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El regreso de Lula: escenarios para la nueva presidencia de Brasil 卢拉的回归:巴西新总统的设想
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/281/es
Anna Ayuso, Julimar da Silva Bichara
{"title":"El regreso de Lula: escenarios para la nueva presidencia de Brasil","authors":"Anna Ayuso, Julimar da Silva Bichara","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/281/es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/281/es","url":null,"abstract":"La elección de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva para un tercer mandato en la presidencia de Brasil supone un revulsivo para un país que enfrenta grandes retos –políticos, sociales y económicos– en un contexto nacional e internacional convulso. En una sociedad fuertemente polarizada y con unos órganos legislativos claramente escorados a la derecha, la gobernabilidad se verá condicionada por las coaliciones y los pactos ad hoc. El escenario económico debe contemplar las incertidumbres de la economía mundial, con ralentización del crecimiento económico, restricciones en las cadenas productivas de valor, inflación y tipos de interés elevados. El nuevo presidente tendrá que hacer frente a demandas sociales urgentes, como la disminución de la pobreza y el hambre, así como la recuperación de las políticas sociales redistributivas, con un margen fiscal muy limitado.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128473580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A scramble of external powers and local agency in the Horn of Africa 非洲之角的外部势力和地方机构的争夺
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/280/en
Aleksi Ylönen
{"title":"A scramble of external powers and local agency in the Horn of Africa","authors":"Aleksi Ylönen","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/280/en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/280/en","url":null,"abstract":"The Horn of Africa rarely makes international media headlines. Issues such as the Tigray conflict, extreme drought conditions and the Nile waters dispute have gained occasional global attention, but consistent and contextualized coverage is often missing. Nevertheless, the Horn is a strategically important and dynamic African sub-region that has been subject to the interplay of foreign interests and local forces for centuries. Despite recent efforts to propel economic development, external players in the Horn of Africa have often engaged in rivalries that have had destabilising consequences for the wider region. Their involvement in the Horn of Africa has mostly been adventurous and self-serving without much concern for the repercussions of their actions. Meanwhile, local state and non-state actors have taken advantage of foreign interests to strengthen their position. This analysis suggests that external actors should tone down their rivalries and engage more responsibly in the Horn of Africa to encourage local players to work for mutual benefit.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NATO looks south: priorities, strategies and instruments 北约向南看:优先事项、战略和工具
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/279/en
Eduard Soler i Lecha
{"title":"NATO looks south: priorities, strategies and instruments","authors":"Eduard Soler i Lecha","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/279/en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/279/en","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian invasion of Ukraine has changed the way the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) addresses security challenges on its southern flank. At the Madrid summit (29-30 June 2022), the allies acknowledged the importance of the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Sahel and the Middle East as a space of global geopolitical competition and an area with worrying levels of human insecurity and foci of instability. NATO could play a more constructive role on its southern flank by: 1) improving stabilisation and crisis management approaches and instruments; 2) finding ways to transform partners from security consumers to security providers; 3) enhancing NATO maritime capabilities and partnerships; 4) strengthening coordination and cooperation with the European Union (EU) and, when possible, with other regional organisations; 5) exploring common ground among NATO’s Mediterranean members; 6) increasing anticipation capacities, including by cultivating a more structured relationship with political, economic and social experts and research centres.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129190937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
La «paz total» de Gustavo Petro: el imperativo de proteger a los defensores de los derechos humanos en Colombia 古斯塔沃·佩特罗的“完全和平”:保护哥伦比亚人权维护者的必要性
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/278/es
Anna Ayuso, Aina Ferretti
{"title":"La «paz total» de Gustavo Petro: el imperativo de proteger a los defensores de los derechos humanos en Colombia","authors":"Anna Ayuso, Aina Ferretti","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/278/es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/278/es","url":null,"abstract":"El recién estrenado Gobierno de Gustavo Petro se ha propuesto como objetivo acabar con la violencia estructural en Colombia y construir la «paz total». Terminar con las agresiones y los homicidios contra los defensores de los derechos humanos es uno de los imperativos a los que debe hacer frente el nuevo presidente, por lo que algunas de las primeras medidas tomadas por su Gobierno van en este sentido. Proteger a los defensores de los derechos humanos no es solo un imperativo moral y una obligación del Estado –amparada por la legislación nacional e internacional–, sino que es también una condición para la gobernabilidad del territorio y la construcción de la paz. Petro se enfrenta a un contexto socioeconómico difícil, con muchos actores involucrados, una trama de complicidades e intereses contrapuestos y una sociedad fragmentada. En las primeras semanas de gobierno, sin embargo, el nuevo presidente ha mostrado voluntad política y una ambición efectiva para la «paz total», aunque para lograrla va a necesitar también medios materiales y una sociedad civil comprometida con el proyecto.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"476 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115668002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Military multifunctionality and democracy: a dangerous coexistence 军事多功能与民主:危险的共存
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/277/en
R. Martínez
{"title":"Military multifunctionality and democracy: a dangerous coexistence","authors":"R. Martínez","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/277/en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/277/en","url":null,"abstract":"Present changes in the world political system are obliging reconsideration of the functionality of armies, failing which they could take on roles that will end up in their obsolescence or uselessness. This critical point leads to a debate in which three arguments converge: the abolitionist, which could be regarded as ingenuous; the adaptive, which adopts the logic of the three Rs (redefine, resize, and reconvert); and the pragmatic, which ends up justifying multifunctionality of the armed forces. Multifunctionality of armies implies militarisation or, in other words, normalisation of the use of the military —or extension of the use of force— in the provision of services outside their traditional roles. In the worst case, this can lead to militarism. However, multifunctionality can also be achieved without having the use of force as a goal but, rather, an attempt to benefit society by means of the military’s status as a catch-all administration. This approach aims at tempering the military mindset, when its members are not expected to use force in the various tasks they are entrusted with.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114439711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Multifuncionalidad militar y democracia: una convivencia peligrosa 军事多功能与民主:危险的共存
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/277/es
Rafael Martínez
{"title":"Multifuncionalidad militar y democracia: una convivencia peligrosa","authors":"Rafael Martínez","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/277/es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/277/es","url":null,"abstract":"En la actualidad, los cambios en el sistema político mundial obligan a repensar la funcionalidad de los ejércitos, so pena de que estos asuman roles que les aboquen a la obsolescencia o a la inutilidad. Esta crítica encrucijada nos conduce a un debate en el que confluyen tres argumentarios: el abolicionista, que podríamos considerar como ingenuo, el adaptativo, que sigue la lógica de las tres R (redefinir, redimensionar y reconvertir) y el pragmático, que acaba justificando la multifuncionalidad de las fuerzas armadas. La multifuncionalidad de los ejércitos supone la militarización; es decir, la normalización del uso de los militares –o extensión del uso de la fuerza– para el desarrollo de servicios ajenos a sus roles tradicionales. Ello, en el peor de los casos, puede desembocar en militarismo. Sin embargo, también se puede llegar a la multifuncionalidad sin tener como meta el uso de la fuerza, sino buscando el beneficio que puede suponer para la sociedad la condición de administración comodín de los ejércitos. Esta vía pretende un edulcoramiento de lo militar, de cuyos integrantes no se espera el uso de la fuerza en las múltiples tareas que se les encomiendan.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133050814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
As North African energy links are redrawn, Italy becomes Europe’s southern gas hub 随着北非能源联系的重新规划，意大利成为欧洲南部的天然气中心
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/276/en
Francis Ghilès
{"title":"As North African energy links are redrawn, Italy becomes Europe’s southern gas hub","authors":"Francis Ghilès","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/276/en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/276/en","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian invasion of Ukraine is accelerating a reshaping of the political and economic landscape of the central and western Mediterranean, above all regarding the energy sector and, specifically, gas supply. In this context, Italy is reasserting its influence, especially in the central Mediterranean as it replaces its Russiansourced gas with greater amounts of Algeria, Egyptian and now Israeli gas.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114686773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lebanon: Financial crisis or national collapse? 黎巴嫩:金融危机还是国家崩溃?
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/275/en
Bassem Snaije
{"title":"Lebanon: Financial crisis or national collapse?","authors":"Bassem Snaije","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/275/en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/275/en","url":null,"abstract":"Lebanon’s collapse is of unprecedented magnitude relative to its economy. The crisis combines a foreign debt default, a currency devaluation and banking sector bankruptcy in a “perfect storm” unseen since the 19th century, according to the World Bank. More than an economic collapse, its consequences are threatening the survival of the country as we know it. Lebanon’s crisis is no accident. Many date the start of the collapse to October 2019 and the popular uprisings in the country. Most citizens are in denial, unable to grasp the depth of the economic and financial losses they face. But the sources of the collapse can be found earlier, at the end of the 1990s. The currency peg fixed in 1997 allowed deficits to accumulate that have been unsustainable since 2016. More than a financial crisis, it is the end the economic and social contract established in 1989 to end the civil war.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130620676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards an “ideal network” of cities 迈向城市的“理想网络”
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/274/en
Agustí Fernández de Losada, Eugene Zapata Garesché
{"title":"Towards an “ideal network” of cities","authors":"Agustí Fernández de Losada, Eugene Zapata Garesché","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/274/en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/274/en","url":null,"abstract":"In a context of multiple crises with important urban dimensions, networks are an essential instrument of the international agenda of cities. They are, inter alia, a meeting place, a way of gaining access to knowledge and innovation,and a forum where strategies for political influence can be defined. At present, more than 200 international city networks comprise a rich, diverse and complex ecosystem. This profusion of networks on the international scale is causing tensions in a saturated system, which is sometimes unduly bureaucratised and not sufficiently oriented to results. There is an urgent need to strengthen the various kinds of political leadership, to open up these networks to new realities and voices, streamline their functioning, make them more flexible, and improve accountability concerning their impact in improving people’s quality of life.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"49 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114033445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hacia una «red ideal» de ciudades 迈向城市的“理想网络”
Notes Internacionals CIDOB Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.24241/notesint.2022/274/es
Agustí Fernández de Losada, Eugene Zapata Garesché
{"title":"Hacia una «red ideal» de ciudades","authors":"Agustí Fernández de Losada, Eugene Zapata Garesché","doi":"10.24241/notesint.2022/274/es","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/274/es","url":null,"abstract":"En un contexto de crisis múltiples con una fuerte dimensión urbana, las redes son un instrumento fundamental al servicio de la agenda internacional de las ciudades. Son lugar de encuentro, de acceso a conocimiento e innovación, de definición de estrategias de incidencia política... Hoy operan en el mundo más de 200 redes internacionales de ciudades que integran un rico, diverso y complejo ecosistema. Esta profusión de redes a escala internacional está provocando tensiones en un ecosistema saturado, en ocasiones excesivamente burocratizado y poco orientado a resultados. Hay una necesidad urgente de reforzar los liderazgos políticos, de abrir estas redes a nuevas realidades y voces, de agilizar y flexibilizar su funcionamiento, así como de avanzar en la rendición de cuentas sobre su impacto en la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas.","PeriodicalId":312747,"journal":{"name":"Notes Internacionals CIDOB","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121222650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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