The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development最新文献

{"title":"Reading Disorders","authors":"Nicholas Stuart","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132312022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonparental Child Care","authors":"Elizabeth A. Shuey, N. P. Hetzner","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131615020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embedded Teaching","authors":"Erica S. Jowett Hirst, Paige Boydston","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133940176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic Violence","authors":"C. Piotrowski, N. Letourneau","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114469381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encopresis","authors":"Christina M. Low Kapalu, E. Christophersen","doi":"10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2608 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115619464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Identity","authors":"Kay Crowell","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127449105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy and Perspective Taking","authors":"J. Graaff, S. Overgaauw, M. Wied, S. Branje","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad473","url":null,"abstract":"Empathy concerns a response of one individual to the emotional experiences of another. Currently, most scholars agree that cognitive as well as affective processes are involved in empathic responses. That is, observing someone who is experiencing an emotion may evoke a congruent emotion in the observer, and may also evoke perspective-taking processes, which individuals use to imagine others’ situations. The former is mainly an affective response, referred to here with the term empathy, whereas the latter is a cognitive response, referred to here with the term perspective taking. Empathy can result in sympathy or personal distress. Sympathy (also labeled empathic concern) is defined as a vicarious emotional reaction based on the apprehension of another’s internal state, and involves feelings of concern for others. Personal distress (also labeled empathic distress) is an aversive affective reaction, such as discomfort or anxiety, resulting from empathic overarousal induced by viewing another’s negative emotion. Since personal distress is a self-focused reaction, it may hinder sympathy and perspective taking (Eisenberg, Shea, Carlo, & Knight, 1991). This entry uses the term empathy to refer to both empathy and sympathy, as these terms are used interchangably in the literature. Empathy and perspective taking are thought to facilitate each other, and have indeed been found to be related in adolescence, concurrently as well as longitudinally. Both empathy and perspective taking are deemed to play important roles in adolescents’ social and moral development, although their specific effects may be different. Further, empathy and perspective taking can be construed in terms of both a relatively stable dispositional characteristic (i.e., trait empathy) and a response as it occurs in specific situations (i.e., state empathy). In line with the notion that individual differences in trait empathy and perspective taking influence the likelihood of engaging in empathy-related processes in particular situations, a study among adolescents indeed revealed that trait empathy and perspective taking predicted state empathy and perspective taking (Van der Graaff et al., 2016).","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126076925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Competence","authors":"Sarah K. Davis, P. Qualter","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.WECAD475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.WECAD475","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional competence (EC) is a multi-facetted construct encompassing a broad range of emotion-related skills (e.g., perception) and dispositional qualities (e.g., self-efficacy) that are considered important for psychological, social, and educational adjustment across adolescence. We describe how EC is defined and measured, together with developmental changes in EC across the adolescent period. Emotional intelligence theory offers a holistic framework for organizing EC research. Using that framework as a guide, evidence linking emotional skills and emotion-related dispositions to mental health and academic outcomes in adolescence is critically examined, with particular attention paid to considering whether EC is useful for buffering the effects of stress. We also discuss school-training programs designed to increase EC and reduce internalizing and externalizing problems. We conclude by suggesting ways in which the field may progress to more fully elucidate the role of EC in adolescent adaptation.","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127630950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eriksonian Theory","authors":"J. Côté","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126584015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disorders of Movement","authors":"Laura St. John, J. Cairney","doi":"10.1002/9781119171492.wecad043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313864,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125200108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}