Journal of Cancer Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Severe colitis induced by pembrolizumab in a patient with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report of an immune-related adverse event","authors":"Sing-Ting Wang, M. Lien","doi":"10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target downregulators of anticancer immune responses: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can affect multiple organs of the body. Distinct toxicity induced by different ICIs had been observed. Immune-mediated colitis (IMC) is a common irAE and more frequently encountered in anti-CTLA-4 than anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1. Owing to a wide range and inconclusive endoscopic and histological findings, the diagnosis of IMC can be made after excluding other possible causes and relies primarily on clinical suspicion. Optimal management of IMC requires early recognition and timely treatment. Corticosteroids are recommended for Grade 2 or more severe colitis while holding the immunotherapy. A better response to corticosteroids has been observed in anti-PD-1-related IMC than in anti-CTLA-4. Herein, we report a case of severe colitis induced by pembrolizumab.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"113 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43370998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caution “When Rabbit Runs Turtles' Pace”: 5-fluorouracil-induced slowdown of the heart – The bradyarrhythmias","authors":"S. Wani, Khan Talib, I. Dar, M. Lone, F. Afroz","doi":"10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_32_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_32_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used antimetabolite drug for the treatment of a variety of cancers. It is associated with side effects and toxicities, most of which have been extensively studied. However, data related to potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity, and especially bradyarrhythmias, are lacking in the literature. The aim is to assess potentially life-threatening bradyarrhythmias (or bradycardia) in patients on continuous 5-FU infusion. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients with esophageal carcinomas were included in this prospective non-randomized observational single-institution study. All of the patients underwent concurrent chemoradiation in curative settings over a period of 30 months (January 2015–June 2017). Results: Fourteen of the 54 patients developed bradycardia during continuous 5-FU infusion. Chemotherapy (CT) was stopped transiently in one of these patients and then continued uneventfully after the return of normal heart rate. The other 13 patients developed severe bradycardia, and CT was stopped completely and switched to other cardiac-safe CT protocols due to persistent bradycardia despite optimal management as per the institutional protocol. One patient died of sudden cardiac arrest during continuous 5-FU infusion. Conclusion: The persistence of life-threatening bradycardia during 5-FU infusion should prompt physicians to switch to other cardiac-safe CT protocols. Patients should be vigilantly monitored for any electrocardiography changes during continuous 5-FU infusion.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"104 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48705507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ureteroscopy for the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial cancer: The outcome in a series with 275 patients in correlation with the final histopathology","authors":"Y. Osman, Mohamed Mohamed Elawdy, D. Taha, M. El-Hamid, R. Abouelkheir","doi":"10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_13_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_13_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is still an unresolved debate about whether ureteroscopy (URS) and biopsy are required as a routine for the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) or if these procedures can be omitted in appropriately selected patients. We aimed to report the overall diagnostic accuracy of URS biopsy for ureteral tumors in concordance with the final histopathology. Materials and Methods: We conducted this retrospective study from 2000 to 2019. Data on URS biopsies for ureteral tumors which included pathological diagnosis, staging, and grading were collected. These data were then compared to the results of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and the final histopathological reports. Results: The data of 275 patients with a mean age of 59 ± 11 years were collected. Complete data regarding URS biopsies for ureteral tumors were available in 94 cases with an overall diagnostic accuracy in detecting malignancy of 93%. When matched to the final histopathology, the accuracy of URS biopsies increased as the tumor grade increased. Upgrading was noticed in 36% of the biopsies. Biopsy grade was an accurate predictor of stage. CT was performed in 270 cases with an overall accuracy of 96%. URS did not affect post-UTUC intravesical recurrence (P = 0.9) or overall survival (log rank = 0.08). Conclusion: URS biopsy for ureteral tumors was highly specific with fair predictive ability for tumor grade, and it could predict tumor stage. URS may not increase intravesical recurrence or affect overall survival. However, false-negative results were noted, which did not change the surgical plan when radical surgeries were decided based on CT.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"98 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45593098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated nocardiosis coinfection with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with metastatic thymoma: A case report and literature review","authors":"Cho-Hao Lee, C. Ho, Ren-Hua Ye","doi":"10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_10_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_10_21","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with metastatic thymoma postintensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy are prone to opportunistic infectious diseases. Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare disease; however, its incidence has increased in recent years due to the growing population of immunocompromised hosts. We present the first report of Nocardia beijingensis infection with extrapulmonary tuberculosis coinfection causing muscular and brain abscesses in a patient with metastatic thymoma postintensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This case illustrates the possibility of coinfection with two pathogens and the difficulty in establishing a rapid diagnosis. Awareness of opportunistic infections and the early initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy are important for the treatment of immunocompromised patients with infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"117 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44041749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare presentation of interstitial lung disease in a follow-up patient with breast carcinoma","authors":"L. Lavanya, T. Arulponni","doi":"10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_2_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_2_21","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. The incidence is increasing in developing countries. Adjuvant radiation reduces ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and, in turn, improves overall survival in both early and locally advanced breast cancer patients who have undergone breast conservation surgery and mastectomy, respectively. The lung is one of the dose-limiting organs in thoracic radiation. The incidence of radiation pneumonitis is rare, ranging from 5% to 15%. The incidence has further decreased with newer techniques of radiation treatment delivery. Here, we present a case of right breast carcinoma with an atypical presentation of interstitial lung disease 5 years after treatment.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"84 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46505584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new metabolite: The effects of aminated tetrahydrocurcumin on inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2","authors":"Yen-Chun Koh, Shengfu Liu, J. Wu, Ya-Chun Chou, K. Nagabhushanam, Chi-Tang Ho, M. Pan","doi":"10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_21_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_21_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Curcumin and its metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), have been widely studied due to their compelling capabilities in the prevention of various diseases. However, these compounds face some shortcomings, including the bioavailability of curcumin and comparatively weaker anti-inflammatory effects of THC. The amination of natural compounds in the hosts' colons has garnered attention because these aminated compounds retain and even increase their bioactivity relative to their original counterparts. Materials and Methods: The existence of THC-NH2 as a metabolite of THC in mice feces was analyzed by using LC-MS. Three-week DSS-induced colitis in mice experiment was designed to confirm the ameliorative effect of THC-NH2 on inflammatory bowel disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of THC-NH2 on LPS-treated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line was further clarified in vitro. Results: In this study, the metabolite 3-amino-3-deoxytetrahydrocurcumin (THC-NH2) was discovered in the feces of mice administered with THC. Compared to THC, THC-NH2 exhibits greater anti-inflammatory effects in terms of nitric oxide production. In a study of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in which animal subjects were supplied with both THC and THC-NH2, each sample displayed encouraging but not compelling effects on inflammation reduction. In vitro research revealed that intervention using THC-NH2 could significantly reduce protein expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) but cause the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). By using cycloheximide, THC-NH2 was found to retard the degradation of COX-2 by increasing its stability. However, mRNA levels of COX-2 and concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in spent medium indicated that COX-2 activity did not increase alongside its accumulated protein level, though no significant effects on the reduction of COX-2 activity were seen. Conclusion: As the current body of research is inadequate, in order to ensure that all things are considered, the efficacy and safety of THC-NH2 as a pharmaceutical drug require further investigation. Nevertheless, recent results showed that THC-NH2 can be used in multi-targeting anti-inflammation drugs to inhibit iNOS levels and reduce the side effects of COX-2 inhibitors by acting as a competitive inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"41 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46555673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic cancer associated with defective mismatch repair and a rare immunotherapy-related adverse event","authors":"M. Kuo, Chien-ting Liu","doi":"10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_4_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_4_21","url":null,"abstract":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the outcome and overall survival of patients with cancer. However, predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy remains difficult. The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is vital for identifying and repairing mismatched nucleotides during genetic recombination. Cancers with defective MMR involve thousands of mutations and are defined as having microsatellite instability (MSI) and demonstrate a high immunotherapy response rate. Therefore, MSI could be a biomarker for predicting the response to ICIs. Herein, we present two patients with MSI-high gynecologic malignancies who demonstrated a complete response to ICI treatment, but along with panuveitis, a rare immunotherapy-related adverse event in one of the cases.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"73 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information, education, and communication as a strategy for enhancing knowledge of cervical cancer among women in Benin city, Nigeria","authors":"Lucy Chukwuka, O. Olorunfemi, F. Okanlawon, N. Osunde, Abiodun A. Ogunniran","doi":"10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_31_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_31_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Nigeria, approximately 80% of women who develop cervical cancer (CC) die annually from the disease. In Benin City, it is the most common type of cancer, accounting for 74.6% of gynecological admissions. The high incidence and death rate of CC are attributable to a lack of knowledge of the disease. Consequently, this study aims to determine the effects of information, education, and communication (IEC) as a strategy for enhancing CC knowledge among women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a multi-stage sampling procedure. First, Egor Local Government Area (LGA) was selected out of five LGAs in Benin City by balloting. Second, two health centers, Egor and Evbuotubu, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), respectively. Third, 200 participants per group were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, logistic regression, and repeated analysis of variance at α 0.05. Results: The mean ages of the participants were 38.4 ± 8.0 (EG) and 34.5 ± 8.0 (CG) years. There were no significant differences in age (P = 0.17), educational status (P = 0.18), and occupation (P = 0.43) between the two groups. The participants' knowledge at P1 for the EG (6.3 ± 4.6) was comparable with the CG (8.3 ± 5.4). At P2 and P3, knowledge scores increased significantly in the EG (17.9 ± 2.2; 15.4 ± 3.2, respectively) compared with the CG (8.5 ± 4.9; 8.4 ± 5.4, respectively). Comparisons of P1, P2, and P3 in the EG revealed significant differences in mean scores. Conclusion: An IEC strategy increased knowledge of CC. Therefore, we strongly recommend integrating this approach into public health education strategies for women at primary and secondary health-care centers.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"54 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44370636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Squamous cell carcinoma arising in recurrent pilonidal sinus in an older woman","authors":"Y. Hung","doi":"10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant transformation is a rare complication of pilonidal sinus. We report the case of a 90-year-old female who had a recurrent pilonidal sinus with fistulous abscess formation. We excised the whole pilonidal sinus because the infection could not be controlled by oral antibiotics. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was found in the sinus tract with a negative surgical margin. A whole abdominal computed tomography scan was performed, which showed no distant metastasis and no enlargement of the bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. This case study illustrates that SCC transformation may present in the recurrent and long-standing pilonidal sinus. We suggested that all pilonidal sinus lesions should be sent for pathologic examination to early detect malignant transformation.","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"78 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46904998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jia You (加油)","authors":"Will Tseng, T. Chen","doi":"10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_9_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRP.JCRP_9_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"39 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48675261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}