ILIRIA International Review最新文献_第6页

The Albanian Prizren League factor and beyond: distinct developments exposed by the Western sources 阿尔巴尼亚-普里兹伦联盟因素及其他因素：西方消息来源揭露的明显事态发展

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.519

M. Salihu

{"title":"The Albanian Prizren League factor and beyond: distinct developments exposed by the Western sources","authors":"M. Salihu","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.519","url":null,"abstract":"For many countries in Europe, both in the West and in the East, the nineteenth century was critical in their respective paths towards the attainment of national independence goals. Each nation had its own unique struggles in that political course. Albania, and the Albanian nation was no exception. The seizure of the Albanian territory by the Montenegro, Serbia and Greece during the last two centuries severely affected the Albanian nation. The aim of this research, however, is not to focus exclusively on the ways and means related to Albanian territory division, but to delve into foundations of the selected events, with great impact to the Albanian nation. The current developments and challenges in the Albanian territories in the Balkans cannot be productively analyzed without examining the historical context, within which, the Prizren League played a critical part. Indeed, even though the League, at the time, was largely overlooked by the Western powers, still played, an important role in the ensuing Albanian historical developments. The League, initially an Ottoman supporting mechanism, of mutual (Albanian-Ottoman) interest, developed into an autonomous organization revolting to the perceived enemies of the Albanian cause, later, even against the Ottomans. This study aims to highlight the causes of the formation of the Prizren League, its activities, Albanian revolts against the perceived enemies and other related topics that painted their ordinary life, in the stipulated period. The objective of the research is to focus exclusively on the Western sources visa-a-vis the examined topics in an endeavor, to present, as much as possible, an unbiased picture of events and developments. Numerous themes have been explored in light of many old and authentic sources, in an attempt to enrich the quantity of the examined themes with qualitative inputs...","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"303-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46626446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From ECSC to European Union: An Analysis of the Evolution of the Institutions of European Integration 从ECSC到欧盟：欧洲一体化制度演变分析

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.514

Dr.sc. Constantine Hadjilambrinos

{"title":"From ECSC to European Union: An Analysis of the Evolution of the Institutions of European Integration","authors":"Dr.sc. Constantine Hadjilambrinos","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.514","url":null,"abstract":"The policymaking process of the European Union (EU) is particularly convoluted and reflects an institutional structure that is unique among governance entities. The institutional structure of the Union is complex, with a multitude of co-decision making and advisory bodies. The ways in which these institutions interact in the Union’s policymaking process (i.e., the EU’s organizational structure) is governed by a complex set of treaties. We argue that institutional and organizational structures have normative content because they embody specific ideologies of integration. A historical analysis of the evolution of European integration reveals that the peculiarities of the European Union's institutional and organizational structure are a result of the influence of three distinct ideologies about the desired nature of international organization: functionalism, intergovernmentalism, and federalism. The Union's roots as the European Coal and Steel Community and the ideas of Jean Monnet concerning the shape and path of European integration, moderated by federalist and intergovernmentalist ideas, were fundamental in determining the European Union’s institutional structure and shaping its policymaking process.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"209-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43843809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Quality of Student Life in the Republic of North Macedonia 北马其顿共和国学生生活质量

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.509

Dr.Sc. Elizabeta Mitreva, Dr.Sc. Bardhyl Tush

引用次数: 0

Celebrating victory: art and war booty in Classical GrCelebrating victory: art and war booty in Classical Greeceeece 庆祝胜利:古典希腊的艺术与战利品

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.516

Dr.Sc. Lucia Novakova, Dr.Sc. Romana Šályová

{"title":"Celebrating victory: art and war booty in Classical GrCelebrating victory: art and war booty in Classical Greeceeece","authors":"Dr.Sc. Lucia Novakova, Dr.Sc. Romana Šályová","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.516","url":null,"abstract":"The celebration of victory, along with the demonstration of power and invincibility, was one of the key elements of public art in advanced ancient civilizations. Ancient Greece was no exception. Classical Athenian art was largely funded by the Athenians’ military booty and the members of the Delian League. Every piece of work was designed to make the unity and power of the Greek world visible, led by Athens, to emphasize the difference between Greeks and those they called barbarians. Permanent monuments, tropaia , served to constantly remind people of the great triumphs of the Hellenes over defeated enemies. They began to appear during the Greco-Persian Wars. These were community works that later became a model for the propaganda repertoire of the Romans and other nations. However, there were not the only Greek memorials celebrating victory. In individual city-states and temple districts were buildings, sculptures and paintings celebrating the power of Hellenes that were complemented by literary works of poets and playwrights. The effort to make military power and superiority more visible in art was also characterized by the fratricidal battles of the Greeks during the Peloponnesian Wars.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"254-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46209560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Student’s Attitudes and Perceptions of Effective Grammar Acquisition in the Second Language Classroom 第二语言课堂中学生对有效语法习得的态度和感知

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.518

Dr.Sc. Almasa Mulalić

{"title":"Student’s Attitudes and Perceptions of Effective Grammar Acquisition in the Second Language Classroom","authors":"Dr.Sc. Almasa Mulalić","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.518","url":null,"abstract":"Grammar is the backbone of any language learning; it is the main constituent of booth written language and oral communication. Grammar also facilitates the transfer of thoughts and ideas to the other people. Thus, the researchers and language theorists have different views on the importance of teaching grammar to language learners. On one hand, some researchers argue for teaching structural grammar, while the others argue for the communicative teaching approach. In order to test the main research questions this research was based on adopted questionnaire that was distributed to undergraduate students at the International University of Sarajevo. The questionnaire entitled “Student’s perceptions of grammar learning,” determined student’s perceptions, ideas, methods and experiences in learning grammar. This research also analyzed how students acquired grammar by examining their definitions of grammar, importance of grammar, need of grammar learning, grammar learning techniques and methods and error correction and feedback in ESL. In order to get the results we used SPSS program in which frequencies for specific questions were obtained. Obtained data from the research on both teaching and learning grammar will be valuable for course development, planning and teaching grammar. Data will lead researchers and teachers to match students’ needs and interests on the path of effective grammar learning in ESL.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"283-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43221807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Question of Waqf in Turkey from its Ottoman Past to the Present 从奥斯曼帝国的过去到现在土耳其的宗教基金问题

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.513

Dr.Sc. Sanem Aksoy Dursun

{"title":"The Question of Waqf in Turkey from its Ottoman Past to the Present","authors":"Dr.Sc. Sanem Aksoy Dursun","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.513","url":null,"abstract":"After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the traditional waqf law has gone through a reform. Republican reforms abolished the Islamic waqfs and replaced them with \"foundations\", an institution adapted from the Swiss Civil Code as it was regarded practically more eligible to reshape the former system. Turkish Republic introduced a new civil code in 1926. Under this new code , the waqf institution was changed into an organization detached from its Islamic background. The present essay is going to examine the waqf reform carried out in modern Turkey. The kind of the waqf prescribed by the code of 1926 and the waqfs existed during the Ottoman times were entirely different institutions. The predominant aspect of the newly introduced waqf is evident in its new status which is detached from its religious background. It was actually created and appropriated by considering the similar European organizations. Under the new law waqf is realized as a legal entity. The Islamic perpetuity principle has a rather different meaning under the Turkish Civil code. In this respect, this article will not only consider the legal aspects of waqf law but also it will consider the historical circumstances that paved the way to reshaping the former waqf system in the Republican era.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"181-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44192085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Reintegration Needs of Illegal Migrant Returnees to Omo Nada District Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚民族地区州Omo Nada区Jimma区的非法移民返回者重返社会的需要

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.506

Dr.Sc. Gudina Abashula

{"title":"The Reintegration Needs of Illegal Migrant Returnees to Omo Nada District Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Dr.Sc. Gudina Abashula","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.506","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the reintegration needs of the returnee there is important to design reintegration program, reintegrate and enable them to become independent and productive members of the community; the identification of these needs are often neglected in academic studies. The objective of the study was to explore the reintegration needs sought by returnees to Omo Nada district after return. To this end, I conducted a resourceful study in Omo Nada district in 2017. I collected the data by means of in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. I used thematic analysis to analyze the findings. The study identified the need for support in the form of health services, counselling, housing, employment, skills training, finances, loans and social support as the major reintegration needs sought by the study participants. Despite the many needs identified, the returnees could not get reintegration support. Due to this, they were not able to reintegrate into their communities. Returning to the pre-migration conditions which drove them to migrate ‘illegally' in the first place, with no hope of any reintegration assistance, led some returnees to intend re-migrate illegally.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"29-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An analysis of the European Enlargement Policy through years: the case of Western Balkans 多年来欧洲扩大政策分析:以西巴尔干为例

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.515

M. Rexha

{"title":"An analysis of the European Enlargement Policy through years: the case of Western Balkans","authors":"M. Rexha","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.515","url":null,"abstract":"No matter its peculiarities, enlargement policy through its conditionality policy instrument is viewed as the most successful EU foreign policy. It is argued that enlargement has strengthened and stabilized democracy in Europe. This review article discusses the enlargement policy towards the Western Balkans since the 2003 Thessaloniki Summit and the Union’s efforts and mechanisms to maintain enlargement at the forefront. These mechanisms include forums and summits of discussion between EU and Western Balkan key actors, various strategies on enlargement, and financial dedications to fostering reform implementation like IPA. The 2003 Summit is considered a critical point in regards to refocusing attention and efforts to enlargement and reaffirming a European future for the Balkan region; therefore, it is important to consider all alternations from that point in time. Thus, the aim is to look at enlargement policy through years and provide an insightful view to the enlargement credibility that allows us to critically review it. To achieve the set goal, this article employees the content analysis methodology. The results show that although the Commission has shown its commitment to enlargement from time to time, the enlargement policy has been at stake at different times from 2003. The raise of the populism right wing parties in Europe, the growth of eurospectis and spread of terrorism are few of the contributing factors to the enlargement fatigue.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"234-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41945949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Jovanovich’s Learning Effects Model to Predict Advantageous Product among Micro and Small agro-food manufacturing Enterprises in Kenya 利用Jovanovich的学习效应模型预测肯尼亚微型和小型农产品制造企业的优势产品

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.520

Dr.Sc. Francis Okumu Omillo

{"title":"Using Jovanovich’s Learning Effects Model to Predict Advantageous Product among Micro and Small agro-food manufacturing Enterprises in Kenya","authors":"Dr.Sc. Francis Okumu Omillo","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.520","url":null,"abstract":"Advantageous product is a product with a competitive edge over others in the market. It attracts more revenue for the enterprise, fulfils sophisticated customer demands and is highly differentiated. In this paper, enterprise’s size and age influence on advantageous food products for local and export markets are examined. Formality is considered as a moderating factor. The study sampled 132 food-manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Busia and Nairobi Counties. The researcher used Jovanovich’s Learning Effect Model to inform the conceptual framework. A seven Likert Scale questionnaire was used to measure the MSEs’ gradation in opinion, attitude and behaviour on size, age, registration and how they influenced their advantageous product. Research instruments’ reliability was tested by chronbach’s alpha and realized 0.97 which was greater than 0.70 showing excellent internal consistency . Due to weak information management system of agro-food processors in Busia county, snowballing sampling techniques was used and fisher sampling techniques formula at standard normal deviate of 1.96 on Nairobi County Government given its numerous food manufacturing enterprises. The data was analyzed using moderated Logit model at a corresponding 5% level of significance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The study found out that enterprise size, age and registration status (as a whole) significantly influenced agro-food processors to produce advantageous product ( wald (1) = 41.297 , p=.000, sig<.05, 2-tailed) but not as independent stand alone factor. The study recommends census of all agro-food manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. It also suggests combination of size and age factors in the registration and development of the enterprises. Finally the study recommends establishment of a food and beverage administration authority to support MSEs for export market.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"11-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42450244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Overview of Doing Business in Western Balkan: The Analysis of Advantages of Doing Business in Kosovo and North Macedonia 西巴尔干地区营商概况:科索沃和北马其顿营商优势分析

ILIRIA International Review Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.21113/IIR.V9I2.512

Dr.Sc. Gëzim Jusufi, Ma. Getoar Lubeniqi

{"title":"An Overview of Doing Business in Western Balkan: The Analysis of Advantages of Doing Business in Kosovo and North Macedonia","authors":"Dr.Sc. Gëzim Jusufi, Ma. Getoar Lubeniqi","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.512","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving sustainable market economies in the Western Balkan countries will depend on a number of barriers being overcome. For this reason, these countries lack competitiveness in the business environment. Many problems in the business environment are persistent but common problems across of the countries of this region are getting electricity and construction permits. These problems or barriers are set out in Doing Business Reports of World Bank. The paper reviews doing business in Western Balkan countries especially in Kosovo and North Macedonia. The main goal of this paper is to analyze of the advantages of doing business in Kosovo and North Macedonia, where does Kosovo stand in terms of doing business in relation to North Macedonia and what Kosovo needs to learn from North Macedonia in order to improve the business environment. To achieve the set goal, we have used the integrative review method. The results show that North Macedonia is a leader in the Western Balkans in doing business because the great campaign done by the Macedonian institutions for attracting Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). So, Kosovo should be based on North Macedonian practices. A new investment campaign in Kosovo would certainly have a positive impact on business environment.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44122188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9