Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav最新文献

{"title":"The European Union after the Crisis: Risks and Opportunities—The Problem of “Uncomfortable Knowledge” and “Institutionalised Forgetfulness”","authors":"Joseph (Jože) Straus","doi":"10.51940/2022.1.9-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2022.1.9-41","url":null,"abstract":"The crisis caused by the war in Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic constitutes the most serious challenge for Europe since World War II. The crisis threatens Europe’s security and economy to an unprecedented level. No prediction on when and how the crisis will end is possible. However, irrespective of its end, there is no doubt that for Europe, it will generate costs amounting to several hundreds of billions if not even some trillions of Euros, i.e. seriously harm and weaken the European economy and endanger Europe’s position as a global economic power. It will also result in fundamental changes of international economic and political relations. Searching for, working on and designing rational and effective solutions to successfully master the aftermath of the crisis politically and economically should have a priority for the European Union, coming next only to the incredibly challenging efforts to master the ongoing crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic as well as the war in Ukraine caught the EU by surprise and unprepared. Europe should avoid such an experience in the future. Regardless of how this crisis will end, mastering\u0000its aftermath and identifying the respective risks and opportunities of the EU will have to start with identifying the main beneficiary(ies) of the crisis and analysing its (their) treatment of the EU and its Member States before and during the crisis. This will not be possible by limiting the actions to the day-to-day business, such as finding new suppliers for raw materials and energy, harmonising fiscal rules, providing the necessary funds to\u0000master the financial crisis, etc. A much broader visionary approach will be necessary to find solutions for sustainable peace in Europe. An outcome such as that of the Treaty of Versailles should be avoided. One should prevent the “sleepwalkers” of today, i.e. those ignoring the “uncomfortable knowledge”, letting Europe slide into World War III. The\u0000EU should make it clear to all of its Members, for Europe, the “European Solidarity’, with all of its attributes, constitutes the core of the EU’s genuine interests, including those of security and defence. This will require also amendments of the TEU and TFEU discussed in this paper. Otherwise, the EU and its Members will never acquire the status of an equal animal—in the global context—i.e. become truly sovereign and independent.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44731132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zgodovinski razvoj pojma javnih služb in storitve splošnega gospodarskega pomena v pravu EU – javne službe med konkurenčnostjo in solidarnostjo","authors":"Anže Dobelšek","doi":"10.51940/2022.329-361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2022.329-361","url":null,"abstract":"Nova evropska pravna ureditev močno vpliva na ureditev storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena. Od sedanje pravne ureditve javne službe se je osredinila predvsem na pravni režim za podeljevanje posebnih ali izključnih pravic za opravljanje teh dejavnosti, pri čemer je pustila ob strani sedanjo ureditev pravnih in organizacijskih oblik izvajalcev teh storitev v nacionalni zakonodaji in določa le pogoje, ki jih morajo ti izvajalci izpolnjevati za neposredno pridobitev posebnih ali izključnih pravic za opravljanje teh dejavnosti. Predvideva tudi enotno ureditev temeljev konkurenčnega postopka za podelitev poseb-\u0000nih ali izključnih pravic za izvajanje storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena, ki so podlaga za ureditev tega postopka v nacionalni zakonodaji. Nabor novosti je v svojem bistvu nova pravna ureditev, ki je odpravila dolgoletno pomanjkljivo ureditev na tem področju,\u0000zlasti v zvezi s pravili evropskega konkurenčnega prava.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otok sredi Evrope? Vpetost Vrhovnega sodišča RS v evropski medsodniški dialog","authors":"Jaka Kukavica","doi":"10.51940/2022.1.69-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2022.1.69-96","url":null,"abstract":"Prispevek obravnava položaj Vrhovnega sodišča Republike Slovenije v medsodniškem dialogu v Evropi prek analize medsebojnih sklicev med vrhovnimi sodišči držav članic EU. Razlikuje med aktivno udeležbo Vrhovnega sodišča RS v medsodniškem dialogu – sklicevanjem Vrhovnega sodišča RS na druga evropska vrhovna sodišča – in pasivno udeležbo – sklicevanjem drugih evropskih vrhovnih sodišč na odločitve Vrhovnega sodišča RS. Medsebojne sklice smo identificirali na podlagi iskanja vnaprej določenih iskalnih gesel v podatkovnih bazah odločitev vrhovnih sodišč v vseh 28 državah članicah EU. V populaciji približno 1.330.000 odločitev, ki so jih vrhovna sodišča v EU sprejela v ob-\u0000dobju 2000–2018 v zadevah zasebnega prava, smo identificirali skoraj 3.000 odločitev, v katerih so se evropska vrhovna sodišča medsebojno sklicevala. V primerjalnem kontekstu se Vrhovno sodišče RS v medsodniški dialog aktivno vključuje zmerno pogosto: na druga\u0000evropska vrhovna sodišča se je sklicevalo v 63 primerih s heterogenim vzorcem sklicev, ki ga prispevek podrobno analizira. Pasivno je Vrhovno sodišče RS v medsodniški dialog vključeno redko: le v enem primeru se je tuje vrhovno sodišče sklicevalo na njegovo odločitev. Takšna skoraj popolna izoliranost je značilna tudi za druga vrhovna sodišča\u0000novejših in manjših držav članic, katerih delovni jezik je širšemu občinstvu nerazumljiv. Prispevek ponudi razmislek o tem, kaj bi bilo potrebno, da bi se Vrhovno sodišče RS bolj trdno postavilo na evropski zemljevid kot enakovreden diskurzivni partner bolj uveljavljenim vrhovnim sodiščem.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasserting the Principle of Legality in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Note on the Decision U-I-79/21 of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia","authors":"M. Kos","doi":"10.51940/2022.1.365-379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2022.1.365-379","url":null,"abstract":"In a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Slovenian Government adopted numerous measures that were substantively similar to those, adopted in other states. The scope and intensity of those measures significantly affected the principle of the separation of powers and the protection of human rights. In this context, the Constitutional Court of\u0000the Republic of Slovenia adopted Decision U-I-79/21, which marked the contours for the review of legality and constitutionality of the Governmental measures in subsequent cases. The key message of the Decision was the demand for the strict observance of the principle of legality when adopting measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19,\u0000which interfere with human rights. This article explains the context of the Decision and presents key arguments from the Decision and the concurring and dissenting opinions as well as the response of the expert community.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47638774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Izbira Sodnega sveta: ignorantia rationis nocet?","authors":"Mohor Fajdiga","doi":"10.51940/2021.1.63-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2021.1.63-83","url":null,"abstract":"Kadrovanje v sodstvu je trenutno v Evropi posebej vroča tema. V Sloveniji ima v izbirnih postopkih osrednjo vlogo Sodni svet, ki naj bi kot garant sodniške neodvisnosti zagotavljal izbor najbolj kompetentnih kandidatov. Toda postopek izbire ni pregleden, obrazložitev izbire pa je preskopa in neprepričljiva. Avtor zato najprej oriše odziv slovenskih sodišč na táko odločanje Sodnega sveta. V sodni praksi se je uveljavil zadržan sodni nadzor, ki temelji na zaupanju diskrecijski izbiri Sodnega sveta. V prispevku je zato slovenska ureditev ocenjena v luči najnovejših evropskih standardov: pravice do učinkovitega sodnega varstva in z zakonom ustanovljenega sodišča, iz 6. člena Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah in 19. člena Pogodbe o EU. Kot problematična se izkažeta predvsem neustrezna obrazložitev odločitev in dejstvo, da Sodni svet v nasprotju z veljavno zakonodajo ne piše zapisnika o posvetovanju.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42741140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will Artificial Intelligence Change Some Patent Law Paradigms?","authors":"J. Straus","doi":"10.51940/2021.1.11-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2021.1.11-61","url":null,"abstract":"After a brief introduction into the tools of artificial intelligence (AI), the author uses three important research achievements attributed by science writers entirely to the AI to examine the correctness of such reporting in the light of the original research reports. The author presents the practice of the EPO, JPO, SIPO and USPTO, which all in principle grant patents for AI-related inventions. A critical reflection on the academic debate questioning the ability of the established patent law paradigms to master the challenges of the AI technology follows. The facts of the broadly publicised “DABUS” patent applications serve to demonstrate the weakness of the assertion that AI autonomously invented the claimed inventions and to point to the deficiencies of the system and suggest measures to adequately determine, e.g. the prior art, and assess the inventive step requirement for AI- related inventions. In line with the practice of the leading patent offices of the world, the understanding and assessment of that practice by its main users, the author believes that under the impact of the AI technology, the settled patent law paradigms will undergo certain evolutionary adaptations, but will not change as to their substance. Finally, the article critically comments on the EU plans to adopt a regulation, which would specifically deal with all complex aspects of patenting AI related inventions.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47012127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iusta causa traditionis. Narava pravne\u0000podlage izročitve v luči antinomije\u0000Iul. D. 41, 1, 36 in Ulp. D. 12, 1, 18","authors":"Vid Žepič","doi":"10.51940/2021.1.201-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2021.1.201-238","url":null,"abstract":"Pojmovanje pravne podlage izročitve (iusta causa traditionis) je bilo od nekdaj eno najspornejših vprašanj v romanistiki. V Digeste so bili vneseni nasprotujoči si odlomki, Justinijanovi kompilatorji pa se tudi v Institucijah niso nedvoumno opredelili o tem, ali tradicija kot temeljni razpolagalni pravni posel za svojo učinkovitost predpostavlja veljavno pravno podlago. Kljub danes prevladujočemu mnenju, da je bila zasnova rimske tradicije tako v klasičnem kot Justinijanovem obdobju kavzalna, ni jasno, v čem je bila narava zatrjevane kavzalnosti. Eno najspornejših mest ostaja antinomija med Julijanovim odlomkom D. 41, 1, 36, kjer se zdi, da eden največjih rimskih juristov zagovarja abstraktno tradicijo, in kavzalno navdahnjenim Ulpijanovim odlomkom D. 12, 1, 18. Avtor predstavi in kritično ovrednoti najnovejše poglede na razumevanje razmerja med obema odlomkoma ter sklene, da poskusi njune harmonizacije niso smiselni, Julijanovo stališče, ki ne trpi posploševanja, pa pripiše juristovi značilni argumentacijski samoniklosti.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48307798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otrokove koristi – pravica ali zgolj načelo Listine EU o temeljnih pravicah?","authors":"Ana Samobor","doi":"10.51940/2021.1.177-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2021.1.177-199","url":null,"abstract":"Listina EU o temeljnih pravicah v prvem odstavku 51. člena in petem odstavku 52. člena uvaja razlikovanje med pravicami in načeli. Čeprav je bilo to razlikovanje eno pomembnejših vprašanj v procesu snovanja njenega besedila, iz Listine ni mogoče razbrati niti tega, katere izmed določb so načela in katere pravice, niti pravnih posledic take razmejitve. Oblikovanje meril in klasifikacija posameznih določb je torej v rokah Sodišča EU, vendar sodna praksa (še) ne ponuja jasnih zaključkov. Ena od določb, katerih pravna narava ostaja nejasna, je tudi drugi odstavek 24. člena Listine, ki določa, naj se pri vseh ukrepih, ki se nanašajo na otroke, upoštevajo predvsem njihove koristi. Avtorica se v prispevku na podlagi razmeroma skope sodne prakse ter relevantne literature opredeljuje do pravne narave navedene določbe ter pravnih posledic njene klasifikacije.","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam: prof. dr. Ljubo Bavcon (1924–2021)","authors":"Matjaž Ambrož","doi":"10.51940/2021.1.7-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51940/2021.1.7-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31385,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Znanstvenih Razprav","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48737805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}