Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Demographic Changes in Intensive Care Units in Korea over the Last Decade and Outcomes of Elderly Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study","authors":"Jeong Uk Lim, Jongmin Lee, J. Ha, H. Kang, S. H. Lee, H. Moon","doi":"10.4266/kjccm.2016.00668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00668","url":null,"abstract":"Background Aging is a significant issue worldwide, and Korea is one of the most rapidly aging countries. Along with the demographic transition, the age structure of intensive care unit (ICU) patients changes as well. Methods The aim of this study was to analyze the change in age distribution of the ICU patients over the last 10 years and its effect on clinical outcomes. Single-center, retrospective analysis of all patients aged ≥18 years admitted to either the medical or surgical ICU at St. Paul’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, between January 2005 and December 2014 was conducted. For clinical outcome, in-hospital mortality, duration of ICU stay, and hospital stay were analyzed. Cost analysis was performed to show the economic burden of each age strata. Results A total of 10,366 ICU patients were admitted to the chosen ICUs during the study period. The proportion of elderly patients aged ≥65 years increased from 47.9% in 2005 to 63.7% in 2014, and the proportion of the very elderly patients aged ≥80 years increased from 12.8% to 20.7%. However, this increased proportion of elderly patients did not lead to increased in-hospital mortality. The percent of ICU treatment days attributable to elderly patients increased from 51.1% in year 2005 to 64.0% in 2014. The elderly ICU patients were associated with higher in-hospital mortality compared to younger age groups. Conclusions The proportion of elderly patients admitted to ICUs increased over the last decade. However, overall in-hospital mortality has not increased during the same period.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"164 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48059442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Aldosterone Concentration in Critically Ill Patients with Septic Shock","authors":"K. Chung, J. H. Song, W. Jung, Y. S. Kim, S. K. Kim, Joon Chang, M. Park","doi":"10.4266/KJCCM.2017.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/KJCCM.2017.00094","url":null,"abstract":"Background The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is closely associated with volume status and vascular tone in septic shock. The present study aimed to assess whether plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) measurements compared with conventional severity indicators are associated with mortality in patients with septic shock. Methods We evaluated 105 patients who were admitted for septic shock. Plasma levels of the biomarkers PRA and PAC, the PAC/PRA ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and cortisol level on days 1, 3, and 7 were serially measured. During the intensive care unit stay, relevant clinical information and laboratory results were recorded. Results Patients were divided into two groups according to 28-day mortality: survivors (n = 59) and non-survivors (n = 46). The survivor group showed lower PRA, PAC, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score than did the non-survivor group (all P < 0.05). The SOFA score was positively correlated with PRA (r = 0.373, P < 0.001) and PAC (r = 0.316, P = 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curve of PRA and PAC to predict 28-day mortality were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.79; P = 0.001) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.77; P = 0.003), respectively, similar to the APACHE II scores and SOFA scores. In particular, the group with PRA value ≥3.5 ng ml-1 h-1 on day 1 showed significantly greater mortality than did the group with PRA value <3.5 ng ml-1 h-1 (log-rank test, P < 0.001). According to multivariate analysis, SOFA score (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.22), PRA value ≥3.5 ng ml-1 h-1 (hazard ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.60 to 6.60), previous history of cancer (hazard ratio, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.72 to 6.90), and coronary arterial occlusive disease (hazard ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.08) were predictors of 28-day mortality. Conclusions Elevated PRA is a useful biomarker to stratify the risk of critically ill patients with septic shock and is a prognostic predictor of 28-day mortality.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"142 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42719503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of Medical Emergency System Implementation at a Single Center in Korea","authors":"Su Hwan Lee, A. Leem, Y. Nho, Young Ah Kim, K. Kim, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, K. Chung","doi":"10.4266/kjccm.2016.01011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.01011","url":null,"abstract":"Background An automatic alarm system was developed was developed for unexpected vital sign instability in admitted patients to reduce staffing needs and costs related to rapid response teams. This was a pilot study of the automatic alarm system, the medical emergency system (MES), and the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the MES before expanding this system to all departments. Methods This retrospective, observational study compared the performance of patients admitted to the pulmonary department at a single center using patient data from three 3-month periods (before implementation of the MES, December 2013-February 2014; after implementation of the MES, December 2014-February 2015 and December 2015-February 2016). Results A total of 571 patients were admitted to the pulmonary department during the three observation periods. During this pilot study, the MES automatically issued 568 alarms for 415 admitted patients. There was no significant difference in the rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before and after application of the MES. The mortality rate also did not change. However, it appeared that CPR was prevented in four patients admitted from the general ward to the intensive care unit (ICU) during MES implementation. The median length of hospital stay and median length of ICU stay were not significantly different before and after MES implementation. Conclusions Although we did not find a significant improvement in outcomes upon MES implementation, the CPR rate and mortality rate did not increase despite increased comorbidities. This was a small pilot study and, based on these results, we believe that the MES may have significant effects in longer-term and larger-scale studies.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"133 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42134236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Respiratory Dynamics in an Asymmetric Lung Compliance Model","authors":"S. Yun, Ho-jin Lee, Yong-Hun Lee, Jong Cook Park","doi":"10.4266/kjccm.2016.00738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00738","url":null,"abstract":"Background Unilateral lung hyperinflation develops in lungs with asymmetric compliance, which can lead to vital instability. The aim of this study was to investigate the respiratory dynamics and the effect of airway diameter on the distribution of tidal volume during mechanical ventilation in a lung model with asymmetric compliance. Methods Three groups of lung models were designed to simulate lungs with a symmetric and asymmetric compliance. The lung model was composed of two test lungs, lung1 and lung2. The static compliance of lung1 in C15, C60, and C120 groups was manipulated to be 15, 60, and 120 ml/cmH2O, respectively. Meanwhile, the static compliance of lung2 was fixed at 60 ml/cmH2O. Respiratory variables were measured above (proximal measurement) and below (distal measurement) the model trachea. The lung model was mechanically ventilated, and the airway internal diameter (ID) was changed from 3 to 8 mm in 1-mm increments. Results The mean ± standard deviation ratio of volumes distributed to each lung (VL1/VL2) in airway ID 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were in order, 0.10 ± 0.05, 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.12 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02, and 0.12 ± 0.02 in the C15 group; 1.05 ± 0.16, 1.01 ± 0.09, 1.00 ± 0.07, 0.97 ± 0.09, 0.96 ± 0.06, and 0.97 ± 0.08 in the C60 group; and 1.46 ± 0.18, 3.06 ± 0.41, 3.72 ± 0.37, 3.78 ± 0.47, 3.77 ± 0.45, and 3.78 ± 0.60 in the C120 group. The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of lung1 was significantly increased at airway ID 3 mm (1.65 cmH2O) in the C15 group; at ID 3, 4, and 5 mm (2.21, 1.06, and 0.95 cmH2O) in the C60 group; and ID 3, 4, and 5 mm (2.92, 1.84, and 1.41 cmH2O) in the C120 group, compared to ID 8 mm (P < 0.05). Conclusions In the C15 and C120 groups, the tidal volume was unevenly distributed to both lungs in a positive relationship with lung compliance. In the C120 group, the uneven distribution of tidal volume was improved when the airway ID was equal to or less than 4 mm, but a significant increase of PEEP was observed.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"174 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Aspiration Pneumonia due to Anterior Cervical Osteophyte","authors":"Jae Jun Lee, J. Hong, Jun Han Jung, J. Yang, Jun-Young Sohn","doi":"10.4266/kjccm.2016.00409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00409","url":null,"abstract":"A 74-year-old man presented with recurrent vomiting and aspiration pneumonia in the left lower lobe. He entered the intensive care unit to manage the pneumonia and septic shock. Although a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was implanted for recurrent vomiting, vomiting and aspiration recurred frequently during admission. Subsequently, he complained of neck pain when in an upright position. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study showed compression of the esophagus by cervical osteophytes and tracheal aspiration caused by an abnormality at the laryngeal inlet. Cervical spine X-rays and computed tomography showed anterior cervical osteophytes at the C3-6 levels. Surgical decompression was scheduled, but was cancelled due to his frailty. Unfortunately, further recurrent vomiting and aspiration resulted in respiratory arrest leading to hypoxic brain damage and death. Physicians should consider cervical spine disease, such as diffuse skeletal hyperostosis as an uncommon cause of recurrent aspiration pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"74 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43971748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences Using Airway Pressure Release Ventilation for Pneumonia with Severe Hypercapnia or Postoperative Pulmonary Edema","authors":"K. Hong, Young-Joo Lee","doi":"10.4266/kjccm.2016.00906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00906","url":null,"abstract":"Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) was introduced as a new method to manage a supportive level of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) while simultaneously assisting CO2 elimination [1,2]. APRV maintains CPAP while permitting spontaneous breathing without airway pressure fluctuation [2] and producing alveolar ventilation [3]. It is an established mode of ventilation based on the openlung approach with the following settings: (1) pressure during the inspiration/ CPAP phase (Phigh); (2) time during the inspiration/CPAP phase (Thigh); (3) pressure during the expiration/release phase (Plow); (4) time during the expiration/ release phase (Tlow); and (5) percent CPAP (%CPAP) to reflect the time spent at Phigh relative to the entire breath duration [2] during which positive pressure (Phigh) was applied for a prolonged time (Thigh) with a release phase (Plow) that is short (Tlow) [1,4,5]. Without self-breathing, the APRV mode is like pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation [3]. For patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the APRV mode has been used as an inverse ratio ventilation with a prolonged inspiratory time and a short expiratory time [3]. Potential benefits of APRV mode include recruitment of lung by rising functional residual capacity and reduction in atelectrauma by decreasing cyclic recruitment and derecruitment to improve ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) matching, while not restricting spontaneous breathing and reducing the sedatives and neuromuscular blockades requirements [4,5]. Because of these advantages, APRV mode is the most used and most studied mode for use in patients with ARDS. However, there have been few clinical trials showing that APRV can improve gas exchange, and it is uncertain whether APRV will improve clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"83 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49470820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit Questionnaire in a Korean Sample","authors":"Youlim Kim, J. Min, Gajin Lim, Jung-Kyu Lee, Hannah Lee, Jinwoo Lee, Kyung Su Kim, Jong Sun Park, Y. Cho, Y. Jo, H. Rhu, Kyuseok Kim, Sang-Min Lee, Y. Lee","doi":"10.4266/KJCCM.2016.00962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/KJCCM.2016.00962","url":null,"abstract":"Background A number of questionnaires designed for analyzing family members’ inconvenience and demands in intensive care unit (ICU) care have been developed and validated in North America. The family satisfaction in the intensive care Unit-24 (FS-ICU-24) questionnaire is one of the most widely used of these instruments. This study aimed to translate the FS-ICU-24 questionnaire into Korean and validate the Korean version of the questionnaire. Methods The study was conducted in the medical, surgical, and emergency ICUs at three tertiary hospitals. Relatives of all patients hospitalized for at least 48 hours were enrolled for this study participants. The validation process included the measurement of construct validity, internal consistency, and interrater reliability. The questionnaire consists of 24 items divided between two subscales: satisfaction with care (14 items) and satisfaction with decision making (10 items). Results In total, 200 family members of 176 patients from three hospitals completed the FS-ICU-24 questionnaire. Construct validity for the questionnaire was superior to that observed for a visual analog scale (Spearman’s r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Cronbach’s αs were 0.83 and 0.80 for the satisfaction with care and satisfaction with decision making subscales, respectively. The mean (± standard deviation) total FS-ICU-24 score was 75.44 ± 17.70, and participants were most satisfied with consideration of their needs (82.13 ± 21.03) and least satisfied with the atmosphere in the ICU waiting room (35.38 ± 34.84). Conclusions The Korean version of the FS-ICU-24 questionnaire demonstrated good validity and could be a useful instrument with which to measure family members’ satisfaction about ICU care.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"60 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45603234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myotonic Dystrophy Confirmed after Cesarean Section","authors":"S. H. Kim, Jeongmin Kim, T. Ha, S. Na","doi":"10.4266/KJCCM.2016.00864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/KJCCM.2016.00864","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of Myotonic dystrophy (MD) confirmed after cesarean section under general anesthesia. MD is a common neuromuscular disease in adults, and is characterized by myotonia, and myopathy of the voluntary and involuntary muscles. Patients with MD are at high risk during general anesthesia. A 33-year-old pregnant woman with hydramnios was admitted to the delivery room, and emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia using 40 mg of rocuronium. After the surgery, the anesthesiologist confirmed partial neuromuscular blockade by train-of-four electrical stimulation and neostigmine 1mg was used for reversal of neuromuscular blocking agents. However, as the patient’s self-respiration was continuously weak, sugammadex 200 mg was additionally administered and then the patient was extubated. In the postanesthesia care unit, she was alert and cooperated well, but presented with shallow breathing continuously; and arterial blood sampling revealed respiratory acidosis, hypoventilation, and hypercapnia. Due to diminished consciousness, reintubation was performed, and the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). On both the second and third day after ICU admission, she met the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) safety criteria respectively which consists of inspiratory pressure < –25 cmH2O, tidal volume > 5 mL/kg, vital capacity > 10 mL/kg, minute ventilation < 10 L/min, and rapid shallow breathing index < 100. Extubations was performed on the second and third day post admission, but each time we had to reintubate the patient because of consistent hypercapnia, shallow breathing, and sequential desaturation within several hours. For diagnosis, we obtained medical history about the patient’s shallow breathing pattern. Her husband reported that she had “a feeling of weakness” and exhibited upper eyelid drooping in the evening during the third trimester of pregnancy. Gene analysis performed on the seventh day after ICU admission revealed expansion of","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"81 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47942855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Critical Burn Injuries: Recent Developments","authors":"D. Dries, J. Marini","doi":"10.4266/kjccm.2016.00969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00969","url":null,"abstract":"Background Burn injury and its subsequent multisystem effects are commonly encountered by acute care practitioners. Resuscitation is the major component of initial burn care and must be managed to restore and preserve vital organ function. Later complications of burn injury are dominated by infection. Burn centers are often called to manage problems related to thermal injury, including lightning and electrical injuries. Methods A selected review is provided of key management concepts as well as of recent reports published by the American Burn Association. Results The burn-injured patient is easily and frequently over resuscitated, with ensuing complications that include delayed wound healing and respiratory compromise. A feedback protocol designed to limit the occurrence of excessive resuscitation has been proposed, but no new “gold standard” for resuscitation has replaced the venerated Parkland formula. While new medical therapies have been proposed for patients sustaining inhalation injury, a paradigm-shifting standard of medical therapy has not emerged. Renal failure as a specific contributor to adverse outcome in burns has been reinforced by recent data. Of special problems addressed in burn centers, electrical injuries pose multisystem physiologic challenges and do not fit typical scoring systems. Conclusion Recent reports emphasize the dangers of over resuscitation in the setting of burn injury. No new medical therapy for inhalation injury has been generally adopted, but new standards for description of burn-related infections have been presented. The value of the burn center in care of the problems of electrical exposure, both manmade and natural, is demonstrated in recent reports.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"9 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Transfusion Strategies in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation","authors":"Hyoung-Soo Kim, Sunghoon Park","doi":"10.4266/kjccm.2016.00983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00983","url":null,"abstract":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is frequently associated with bleeding and coagulopathy complications, which may lead to the need for transfusion of multiple blood products. However, blood transfusions are known to increase morbidity and mortality, as well as hospital cost, in critically ill patients. In current practice, patients on ECMO receive a transfusion, on average, of 1-5 packed red blood cells (RBCs)/day, with platelet transfusion accounting for the largest portion of transfusion volume. Generally, adult patients require more transfusions than neonates or children, and patients receiving venovenous ECMO for respiratory failure tend to need smaller transfusion volumes compared to those receiving venoarterial ECMO for cardiac failure. Observation studies have reported that a higher transfusion volume was associated with increased mortality. To date, the evidence for transfusion in patients undergoing ECMO is limited; most knowledge on transfusion strategies was extrapolated from studies in critically ill patients. However, current data support a restrictive blood transfusion strategy for ECMO patients, and a low transfusion trigger seems to be safe and reasonable.","PeriodicalId":31220,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"22 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}