Litera最新文献

{"title":"The system of characters in the novel «Erenger» by Mari writer M. Shketan","authors":"Tatyana Nikolaevna Belyaeva, Nadezhda Vasilevna Guseva","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69259","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation of characters with each other, their individual characteristics in the novel by Yakov Pavlovich Mayorov (pen name is Shketan) «Erener». The artistic significance of literary characters in revealing the ideological and thematic content of the work, its problems, ways of expressing their character are revealed. Such heroes as Evai Petr, Vanka Savelyev, Verush, Orina, Shamrai Shumat, Klavdia Algaeva, being in the center of the prose writer’s attention and having a firm character and strong will, are actively transform the artistic reality. Through actions, deeds performed, external and internal manifestations of the personality of the main character Evai Petyr, the author’s basic concept of peace and man in it is expressed. This large art canvas reflects the history, life, culture of the Mari people of the early 20th century; the spiritual appearance and character of the Soviet people. The writer managed to reveal the individual originality of the character traits of each hero of the work, psychologically subtly outline his inner world, thoughts and experiences. Revealing the fate of typical heroes of different social strata: the social formation of communists, rural intelligentsia, wealthier peasants and merchants, poor peasants who were the first to support Soviet regime, M. Shketan tells about the life of the Mari people in the period before the October Revolution of 1917, in the first decade of Soviet regime. The wide coverage of political, social problems and deep coverage of life processes in all their complexity and versatility, a vivid character system determined the artistic significance of the work. The main feature in the depiction of the novel’s characters is that their life is shown in a creative relationship: influencing each other, changing the social system, the way of life, they change the heroes themselves.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexical units nominating women in the paremias about the gender inequality of the Russian language","authors":"Xue Yang","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69367","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Russian linguistic and cultural community gender stereotypes reflecting the inequality between men and women in the Russian linguistic and cultural community, verbalized by the paremias of the Russian language; the subject of the study are such nominating components as \"woman\", \"wife\", \"daughter\", \"mother—in-law\". The material under study forms part of the national picture of the world, of which the paremic corpus is a part. Special attention is paid to the verbalization of gender stereotypes in the studied parodies. The aim of the study is to describe the lexical units that nominate women and are used as part of the Russian language related thematically to the linguistic markers of gender inequality. The relevance of this study is determined by both linguistic and extralinguistic parameters. The first group includes an interest in the linguistic and cultural analysis of the paremiological fund, including in a comparative aspect. The second group of factors includes a social demand to satisfy the need to understand the mentality of representatives of the Russian linguistic culture. The following methods were used in this article: systematization, generalization, description, semantic analysis, conceptual analysis, linguistic and cultural analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it presents in a generalized form gender stereotypes that take place in the Russian language community and which are verbalized in paremias with nominating components \"woman\", \"wife\", \"daughter\", \"mother-in-law\", indicating a social role of a woman (wife, mother, mother-in-law, daughter). The main conclusions of the study are the following : historically, the Russian linguistic and cultural community has developed a pejorative view of a woman as a member of society. Russian language parodies with such nominating components as \"woman\", \"wife\", \"daughter\", \"mother-in-law\" most often actualize negative connotations that are expressed at the explicit level. This is confirmed by currently existing Russian gender studies, which show that there are certain patterns of male and female verbal behavior in the Russian language, the differences in which are probabilistic in nature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"113 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The derivative preposition \"in the account\": the specifics of functioning","authors":"Qiaohua Zhang, Elena Sergeevna Sheremeteva","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69296","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of the study is the word form \"in the account\", which performs a prepositional function. The subject of the study is the lexical compatibility of this word form. The purpose of this article is to present the results of the analysis of the compatibility of this word form and, on this basis, to show the features of its functioning. One of the aspects of the review is the analysis of the lexicographic representation of the word form\"in the account\" in the dictionaries. The main attention is paid to the specifics of the lexical compatibility of the word form \"in the account\", which occupies the position of the right and left components of the structure formed by this word form, including the thematic groups into which vocabulary is combined in the context of the word form \"in the account\". Considerable attention is paid to the issues of grammaticalization in the aspect of the transition of nouns into prepositions. The signs allowing to determine the degree of grammaticalization of the described word form are considered. The research material was collected using the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The method of collecting the material included a lexical and grammatical search according to the specified parameters. The search was conducted mainly in the newspaper and pan-chronicle buildings. The study of the selected material was carried out using a descriptive method, with the inclusion of a contextual analysis technique. As a result of the study, a typical vocabulary was identified in the position of the right and left components of the construction with the word form \"in the account\", combined into the thematic group \"finance\". This allowed us to conclude about the limited, highly specialized compatibility of this word form. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of contexts allowed us to establish both the typed compatibility of the word form \"in the account\" and the obvious signs of grammaticalization of the word form. These include decategorization and context expansion of the word form. These signs indicate the final stage of the grammaticalization process of the word form \"in the account\", functioning in constructions of a certain type. The revealed signs allow us to assert that the word form \"in the account\", if used in a prepositional function, is no longer a form of the noun \"account\" and should be included in the class of derived prepositions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"8 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concept of \"way\" as a characteristic of the image of the hero in the novel by A. A. Fadeev \"The Rout\"","authors":"Xinjie Yuan","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69352","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of the study is the representation of the concept of the \"way\" in the novel by A. A. Fadeev \"The Rout\". The purpose of the work is to describe the representations of the concept of \"way\" as a real space in the novel and as a metaphor for the changes of its characters. The space category reflects the topographical features of the Far East, helping to trace the path of the detachment in the coordinates of space through the point of view of the protagonist. The spatial frame of the narrative is built with the help of specific subject words and toponyms, which mainly represent the remote countryside and the physical geography of the Far East. The attributes that form the natural space in the novel correspond to the negative emotional changes of the characters, revealing the inherent cruelty of the Civil War. When expressing this type of spatial relationship, it is the verb that plays the dominant role, which is based on the separation according to the static/dynamic manifestation of locative semantics, at the same time, verbs of displacement significantly surpass verbs of position. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the method of linguistic description, the method of contextual analysis, and the method of semantic analysis. The text space, as an important part of the content of the novel, depicts fragments of reality, and through the spatial concept of the \"way\" builds a general spatial picture of the world. The concept of \"way\" in a metaphorical sense is a subconcept of the concept of \"Civil War\", in accordance with this, the results of this work enrich the figurative zone of the concept of \"Civil War\". An analytical algorithm for the study of text space can be applied to the spatial analysis of similar works of art. The result of the study was the conclusion that the \"way\" is one of the central concepts of the novel. The concept of \"way\" has a negative connotation, suffering occurs in the process of the detachment's retreat. In addition, A. Fadeev includes spiritual trials in the path of the revolutionary hero, the character completes internal changes in the affirmation of socialist values in external crises and complex character relationships.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"45 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138989001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological consciousness in the works of writers of small peoples of Russia (on the example of Yu. Rytheu, E. Aipina, Yu. Shestalov)","authors":"Shuangting Cheng","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article analyzes the ecological consciousness in the works of writers of the small peoples of the North of Russia. The subjects of the study are the works of Yu. Rytheu, E. Aipina. Yu. Shestalov. Unlike ecological works, ecological consciousness in the works of these writers is more connected with national continuity and cultural heritage. Globalization and modernity have had a huge impact on all spheres of development of national minorities, and they were forced to integrate into the modernization process, whether through active choice or passive acceptance.Modern economic means of industrialization, programming and rationing have an impact on the traditional ways of supporting ethnic minorities. Writers from small nations, as representatives of the advanced intelligentsia of various ethnic groups, were the first to feel this crisis and expressed their concern in their works. This article mainly uses the method of text analysis to analyze ecological consciousness in the work of writers from small peoples. The main contribution of the author is that he offers new methods of studying the literature of small peoples. Ecological consciousness in the works of writers of national minorities differs from other ecological literary works. Ecological consciousness in the works of writers of ethnic minorities is ultimately a matter of survival and sustainability of an ethnic group. At a time when the problem of globalization and modernity is becoming obvious, writers from ethnic minorities use their own literary works to raise this environmental alarm and arouse readers' attention to this problem. The author analyzes the works of writers belonging to small peoples, pointing out the various means and ways in which writers express their ecological knowledge.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"206 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The linguistic and cultural aspect of color in the Kalmyk and Korean languages","authors":"Zhanna Alekseevna Mukabenova, Roza Pyurvenovna Kharchevnikova, Mikhail Ubushaevich Monraev, Danara Aksenovna Suseeva","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69285","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the semantics and symbolism of primary colors in Kalmyk and Korean traditional cultures. The subject of our research is the content of the basic concepts of color terms in the linguistic picture of the world of Kalmyks and Koreans. Linguistic and cultural analysis of color terms in the languages under consideration allows us to determine the universal and specific features of the linguistic picture of the world, which represent the historical, cultural, social experience of two peoples, accumulated as a result of their development. The research material is proverbs and stable expressions of the Kalmyk and Korean languages. The study of basic colors in these languages is based on the theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements, which symbolize opposites that are closely related to each other. A comparative analysis of Korean and Kalmyk material identified and revealed valuable information related to the mentality, traditions and customs of these peoples, and showed the important role of color in the linguistic picture of the world of the two peoples. Color affects the social, religious, moral, emotional and interpersonal relationships of people. Despite the fact that each nation has its own way of seeing the world in its own way, analyzing various phenomena of the surrounding reality, the analysis of the material made it possible to establish that the worldview of the two peoples in terms of spiritual and moral values indicates their related cultural ties. The author examines in detail the power of the influence of color on the worldview of different peoples through the language of folklore, which will bring a fresh perspective to this area. The following methods were used in the study: comparative, comparative-typological, structural-semantic, comparative-historical, etymological and the method of complex conceptual-semantic analysis.","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functions of Korean proverbs in the political discourseof the English-language media of South Korea","authors":"Tatyana Akimovna Shekhovtsova","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69172","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The research is devoted to the study of Korean proverbs functioning in the political discourse of the English-language media of South Korea, the definition of their communicative and pragmatic functions. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the Korean paremiological units usage in English-language political media texts. To solve the tasks set in the work, the following research methods were used: communicative-pragmatic analysis based on the interpretation of the meaning and functions of proverbs within the context of a contextual situation; comparative analysis of paroemias in the context of interlanguage communication. To determine the role of paremiological units in the political texts in the communication process, elements of discursive analysis were also applied. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the functions of Korean proverbs are for the first time analyzed in the context of the English-speaking modern Internet media of South Korea. The development of the methodology for analyzing the functioning of the communicative and pragmatic functions of Korean proverbs in political mass media discourse should also be mentioned. According to the results, depending on the context, Korean proverbs in English-language media texts, performing a wide range of general linguistic and grammatical functions, are rarely used as exclusively directive statements. Based on the discursive situation and the personal intention of the author in highlighting a certain level of content of the proverb, the paremia can perform various functions. The multifunctionality of Korean proverbs allows the author to influence the reader regardless of belonging to the culture of the country. The research materials can be used to expand the content of practical courses for students of philological and linguistic specializations of universities, in applied educational activities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"70 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language Policy in Portuguese-speaking Countries: Institutional Aspect","authors":"Olga Aleksandrovna Saprykina","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.68932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.68932","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article examines the features of language policy in Portuguese-speaking countries. According to the author, language policy is the key to the solution of the linguistic problems of the national community and to the formation of the language environment. Language policy measures can be applied in three areas: institutional, educational and economic ones. In the field of institutional activity, legislative documents, especially the constitutions, are of primary importance. They determine the official or co-official status of the language. This study analyses the texts of the Constitutions and of the key acts of the Commonwealth of Portuguese Language Countries, which are the Declaration of Unification and the Charter. In addition, digital editions of the updated orthographic dictionaries were considered as a means to developing a unified spelling standard, which takes into account the national and territorial differentiation of the Portuguese language. The author notes that the language policy in Portuguese-language countries, being an instrument of nation-building and a symbol of the development of national culture, is at the same time a means to achieving political goals and a manifestation of historically marked identity. Through the analysis of the content of official documents, the author comes to the conclusion that Portuguese-speaking countries, being ethnically heterogeneous, are converging within the framework of language policy. Language policy, in turn, takes into consideration the priorities of youth policy, which involves the integration of young people with the help of the latest technological resources.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"1 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of creating a corporate question-and-answer system using generative pre-trained language models","authors":"Aleksei Golikov, Dmitrii Akimov, Maksim Romanovskii, Sergei Trashchenkov","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69353","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes various ways to use generative pre-trained language models to build a corporate question-and-answer system. A significant limitation of the current generative pre-trained language models is the limit on the number of input tokens, which does not allow them to work \"out of the box\" with a large number of documents or with a large document. To overcome this limitation, the paper considers the indexing of documents with subsequent search query and response generation based on two of the most popular open source solutions at the moment – the Haystack and LlamaIndex frameworks. It has been shown that using the open source Haystack framework with the best settings allows you to get more accurate answers when building a corporate question-and-answer system compared to the open source LlamaIndex framework, however, requires the use of an average of several more tokens.    The article used a comparative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of using generative pre-trained language models in corporate question-and-answer systems using the Haystack and Llamaindex frameworks. The evaluation of the obtained results was carried out using the EM (exact match) metric. The main conclusions of the conducted research on the creation of question-answer systems using generative pre-trained language models are: 1. Using hierarchical indexing is currently extremely expensive in terms of the number of tokens used (about 160,000 tokens for hierarchical indexing versus 30,000 tokens on average for sequential indexing), since the response is generated by sequentially processing parent and child nodes. 2. Processing information using the Haystack framework with the best settings allows you to get somewhat more accurate answers than using the LlamaIndex framework (0.7 vs. 0.67 with the best settings). 3. Using the Haystack framework is more invariant with respect to the accuracy of responses in terms of the number of tokens in the chunk. 4. On average, using the Haystack framework is more expensive in terms of the number of tokens (about 4 times) than the LlamaIndex framework. 5. The \"create and refine\" and \"tree summarize\" response generation modes for the LlamaIndex framework are approximately the same in terms of the accuracy of the responses received, however, more tokens are required for the \"tree summarize\" mode.","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E. F. Rosen against Slavophilism: two articles on the \"Moskovsky sbornik\" of 1847","authors":"Nikolai Viktorovich Kuts","doi":"10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69230","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of the study is the perception by Baron E. F. Rosen - poet, playwright and critic, author of the libretto for the opera by M. I. Glinka \"Life for the Tsar\" (1836) - of the ideas of Slavophilism and pan-Slavism in the second half of the 1840s. The object of the study was two anonymous reviews of the Slavophile \"Moscow Literary and Scientific Collection\", published in 1847, the authorship of which was announced by Rosen himself during a printed discussion with S. P. Shevyrev about N. V. Gogol's book \"Selected passages from correspondence with Friends\" published in the same year. Other printed works by Rosen on the pages of the newspaper \"Severnaya Pchela\" and the magazine \"Son of the Fatherland\" are also used as material. The main research methods are hermeneutical and cultural-historical. Rosen's texts are considered in connection with the socio-political situation of the 1840s. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of two texts not previously attributed to Rosen. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) in 1847 Rosen treated the ideas of Slavophilism and pan-Slavism sharply negatively, but in 1848, apparently, against the background of news about revolutions in Western Europe, he drew closer to the Slavophiles in reasoning about the special beginning of the Russian people, \"an unthinking sense of morality\" opposed to Western European rationalism; 2) Rosen's differences with the Slavophiles were explained by his enlightening Westernism based on N. M. Karamzin and A. S. Pushkin; 3) the official ideology of the Nicholas reign imposed a certain imprint on Rosen's views; 4) the baron assigned a powerful civilizing role to the autocratic government.\u0000","PeriodicalId":31345,"journal":{"name":"Litera","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}