German Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Heterakis gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis in laying hens reared in cage system: A case report","authors":"Morales-Barrera Eduardo, Rocha-Gonzles Alexis, Fuentes-Cruz Magnolia, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Awad Shehata, Abd El-Wahab, A Visscher, C Haider, W Dimitri, R, J Beckham, T Dormitorio, S Oladipupo, M Bethonico, Terra, K Lawrence, L Beer, V Petrone, B Graham, G Danielle, C Voung, K Cupo, R Beckstead, G Das, P Westermark, M Gauly, M Hess, L Mcdougald, S Jilo, Abadula, A Teyib, S Abdulhak, R Gobana, L Hasan, D Liebhart, M Windisch, M Hess, M Terra, K Macklin, M Burleson, L Mcdougald, T Mitra, F Alem Kidane, M Hess, D Liebhart, P Regmi, A Shaw, L Hungerford, J Messenheimer, T Zhou, P Pillai, G Tellez-Isaias, W Eisenreich, V Petrone-Garcia, X Hernandez-Velasco, I Castellanos-Huerta, Tellez, M Terra, K Macklin, M Burleson, A Jeon, J Beckmann, R Hauck","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2025.1.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2025.1.0114","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, 108-week-old Hyline W-98 laying hens, reared in a cage system in a farm allocated in Tepatitlán de Morelos Jalisco, México, showed cyanosis of the comb and wattles, and greenish-brown diarrhea. Macroscopic lesions revealed diffuse inflammation of the caecum with thinning walls and the presence of numerous small white worms of almost 2 cm, identified as Heterakis gallinarum. The liver was severely congested. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed the presence of necrosis and numerous forms of Histomonas trophozoites. Due to the unavailability of commercial vaccines and therapeutics against H. meleagridis, field surveillance in poultry is proviral to understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of H. meleagridis and identifying solutions for histomoniasis. Additionally, hence, the advantage of production in cages system is the control of parasitic infections; the subject of research is how birds were infested with Heterakis gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis in this type of production.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://gmpc-akademie.de/articles/1731398813_gjvr-5-1-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147920417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete S1 glycoprotein analysis of two distinct groups of GI-19 (QX) infectious bronchitis virus from Indonesia: Molecular phylogenetic and in-silico approaches","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0084","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an important viral disease that impacts poultry productivity, according to many studies. The main important infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) protein, spike glycoprotein subunit 1 (S1), plays a role in pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Conventional molecular detection and analysis of the S1 gene still face many challenges due to its hypervariability. In Indonesia, there were only a few reports on partial S1 gene analysis of IBVs; thus far, there have been no phylogenetic or in-silico approaches to their S1 complete gene. This study aims to reveal molecular pathogenicity and immunogenicity features on the S1 complete gene of IBVs from Indonesia. We analyzed fourteen IBV isolates using conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing and then aligned their verified S1 complete sequences with other Indonesian GI-19 IBVs from Genbank for molecular phylogenetic and in-silico analysis. Phylogenetic analysis consisted of amino acid polymorphism and identity, as well as phylogenetic tree construction. As part of the in-silico analysis, we used proteins that have homology and immunoinformatic predictions (B-cell epitope and N-glycosylation). Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed the division of the Indonesian GI-19 IBVs into two distinct groups. These groups had different amino acid variations at receptor binding sites, hypervariable antigenic sites, and cleavage sites. We also calculated the amino acid identity at 95.4–98.3%. In-silico studies revealed significant similarities in B-cell epitopes, distinct N-glycosylation sites, and the suggestion of a homotrimer protein structure. We found that the S1 full gene of two different groups of GI-19 IBVs (QX strain) from Indonesia predicted changes in their pathogenicity and immunogenicity.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"27 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable isotope profiling and its potential applications to poultry sciences","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0083","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolomics is a bottom-up approach to studying metabolism in living cells, tissues, organoids, or even whole organisms. In conjunction with genomics and proteomics, it is a crucial tool for better understanding complex biological systems. In comparison to genomics or proteomics, metabolomics more directly reflects the phenotype since it encompasses events that occur downstream of gene expression. In the field of poultry or avian diseases, this method is now well established, although it could have more innovative applications in the future. For example, 13C-guided metabolomics and flux analysis could be used to identify biochemical pathways associated with heat or immune stress. It could also help to explore the effects of alternatives to antimicrobials on the intestinal health of poultry and their action on avian pathogens, including the mechanisms of resistance and persistence. In this review, we discuss some basic principles of metabolomics and its current and potential applications in poultry.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"30 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to attack pathogenic avian microorganisms: From probiotics to postbiotics","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0079","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the growing risk of antimicrobial resistance, there is an increasing demand to substitute synthetic antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production with safer natural chemicals or biological alternatives. Therefore, this chapter will focus on the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in poultry production. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Prebiotics are considered a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms, conferring a health benefit. They are thought to be hydrolyzed and then used by the gastrointestinal tract bacteria found in different parts of the avian gastrointestinal tract because they have been described as indigestible by the host. There are five categories of prebiotics: fructans, galactooligosaccharides, starch and glucose-derived oligosaccharides, other oligosaccharides, and non-carbohydrate or miscellaneous like cocoa-derived flavanols, polyphenolics, fatty acids, herbs, and other supplements. The most often used prebiotics in poultry include fructo-oligosaccharide, mannan-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides. A synbiotic is a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms, conferring a beneficial effect. There are complementary and synergistic synbiotics. In chickens, synbiotics can be supplemented in feed or water or injected in ovo to expedite colonization of the gut by beneficial bacteria. Finally, postbiotics are considered inactivated microbial cells or cell components, with or without their metabolites, that provide health benefits. Many existing postbiotics include inanimate strains belonging to established probiotic taxa within some genera of the family Lactobacillaceae or the genus Bifidobacterium. Postbiotics are composed of food-grade microorganisms or released after cell lysis in complex microbial cultures, food, or the intestinal lumen. All these products help support a healthy gut and immune system in poultry.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses in ruminants in Al-Batinah Governorates, Oman","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Bluetongue (BTV) and Schmallenberg viruses (SBV) are the causative agents of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg dis-eases, respectively. Both BTV and SBV are vector-borne viruses that are transmitted mainly by Culicoides (Diptera; Ceratopogo-nidae) and infect do-mestic, wild ruminants, and camelid species. Bluetongue virus be-longs to the genus Orbi-virus, family Reoviridae, whereas Schmallenberg virus belongs to the ge-nus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae. In this study, we used en-zyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the sero-prevalence of both vi-ruses in ruminants in Al-Batinah Gover-norates, Sultanate of Oman. A total of 529 serum samples were randomly collected from 207 sheep, 265 goats, and 57 cattle from five wilayat of Al-Batinah North and Al-Batinah South Governorates. The serum samples were screened for the presence of BTV-specific antibodies against the BTV VP7 protein using ID Screen® Bluetongue Competition (cELISA) and screened for the presence of SBV-specific antibodies against the recombinant SBV nucleoprotein anti-gen using ID Screen® Schmallenberg virus Indirect Mult (iELISA). The overall seropreva-lence of BTV and SBV infections was 69.8% and 44.8%. In cattle, the prevalence of BTV and SBV antibodies was comparatively higher (94.7% and 82.5%) than in goats (83% and 43%) and sheep (45.9% and 36.7%). The high-est BTV seroprevalence was recorded in Nakhal (85.5%), followed by Wadi Al-Maawil (81%), and was lowest in Bar-ka (59.6%). However, the highest seropreva-lence of SBV was ob-served in Wadi Al-Maawil (50%), followed by Barka (48.7%), and lowest in Sohar (34.2%). Overall, the seroprevalence of BTV and SBV in domesticat-ed ruminants was high-er in adults than in young animals. Females showed a higher sero-prevalence of BTV and SBV compared to males. The study pro-vides an update on the epidemiological status of BTV, and to our knowledge, this is the first study on the sero-prevalence of SBV in ruminants in Oman. Future studies are re-quired for the isolation and identification of BTV and SBV along with other potential bio-logical vectors in Oman.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"124 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and genetic correlation of avian reoviruses to the currently used vaccines in Egypt","authors":"Marwa M. Safwat, Amany Adel, Mohamed Rady, Mohamed H. Hamoud, W. Kilany","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0068","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of illnesses, including arthritis, tenosynovitis, stunted growth, and malabsorption syndrome, are caused by Avian Reoviruses (ARVs), which have become more prevalent in Egypt during recent years and resulted in significant economic losses. This study investigated 27 suspected samples collected from 14 broiler breeders and 13 broilers suffering from immunosuppression, decreased body weight, and diarrhea. Fourteen samples tested positive based on RT-PCR, and the virus could be isolated from ten samples in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Ten isolates were subjected to molecular and genetic analysis of the S1 gene (sigma C) and S2 gene (sigma A). The amino acid identity of the S1 gene revealed that these viruses are closely related to the viruses that were identified in Israel during 2020 (91.8%-97.2% identity) and belonged to the genetic cluster 5 (genotype 5), which also includes some viruses that are circulating in the United States and Canada. They also showed weak similarity (48.9%-50.2%) with the available vaccine strains in the Egyptian field that belong to cluster 1, genotype 1. The S2 gene showed amino acid homology of 91.7%-98.2% with the current vaccine used in Egypt. However, the Egy-Reo-7-2021 virus had the lowest similarity (84.2%-87.6%) to the available vaccine. It is hypothesized that the difference between field and vaccine strains may have contributed to the failure of current vaccinations to produce protective immunity against current ARV strains circulated in Egypt, which made the disease a problem to the poultry industry. Developing homologous vaccines and evaluating their potency and efficacy are required in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"150 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bull sperm cryopreservation: An overview on the current status and future perspectives","authors":"Mohammad A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0071","url":null,"abstract":"Cryopreservation refers to freezing cells or tissues at extremely low temperatures, allowing them to be stored for extended periods while maintaining viability. Cryopreserved bull semen has become an essential tool in cattle breeding programs and commercial cattle production systems. This review provides a detailed analysis of the current methods and challenges in preserving bull sperm using cryopreservation. We explore the effects of cryopreservation on sperm cells, the role of different cryoprotectants, as well as the progress made in the analysis of bull semen. It also highlights the impact of the freezing process on sperm morphology and functionality, emphasizing the importance of optimizing cryopreservation techniques to maintain sperm fertility and viability. The article underscores the significance of cryopreservation technology in cattle genetics and breeding and suggests future research to enhance cryopreservation techniques.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"48 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coxiella burnetiid seroprevalence, risk factors, and health hazards in sheep and goats in Upper Egypt","authors":"Mostafa M.M. Attia, Hassan Y. A. H. Mahmoud, A. Ali, Ragab M. Fereig","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0069","url":null,"abstract":"Query fever (Q fever) or coxiellosis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Coxiella (C.) burnetii and affects various animals and humans. Clinically, Q fever ranges from various degrees of fever to abortion, either in infected animals or humans. Such infection is especially important in cattle and small ruminants industry, particularly sheep and goats. Thus, the current study aimed to recognize the prevalence of specific antibodies against C. burnetii in serum samples collected from sheep and goats in Sohag governorate, Upper Egypt, using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence was found against C. burnetii (25.6%; 56/219), subdivided as 22.8% (23/101) in sheep and 28% (33/118) in goats. Animals used for this study are representative of different small ruminants (sheep and goats), age (various ages), sexes (males and females), locations (different localities in Sohag governorate), physiological and pathological conditions, and many other factors related to animals, farm, and the environment. Female animals exhibited a higher rate of C. burnetii antibodies than males (p = 0.0637). Also, females in the dry period showed a higher seropositive rate than those pregnant females (p < 0.0001). In addition, the breeding system was reported as a risk factor for infection because animals bred in smallholders demonstrated a lower prevalence rate than those reared in individual breeding (p= 0.010) and mass farming (p= 0.006). Clinical and biochemical variables were estimated to recognize the health impact of seropositivity. Seropositive animals exhibited marked alterations in the selected clinical parameters and alanine transaminase (ALT) compared to the seronegative ones. Determining the exact occurrence of Q fever in sheep and goats might assist in developing a control policy for this infection and thus improve the income of the small ruminants industry and protect humans from infection.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current pharmacotherapeutic properties of low-dose naltrexone therapy in humans and possible therapeutic and prophylactic indications in cats and dogs","authors":"Reza G. Marangaloo, Orhan Pinar, Tandzhu Mehmedov, Mehmet E. Or","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Naltrexone was first developed in 1963 as an opioid antagonist for therapeutic use in opioid-dependent individuals (alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco) with a 50 mg/day dose approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1985, Dr. Bernard Bihari explained that when naltrexone is taken in very low doses (1-5 mg/day) before bedtime, it blocks opioid receptors for 2- 4 hours and leads to the release of endorphins in the early morning hours, serving as an opioid agonist and immunomodulatory agent. This extra endorphin secretion has been proven to enhance the immune system response in AIDS patients. Endogenous opioids that affect cell development are referred to as opioid growth factor (OGF) and met-enkephalin (ME). Low-dose-naltrexone (LDN) pharmacotherapeutically possesses immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antifungal properties. LDN also increases the production and sensitivity of OGF, ME, and OGF receptor (OGFr) in the bloodstream, thereby enhancing quality of life. Based on these pharmacotherapeutic properties, LDN application is believed to be effective in the treatment or prophylaxis of various infectious diseases in cats and dogs, particularly vasculitis-related diseases such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), hypothyroidism, gastrointestinal disorders, spondylosis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases, pneumonia, atopic and allergic dermatitis, pyodermas, resistant pyodermas, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or various gastrointestinal disorders, alopecia, stubborn dermatomycosis, stubborn demodicosis, various geriatric and oncogenic diseases, and deep depressions or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Thus, this review aims to evaluate the pharmacotherapeutic properties of LDN therapy usage and mechanisms of action in detail and assess the potential indications in cats and dogs based on these mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring in vivo and in vitro infection models in brucellosis research: A mini-review","authors":"Tariq Jamil, Sana Iqbal, V. Sandalakis","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0072","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a serious disease that affects both animals and humans. It is caused by consuming unpasteurized dairy products that are contaminated with the Brucella bacteria. To study the pathobiology of this disease and develop preventive strategies, researchers rely on in vivo and in vitro models. A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2024, which revealed 38 studies that used these models in the previous four years. Mice were the most commonly used model for studying the disease's virulence genes, immune responses, vaccination, and treatment testing. Out of the 38 articles discussing infection models in brucellae, 6 used only in vivo models, 9 used only in vitro models, and 24 used both models. In addition, there were 32 studies with in vitro experiments, most of which utilized macrophages to study intracellular survival mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. The studies mainly focused on B. abortus, as it had a significant impact on public and livestock health. Both in vivo and in vitro models were used to understand comprehensive intracellular mechanisms, immune responses, and treatment evaluations. However, there were several challenges in using these models, such as ethical concerns and host pathogen-specific immune responses. While both models provided important insights, the final selection choice of the model mostly depended on the research objectives, pathogen type, and availability of resources. Nevertheless, validation and understanding of these models are important to predict responses in the natural hosts","PeriodicalId":310978,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}