Journal of Health Specialties最新文献_第4页

Role of methylglyoxal as a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 agonist in colon motility disturbances associated with diabetes 甲基乙二醛作为瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1激动剂在糖尿病相关结肠运动障碍中的作用

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_118_16

Abdul-Reda Assiri, S. Benham, S. Prichard, C. Benham

{"title":"Role of methylglyoxal as a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 agonist in colon motility disturbances associated with diabetes","authors":"Abdul-Reda Assiri, S. Benham, S. Prichard, C. Benham","doi":"10.4103/JHS.JHS_118_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHS.JHS_118_16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Evidence has been found to suggest that methylglyoxal (MG) plays a mediating role in diabetes-related gastrointestinal conditions, and a possible mechanism relating to these conditions could be revealed by determining MG as a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel agonist. Methods: Muscle strips from the distal colon of male Wistar rats were used, and organ bath was employed to gain insight into the impact of MG + TRPA1 antagonist (HC-030031). Results: Considerable rise of spontaneous contractions for longitudinal muscle strips subjected to pre-treatment with MG were observed. The potentiation of the contractile response of control longitudinal muscle strips to electric field stimulation (EFS) took place as a consequence of pre-treatment with 10 mM MG, and maximum response values displayed a rise from 2.16 g ± 0.323 to 3.64 g ± 0.421. 10 μM HC-030031 was observed to block the improvement of EFS responses by MG, and regarding circular muscle strips, a considerable decline in the maximum relaxation response was facilitated by 10 mM MG. Specifically, this was achieved at 20 Hz from 0.26 g ± 0.036 to 0.055 g ± 0.046. Conclusion: MG has been found to directly contract the distal colons of Wistar rats while enhancing the responses initiated as a result of carbachol and EFS. After blockading the impacts using HC-030031, evidence was found to suggest that the mediation of the impacts takes place through the activation of the TRPA1 channel, which occurs from the excretion of excitatory neurotransmitters. The findings also implicate MG in the blocking of inhibitory neurotransmission.","PeriodicalId":31033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Specialties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73908456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge and compliance with standard isolation precautions among healthcare students in Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯Al-Kharj省卫生保健专业学生对标准隔离预防措施的了解和遵守情况

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_94_16

Maher Alotaibi, Saad Almasari, AbdalazizNasser M Alkadam, Yousif Abdullah Alanazi, Khalid Al Gahtani

{"title":"Knowledge and compliance with standard isolation precautions among healthcare students in Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Maher Alotaibi, Saad Almasari, AbdalazizNasser M Alkadam, Yousif Abdullah Alanazi, Khalid Al Gahtani","doi":"10.4103/JHS.JHS_94_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHS.JHS_94_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Standard isolation precautions (SIPs) are clinical practice policies and guidelines for controlling healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Healthcare students are frequently exposed to HAIs and their abidance of SIPs is paramount. This study is designated to evaluate healthcare students' knowledge and compliance with SIPs. It also identifies the most frequent sources of their information. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 5th January to 16th February 2016 at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia. A novel self-constructed questionnaire was taken from a literature review and reused. Results: About 353 students, of which 73.4% being males with a mean age of 22.3; 1.53 (mean; standard deviation), were surveyed. Seventy percent had previously attended an infection control course. The overall means of knowledge and compliance with SIPs were included within highest ranges. This means that the study sample agreed with all correct answers of knowledge questions and always complied with all recommended statements of compliance. The most frequent source of information was self-learning while the current curriculum was the least frequent. Females were found to have higher mean scores in knowledge and compliance, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, there were statistically significant differences in mean scores of knowledge and compliance between different specialities and academic levels. Conclusion: Despite the relatively weak role played by the current curriculum, this sample showed above average overall means of knowledge and compliance with SIPs.","PeriodicalId":31033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Specialties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86149829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Determinants of self-medication among undergraduate students at King Saud University: Knowledge, attitude and practice 沙特国王大学本科生自我药疗的决定因素:知识、态度和实践

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2468-6360.205078

Khulood Alraddadi, Reema Barakeh, S. Alrefaie, Leena S Alyahya, Maha A Adosary, K. Alyahya

{"title":"Determinants of self-medication among undergraduate students at King Saud University: Knowledge, attitude and practice","authors":"Khulood Alraddadi, Reema Barakeh, S. Alrefaie, Leena S Alyahya, Maha A Adosary, K. Alyahya","doi":"10.4103/2468-6360.205078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2468-6360.205078","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: In Saudi Arabia, most drugs can be obtained from pharmacies without a professional prescription, and despite the prevalence of self-medication, few comprehensive studies were conducted to assess this practice. This study was performed to evaluate self-medication and its pattern among different groups of King Saud University students. Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2014 to April 2015. The targeted population of the study was 477 out of 35,810 undergraduate medical and non-medical students at King Saud University. Data were analysed using SPSS (21.0), and descriptive statistics was used to describe the categorical study and outcome variables. Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of proportions. Results: The prevalence of self-medication within the study period was 50.9% of the respondents (45.18% male and 54.02% female). Cold and flu symptoms were the most common indication among medical (74%) and non-medical students (88.2%). Bacterial and viral infections (P = 0.001) were a common indication among the medical students (19.4%). Analgesics (P = 0.333) was the most common drug used in self-medication among medical (89.7%) and non-medical students (85.3%). Aspirin (P = 0.013) and herbals (P = 0.0001) were reported to be predominantly used by the non-medical students. Conclusion: Half of the respondents practice self-medication; which demonstrates the need to raise public awareness, becoming more conscious during drug utilisation and the pharmacists' advisory role. In addition, further studies should be conducted to assess the herbals' practice in our community as their use was reported to be high in the results.","PeriodicalId":31033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Specialties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72633107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Middle-East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus: Putting emergency departments in the spotlight 中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒:将急诊科置于聚光灯下

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_23_17

Hamza S Ghazal, S. Ghazal, Turki Alharbi, Muhaid Al Nujaidi, Z. Memish

引用次数: 5

Medical laboratory professional's perceptions of continuous medical education 医学检验专业人员对继续医学教育的认知

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_61_16

A. Alyaemni, Samer Qassam

{"title":"Medical laboratory professional's perceptions of continuous medical education","authors":"A. Alyaemni, Samer Qassam","doi":"10.4103/JHS.JHS_61_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHS.JHS_61_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical laboratory technologists (MLTs) are required to gain credit for continuous professional development for relicensing as well as for their own career-long learning. International studies have shown that MLTs who undertake continuing medical education (CME) have improved productivity, enhanced professional flexibility and high work fulfilment. The time spent on CME is associated with professional competency. Previous national research has shown that attendance at CME programmes in Saudi Arabia is likely affected by demographic factors. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of MLTs towards CME activities and to predict factors that affect attendance. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was given to 103 medical laboratory professionals from the Security Forces Hospital as part of a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: The overall mean score was 3.88 for the 103 questionnaires, indicating an affirmative perception of the CME programmes. Males in the age group 25-34 years accounted for 61.2% of responses. The preferred delivery modes for CME programmes were short courses and workshops (23%) and higher education relevant courses (20%). For those who had attended CME and those who had not, no significant difference was found in gender, age, field of specialty, education categories or working experience. Conclusion: Most laboratory technicians in our study reported favourable perceptions of CME programmes, feeling that they increased professional confidence and competency. We recommend that core competencies be integrated into credentialing using profession-specific CME in a workplace setting. In addition, MLTs should be involved in designing the programmes as well. Further studies in a multicentre institution are needed to analyse the difference in perception among those who have attended CME and those who have not.","PeriodicalId":31033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Specialties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72971238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of developmental dysplasia of the hip at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯利雅得一家三级医院髋关节发育不良的特点

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2468-6360.205076

O. Al-Mohrej, W. Alsarhani, Noura K Al-Ayedh, Abeer M Al-Ghamdi, Emad Masudi, S. Alsaif

{"title":"Characteristics of developmental dysplasia of the hip at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"O. Al-Mohrej, W. Alsarhani, Noura K Al-Ayedh, Abeer M Al-Ghamdi, Emad Masudi, S. Alsaif","doi":"10.4103/2468-6360.205076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2468-6360.205076","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders ranging from subluxation to complete dislocation of the hip joint. There are limited number of recent studies describing the characteristics of patients with DDH in Saudi Arabia. Aims: The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of DDH patients and the types of treatment methods they underwent. Subjects and Methods: The present retrospective study comprised data exploring some related factors of DDH in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh from 2004 to 2014. Primary data of children referred to the orthopaedic outpatient clinic with DDH were analysed. Data included: gender, laterality, place of delivery, age at the time of diagnosis and type of intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. Results: A total of 176 DDH diagnosed patients were studied; 151 of which were female (85.8%). Of whom, 87 patients were delivered at KAMC (49.4%). There were 82 patients diagnosed with bilateral DDH (46.6%). The ages of diagnosis were included with 88.8% of the sample diagnosed after 3 months which was highly associated with unilateral disease (P < 0.001). There was a highly significant difference between the place of delivery and the age of diagnosis (P < 0.001). Pelvic osteotomy was the intervention in 50% of the cases. There was a statistically significant difference in the type of intervention with laterality (P = 0.016), age of diagnosis (P < 0.001) and place of delivery (P = 0.015). Conclusions: The awareness of DDH should be increased among paediatricians to decrease the incidence of late DDH diagnosis. A structured screening program has to be created and implemented in all hospitals of the country to detect DDH earlier and to provide treatment as early as possible.","PeriodicalId":31033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Specialties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78551458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Informatics enables public health surveillance 信息学使公共卫生监测成为可能

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_28_17

S. McNabb, P. Ryland, J. Sylvester, Affan Shaikh

引用次数: 6

Breaking bad news among cancer physicians 癌症医生们的坏消息

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_10_17

S. Alshammary, A. Hamdan, J. Tamani, Abdullah Alshuhil, S. Ratnapalan, Musa Alharbi

{"title":"Breaking bad news among cancer physicians","authors":"S. Alshammary, A. Hamdan, J. Tamani, Abdullah Alshuhil, S. Ratnapalan, Musa Alharbi","doi":"10.4103/JHS.JHS_10_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHS.JHS_10_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breaking bad news to patients with cancer diagnosis is not an easy task for physicians. The diagnosis must be explicitly stated and understood, and prognosis must be well-discussed in the most gentle and comfortable manner. It is important that the disclosure is performed in a way that patients will not lose all hope and get very depressed, leading them to undergo an abrupt change of their outlook in life. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the physicians' perceptions and perspectives of breaking bad news to cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of all comprehensive cancer centre physicians currently working in a university teaching hospital in the Middle East was conducted from August to September 2016. Results: Sixty-eight percent responded to the survey. Eighty-four percent were comfortable with breaking bad news, and 70% had training in breaking bad news. Eighty-six percent of responders stated that patients should be told about their cancer. Almost 30% of the respondents stated that they would still disclose the diagnosis to patients even if it would be against the preference of the relatives. Nearly 61% said that they would only tell the details to the patients if asked while 67% of them disagreed that patients should be told about the diagnoses only if the relatives consent. About 51% of physicians wanted to discuss the bad news with the family members and patient together, whereas 24% stated that the patient alone should be involved in the discussion. Conclusion: Physicians face a dilemma when families do not wish the patient to know the cancer diagnosis and this highlights the necessity of taking into consideration the social circumstances in healthcare. When taking these into considerations, curriculum in the medical school must, therefore, be updated and must integrate the acquisition of skills in breaking bad news early in training.","PeriodicalId":31033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Specialties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86800019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Midterm outcome after correction of hallux valgus deformity using scarf osteotomy in adult population 围骨截骨术矫正成人拇外翻畸形的中期疗效

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_104_16

Laura Alolayan, Mohammed S. Alshehri, Amjaad Almohawis, Thuriya Alsumai, Nader S. Alkenani

{"title":"Midterm outcome after correction of hallux valgus deformity using scarf osteotomy in adult population","authors":"Laura Alolayan, Mohammed S. Alshehri, Amjaad Almohawis, Thuriya Alsumai, Nader S. Alkenani","doi":"10.4103/JHS.JHS_104_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHS.JHS_104_16","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Determining the efficacy of any surgical treatment is the key to achieve better practice and best outcomes for patients. Aims: This study is designed to address midterm outcome in adult patients with moderate-to-severe hallux valgus (HV), who underwent scarf osteotomy from 2012 to 2014. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective cohort study in which charts of all adult patients with moderate-to-severe HV who underwent scarf osteotomy from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Subjects and Methods: Between 2011 and 2014, 39 patients (41 feet) who underwent scarf osteotomy for correction of HV deformity were retrospectively evaluated. Standard weight-bearing dorsoplantar radiographs were obtained pre- and postoperatively. HV angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and distal metatarsal articular angles (DMAA) were measured pre- and postoperatively to evaluate the efficacy of the surgery. The complication rate was reported. The average follow-up was 13.5 months, and the patients' mean age was 37 years. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test whichever was appropriate. All tests were two-sided, and a P> 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average preoperative HVA and IMA were 32° and 14.3°, which improved to 11° and 7.9°, respectively. The changes were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The average DMAA was 16° which was reduced to (12°); however, the change was not statistically significant (P > 0.18). Conclusions: This study suggests that scarf osteotomy surgery is a very versatile osteotomy in correcting moderate-to-severe HV deformity. It offers a greater degree of correction and stability, lower rate of complications and good outcome. However, long-term follow-up studies are still needed.","PeriodicalId":31033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Specialties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77400257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malaria elimination in Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡消除疟疾

Journal of Health Specialties Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/JHS.JHS_25_17

J. Simac, Sayema Badar, J. Farber, M. Brako, Rafael Angel Lo Giudice-Jimenez, Steven Raspa, Meshack Achore, S. MacKnight

引用次数: 7