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The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review最新文献

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The United States’ Response to COVID-19: Learning through Reflection 美国应对新冠肺炎:反思中学习
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.07.00011
Nouraldeen Ibrahim
{"title":"The United States’ Response to COVID-19: Learning through Reflection","authors":"Nouraldeen Ibrahim","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.07.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.07.00011","url":null,"abstract":"When analyzing the global humanitarian crisis known as the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes the disease COVID-19), it is important to analyze the response of the United States so it is possible to learn from any mistakes. Since a global pandemic was completely unprecedented to the United States government, it did not have a concrete plan or solution prepared to deal with the outbreak. COVID-19 exposed the flaws in the United State's ability to deal with pandemics which, consequently, has now led to the U.S. to have the highest death toll in the world.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"1041 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116273307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is Dementia Becoming a Global Health Concern? 痴呆症正在成为全球健康问题吗?
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.07.00010
Sanjana Anand
{"title":"Is Dementia Becoming a Global Health Concern?","authors":"Sanjana Anand","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.07.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.07.00010","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia, a collective term used to characterize a group of conditions such as memory loss and the deterioration of problem-solving abilities, is caused by the impairment of brain functions, and is becoming increasingly prevalent around the world. The World Health Alzheimer’s Report estimates that the number of dementia cases “will increase with an ageing population and will reach 66 million by the year 2030 and 115 million by 2050” (Wortmann, 2012). Currently, there are 35.6 million people that have dementia, and it is stressful for both the individual affected and those who care for them. It also has an enormous economic and psychological impact on these people, and in many countries, there are not sufficient efforts taken to spread awareness about dementia (WHO). Dementia has devastating consequences and is becoming a serious challenge and threat to global health.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115236200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
America’s Opioid Crisis: Causality of Genetics and Psychological Factors 美国的阿片类药物危机:遗传和心理因素的因果关系
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.06.00009
C. Colman
{"title":"America’s Opioid Crisis: Causality of Genetics and Psychological Factors","authors":"C. Colman","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.06.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.06.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid addiction is increasingly becoming a crisis throughout the world. In 2016, staggering statistics show “the opioid epidemic accounted for close to 80% of the 64,000 drug-related deaths in the United States and is now the country’s leading cause of accidental deaths” (Goodman-Meza). This problem is not exclusive to the United States: “Because of their capacity to cause respiratory depression, opioids are responsible for a high proportion of fatal drug overdoses around the world” (WHO, 2018). The issue of opioid abuse is especially significant because opioids are so widely used. In fact, “there were an estimated 53.4 million past-year [...] users of opioids...globally in 2017” (UN, 2019). This is not only a problem in the United States, as countries like Mexico and South Africa have shown worrying signs of a potential opioid crisis.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130884535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploiting the Evolutionary Trade-offs of Bacteria Through Phage Therapy and Antibiotics 利用噬菌体治疗和抗生素的细菌进化权衡
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-05-20 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.05.00008
Jaden Bhogal
{"title":"Exploiting the Evolutionary Trade-offs of Bacteria Through Phage Therapy and Antibiotics","authors":"Jaden Bhogal","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.05.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.05.00008","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microorganism to resist antimicrobial treatments against it, resulting in persisted and oftentimes lethal infection in individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that AMR has the potential to skyrocket into one of the largest global health issues humanity has ever faced. In their 2018 fact sheet, they mention how it will cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050, as well as US $100 trillion in economic losses (World Health Organization, 2018). AMR has greatly reduced the efficacy of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. According to Benno. H. ter Kuile and colleagues from the Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety at the University of Amsterdam, most AMR is caused by practices in the agricultural industry, making it an extremely complex and difficult problem to solve regardless of its urgency (ter Kuile, Kraupner & Brul, 2016). However, Kaitlyn Kortright and colleagues from Yale University and the Yale School of Medicine, posit that phage therapy - a novel medical treatment with renewed interest in Western medicine - has large potential as an effective solution for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (Kortright, Chan, Koff & Turner, 2019).","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132241088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coronaviruses: A Scientist’s Race Against Time 冠状病毒:科学家与时间的赛跑
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-04-25 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00007
Saloni Chaurasia
{"title":"Coronaviruses: A Scientist’s Race Against Time","authors":"Saloni Chaurasia","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00007","url":null,"abstract":"As the clock ticks, more and more people are falling victim to COVID-19, and scientists are racing against time to find treatment and prevention strategies. But what’s stopping them? The answer comes from two primary problems. Firstly, coronaviruses (CoVs) are transmitted from person-to-person via respiratory droplets from an infected person’s coughs or sneezes, which makes them highly contagious (CDC, How COVID-19 Spreads, 2020). This can happen in minutes, and up to 25% of patients remain asymptomatic (Du, et al., 2020). This makes it difficult for healthcare workers and researchers to contain patients and establish contact tracing to isolate the infected population. Secondly, it is hard to target CoVs without damaging our cells. CoVs infect via spike protein, which binds to the ACE2 receptor located on the lung alveolar epithelial cells (Hoffmann, et al., 2020). Once they invade the cell, CoVs hijack the host cell’s mechanisms to replicate. Thus, it is hard to combat the virus without damaging the host cell. On the other hand, recent understanding of CoVs structure and mechanism of action enables the scientific world to create a cure or vaccine. The bad news is that these efforts will likely face the perennial hurdles of medical innovation and discovery, long timelines of clinical trials for drug repurposing, and vaccine development, sometimes fickle funding, and changing governmental priorities.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125548069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Health is a Global Responsibility - Calling for Greater Solidarity 全球卫生是全球责任——呼吁加强团结
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00006
Yara Changyit-Levin
{"title":"Global Health is a Global Responsibility - Calling for Greater Solidarity","authors":"Yara Changyit-Levin","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00006","url":null,"abstract":"It is stomach-churning to watch influential political figures, including the President of the United States, play into racism and xenophobia as they shirk their responsibility to address global health. The coronavirus outbreak is not one country’s fault, but it is everyone’s responsibility. World leaders need to act like it.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124479620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flying to Haiti With Our Mission in Sight 带着我们的使命飞往海地
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-04-12 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00005
Katherine Holekamp
{"title":"Flying to Haiti With Our Mission in Sight","authors":"Katherine Holekamp","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Clutching my aunt's hand, I stared out the small, oval window at the turquoise expanse below. I tried to slow my breathing as the small propeller plane battled every gust of wind. During that last week of spring break 2014, we were finally arriving at our destination. As we flew over the Caribbean Sea on our way to the small island of La Gonave in Haiti, I reminded myself of the steps it took to get here.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116638325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Analysis of The Virus Behind COVID-19: A Surprise That Was Always Coming 对COVID-19背后的病毒的分析:一个总是来的惊喜
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00004
Gitanjali Alapati
{"title":"An Analysis of The Virus Behind COVID-19: A Surprise That Was Always Coming","authors":"Gitanjali Alapati","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00004","url":null,"abstract":"A deadly and mysterious virus that emerged at the end of 2019, called SARS CoV-2 (abbreviated for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Virus-2), which is responsible for the disease COVID-19, has now led to a state of international emergency and is at the forefront of global discussion (“Naming The Coronavirus.” n.d.).","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134363178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Focus on Mental Health While Social Distancing 在保持社交距离的同时关注心理健康
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-04-05 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00003
Vainavi Gambhir
{"title":"A Focus on Mental Health While Social Distancing","authors":"Vainavi Gambhir","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00003","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the evolving situation of COVID-19, we must take the time to address our mental health. No N95 face mask or hand sanitizer can prevent the constant worry and loneliness that is resulting from this pandemic. Data from Australia's first equine influenza outbreak showed that “34% [of quarantined respondents] report[ed] high psychological distress (K10 > 22), compared to levels of around 12% in the Australian general population” (Taylor et al., 2008). Since isolation has correlated with psychological distress in past outbreak studies, many psychologists worry that long term social distancing due to coronavirus can lead to psychological problems in society like depression, aggression, or even higher suicide rates. At a time like this, mental health should be of major importance.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128674725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sticking Together Six Feet Apart: Testing the Effects of Social Distancing 相距六英尺:测试社交距离的影响
The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00002
Minoli Ediriweera
{"title":"Sticking Together Six Feet Apart: Testing the Effects of Social Distancing","authors":"Minoli Ediriweera","doi":"10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51627/pghr.2020.04.00002","url":null,"abstract":"Social distancing - like many other precautions taken during a global pandemic, it is easier said than done. COVID-19 is spread by respiratory droplets through coughing or sneezing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020, para. 1). These droplets can land on someone nearby, so experts recommend practicing social distancing or self-isolation techniques to prevent contracting coronavirus. These methods include staying six feet apart from other individuals and staying home from work, school, and other large gatherings.","PeriodicalId":310759,"journal":{"name":"The Pre-Collegiate Global Health Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121021088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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