is composed primarily of phosphatidylethanolamine, which is the major constituent in plasma membranes in normal cells. Consequently, the results show that the electrical conductivity of the membranes of cancer cells increase significantly following chemotherapy treatments.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130157438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Natural Vibration Characteristics Based on the Coupled Wave Theory of Spring Supported Elastic Pipes and Fluids","authors":"Takeshi Tokunaga, K. Mori, H. Kadowaki, Takashi Saito","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-23742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-23742","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A gradient of a blood flow velocity on the surface of a blood vessel is one of the clinical medicine concerns from the view point of prevention of the arteriosclerosis.\u0000 In previous study, we formulated a relationship between the pressure and a flow velocity based on the coupled wave theory of elastic pipes and Newtonian fluids [1]. In addition, a flow velocity distribution and a wall shear stress are estimated by using the blood pressure data, which are non-invasively obtained by the tonometry method. This method is quasi-analytical method to apply the coupled wave theory for industrial flow field inside steel pipes proposed by Urata [4] to blood vessel, and has the advantage of systematic estimator compared with the numerical calculation. However, the coupled wave theory has applied to the elastic pipes that were assumed to be infinitely long. In addition, a single wave was assumed to be dominant within the elastic pipes and the Newtonian fluids. Therefore, in order to apply various length vessels in clinical field, the boundary of the blood vessels that varies from site to site, and the natural vibration characteristics that depend on the boundary conditions, could not be reflected in the wall shear stress estimation. In general, in order to solve the forced vibration with the boundary condition, it is necessary to clarify natural frequency and natural mode as natural vibration characteristics of structure.\u0000 In this study, we introduce the spring supported elastic pipes to the coupled wave theory and formulated a relationship between the natural vibration characteristics and the boundary conditions. In this proposed method, the spring-supported elastic pipe has a feature that can be treated as an arbitrary boundary condition of an artery by giving an appropriate spring coefficients. Therefore, it is easy to apply to various types of blood vessels clinically. By investigating the natural vibration characteristics of blood vessels that varies from site to site, it may be possible to clarify fluctuations of blood flow in response to blood pressure with some frequency-bands. In addition, natural angular frequencies and natural modes of the spring supported elastic pipes and the Newtonian fluids were estimated for general blood vessel based on the coupled wave theory. In the result, the natural angular frequencies and the natural modes that reflect the clinical vibration characteristics to some extent can be estimated. On the other hand, particular modes may not reflect boundary condition, and further examination of the relationship between natural vibration characteristics and boundary condition is needed.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115001382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arm Movement Analysis in Human Daily Life for Improving Durability of Artificial Elbow Joint","authors":"Chihiro Kamio, T. Aihara, G. Minorikawa","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-24184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-24184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Human movement data can contribute to the quality improvement of industrial and medical products affected by such movement. Such data can be used to improve the quality of industrial products as well as in healthcare applications, such as the development of artificial joints. To develop and design artificial joints with enhance durability, it is necessary to set up standards of durability using human movement data in daily life. The aim of this study is to obtain data that contributes to the improvement in durability of artificial elbow joints. We have developed a wearable device that can measure its self-acceleration, angular velocity, and quaternions to collect human movement data continuously for long-term. Additionally, we collected the arm movement data of 30 participants using the developed device. The participants of this study carried on with their normal lives with the measuring device worn on their wrist. This study calculated the posture of the wrist over time using quaternions and mainly analyzed posture changes. We clarified the characteristics and trends of the movement of bending the elbow in daily human life.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Logistic Regression Analysis for Tissue Stiffness Categorization Through Magnetic Resonance Elastography","authors":"M. Ramzanpour, Mohammad Hosseini-Farid, Jayse McLean, M. Ziejewski, G. Karami","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-23929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-23929","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is commonly used as an image-based alternative for palpation of the internal organs of human body. The presence of tumor or other kind of pathologies in biological tissues can increase its stiffness. Therefore, while MRE technique is capable to provide a quantitative measurement, the qualitative description of the tissue stiffness could be potentially informative as well for physicians. MRE can be divided into several steps including the generation of waves in the tissue, measuring the field displacement of the tissue by magnetic resonance imaging devices, and then applying the constitutive based inversion algorithms to measure the material properties of the tissue. The inversion algorithms are dependent to the constitutive model in use, and moreover, it could be computationally expensive. To overcome this hindrance, in this paper, we propose a machine learning framework for categorizing the tissue stiffness based on the magnetic resonance elastography finite element simulation data. In our finite element simulation, the shear waves are generated in an axisymmetrical model by applying harmonic displacement at the center of the model with the known excitation frequency. To obtain the field displacement of the model, in the first step, the natural frequencies of the system will be calculated through numerical Block-Lanczos eigensolver algorithm. Thereafter, a transient dynamic modal analysis is carried out to find the corresponding displacement response of the tissue in different time steps of the simulation. To obtain the training dataset, ten simulations with the pre-assigned linear elastic modulus in the range of 2 to 6 kPa is conducted and the displacement of the tissue in three points at the end of the first and second cycle will be recorded as the features of the dataset. Each instance of the dataset is labelled as “Low“ or “High”, corresponding to its stiffness quantitative value lying in ranges of 2–4 kPa or 4–6 kPa. A machine learning classifying algorithm, a logistic regression hypothesis will be trained on this dataset. The trained hypothesis will be then tested on six new unseen simulation data with known elastic modulus values. The trained logistic regression was able to classify the tissue stiffness with the perfect accuracy score of 1.0. The findings of this study can be used for qualitative description of the tissue stiffness that can be beneficial for pathology diagnosis and moreover, it eliminates the need on the usage of inversion algorithms which leads to reduction in the computational complexity of tissue characterization.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123711926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Assessment of Posture Disorders Through Pre-Adolescent Monitoring: The Case of Volley Academy Modena","authors":"L. Fontanili, M. Milani, L. Montorsi, R. Citarella","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-23774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-23774","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The pre-adolescent age is basic in the beginning of the development of body kinematics. During this age the body structure needs to continuously search for stabilization due to the modification in body segment lengths. This behavior can evolve into incorrect postural attitudes that, if not properly treated, can lead to behaviors that are difficult to recover with advancing age. These incorrect attitudes require an accurate and early diagnosis that can be put in place by expert doctors and clinicians.\u0000 As well known, sporting activity in this age can help the development of proprioceptive apparatus and the musculoskeletal one. Volleyball is considered a complete sport thanks to the wide range of actions necessary for a match. Following this evaluation, it was decided to carry out a monitoring study of young volleyball players in what is one of the capitals of Italian volleyball, i.e. Modena.\u0000 To achieve this objective, in this work, 97 female volleyball players have been analyzed during their adolescent and pre-adolescent age. The study has the objective to collect data and design an exercise routine for the training to prevent postural problems. Finally, the data have been analyzed and the most representative ones have been reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123511621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left Ventricular Assist Device Thrombus Detection Using Wavelets and Image Classification","authors":"S. Reuter, Ian Prechtl, S. Day, Jason R. Kolodziej","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-24465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-24465","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cardiac related diseases are a common health risk for adults. Consequently, therapies such as heart transplants and medication exist to treat these ailments. Heart transplants remain the gold standard for treating severe heart failure, however, left ventricular assistive devices, a cardiac blood pump, are gaining popularity and not just as a bridge for long term care. Unfortunately, with the benefits of these devices come risks of clot formation. These occlusions can cause strokes, further cardiac damage, or even death. Therefore, these occlusions must be detected at the onset. This work presents a method to non-invasively monitor the condition of a Thoratec HeartMate II ventricular device. The application of a neural network and a classification tree are designed to detect the presence of an aortic graft occlusion that has been seeded into an in vitro cardiac simulator. Using acoustic digital heart sounds, the classification tree showed the most favorable results, outperforming the existing support vector machine method by roughly 20%.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116373820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Dexterous Robotic Arm Manipulator Using Hybrid BCI","authors":"Daniel A. Medina Portilla, V. Nandikolla","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-23509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-23509","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper describes the design of a hybrid Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system that provides control commands to manipulate a robotic arm. The goal is to facilitate BCI controlled real-time robotic applications by using a semi-autonomous operation mode that accepts multiple commands. Simple tasks, like moving forward or turning, are executed based on a single BCI command while more complicated tasks, like grabbing or pushing an object are automated once the task is selected. The robotic arm vision system uses an Intel RealSense D435 camera for image and depth perception where a point cloud generates an interface for the user to select an object. The user selects an object to manipulate, which identifies the goal position and location. After the location and object is determined, the software interface moves the robotic arm to have the selected object in the robotic arms’ workspace. The current robotic arm design utilizes an open bionics Brunel dexterous hand as the end effector which allows for human-like hand actions. A simulation platform is developed to verify the effect of the entire system of a dexterous robotic arm on a mobile platform. The system design and results using a hybrid BCI system is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125767929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Micro Grooving on Goat Total Knee Replacement: A Finite Element Study","authors":"M. Khandaker, O. Kalay, F. Karpat, A. Haleem, W. Williams, K. Boyce, Erik Clary, Kshitijkumar Agrawal","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-24136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-24136","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A method to improve the mechanical fixation of a total knee replacement (TKR) implant is clinically important and is the purpose of this study. More than one million joint replacement procedures are performed in people each year in the United States, and experts predict the number to increase six-fold by the year 2030. Whether cemented or uncemented, joint prostheses may destabilize over time and necessitate revision. Approximately 40,000 hip arthroplasty surgeries have to be revised each year and the rate is expected to increase by approximately 140% (and by 600% for total knee replacement) over the next 25 years. In veterinary surgery, joint replacement has a long history and the phenomenon of surgical revision is also well recognized. For the betterment of both people and animals, improving the longevity of arthroplasty devices is of the utmost clinical importance, and towards that end, several strategies are under investigation. One approach that we explore in the present research is to improve the biomechanical performance of cemented implant systems by altering the implant surface architecture in a way that facilitates its cement bonding capacity. Beginning with the Charnley system, early femoral stems were polished smooth, but a number of subsequent designs have featured a roughened surface — created with bead or grit blasting — to improve cement bonding. Failure at the implant-cement interface remains an issue with these newer designs, leading us to explore in this present research an alternate, novel approach to surface alteration — specifically, laser microgrooving. This study used various microgrooves architectures that is feasible using a laser micromachining process on a tibia tray (TT) for the goat TKR. Developing the laser microgrooving (LM) procedure, we hypothesized feasibility in producing parallel microgrooves of precise dimensions and spacing on both flat and round metallic surfaces. We further hypothesized that laser microgrooving would increase surface area and roughness of the cement interface of test metallic implants and that such would translate into an improved acute mechanical performance as assessed in vitro under both static and cyclic loads. The objective was to develop a computational model to determine the effect of LIM on the tibial tray to the mechanical stimuli distributions from implant to bone using the finite element method. This study designed goat TT 3D solid model from a computer topography (CT) images, out of which three different laser microgrooves were engraved on TT sample by varying depth, height and space between two adjacent grooves. The simulation test results concluded that microgrooves acchitecures positively influence microstrain behavior around the implant/bone interfaces. There is a higher amount of strain observed for microgroove implant/bone samples compared to non-groove implant/bone samples. Thus, the laser-induced microgrooves have the potential to be used clinically in TKR components.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117107173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Design of Indoor-Outdoor Powerchair","authors":"Violet Cunningham, Alex Tilton, Dylon Maertens, Shawn Duan","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-23497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-23497","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities often struggle with mobility issues, so there is a strong desire for devices such as powerchairs, which can provide more freedom. Currently, wheelchair demand in the US is increasing due to an upsurge in the elderly population. Often electric powerchairs suitable for outdoor use are extremely expensive, cannot be used indoors, and are not covered by medical insurance. In this project, these problems are addressed through the design of a chair which is suitable for both rough outdoor terrain and indoor use. This project is based on a request for a powerchair which our client’s son, who has cerebral palsy, can use on family trips in outdoor environments including grass, gravel, and sand. A photo of a previous nonfunctional prototype was provided to the team as a reference, and a full redesign was performed to resolve the problems identified. Before proceeding with the design, various sources were consulted to gain a thorough understanding of currently available technology and design methods. Many different adjustment methods and features were considered, including an adjustable frame, tracks, and a lifting system for curb mounting. The overall design selected is a welded sheet metal frame with wheels, and it was determined that the chair should have an adjustable wheelbase width to provide both outdoor stability and indoor maneuverability. Key considerations for the design include battery life, motor torque, maximum load, seat size, door width, and cost. The final specifications are based on the needs of the client, Kevin Sample, as well as an analysis of the wider consumer market. The width adjustment design uses an axle above the driving wheels, which are connected to it by sliding sleeves. Automatic adjustment is accomplished using a linear actuator. The drive wheels are large and run at low pressure to surmount obstacles and damp vibrations. Differential steering combined with rear caster wheels gives the chair a small turning radius, and its length is comparable to that of standard manual wheelchairs. The seat can be easily removed to access the battery and control system or to load the chair into a vehicle. A joystick is used to control the speed and direction of the chair, while a separate momentary switch is used for the linear actuator. Throughout the modeling process, stress analysis was performed using simulations in Inventor. Any necessary adjustments were made to ensure that none of the parts will fail, considering both failure theory and fatigue. Various grades of aluminum were selected for the majority of the manufactured parts, due to their corrosion resistance and light weight. The device is currently in the prototype manufacturing stage. If it is later marketed, a curb mounting device may also be included; this was decided against mainly due to cost and time restrictions. Space has also been left for a carrying basket, which will likely be added to the first prototype. The initial goal is to produc","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123924397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Bacterial Contamination in Partial Penetration Surrogate Ballistic Wounds","authors":"Michelle R. Frybarger, K. H. Muci-Küchler","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2020-23897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2020-23897","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the rise in use of IEDs during armed conflicts, there has been an increase in the number of injuries to the extremities. Shrapnel and debris ejected during the explosion become high-speed projectiles capable of penetrating soft tissues, bringing bacterial contamination into the wound. If not properly treated, that contamination could lead to infection. Studies aimed at understanding the distribution of bacterial contamination along the permanent cavity could provide useful information to improve treatment protocols for these types of injuries. In this paper, a lower extremity surrogate model was used to investigate bacterial distribution in partial penetration ballistic wounds. The targets used were ballistic gelatin blocks that had an Escherichia coli-laden filter paper placed on their front face. Spherical projectiles were fired into the targets adjusting their speed to obtain three different partial penetration depths. After each shot, a gelatin strip containing the permanent cavity was extracted and segmented. The permanent cavity was removed from each segment, placed in a test tube with buffer solution, and heated in a water bath to melt the gelatin. Standard microbiology protocols were followed to determine the number of colony forming units (CFUs) in each segment. The bacteria distribution was represented by percent of total CFU in the permanent cavity versus segment number. In addition, bacterial contamination as a function of projectile penetration depth was explored. For the cases considered, most of the bacterial contamination occurred in the segments closer to the projectile entry point.","PeriodicalId":314012,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125964787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}