{"title":"Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources Using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient","authors":"Avijit Das, Di Wu","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998046","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for coordination and control of distributed energy resources (DERS) under uncertainties. Many existing RL approaches, including Q-learning and approximate dynamic programming, are based on lookup table methods, which become inefficient when the problem size is large and infeasible when continuous states and actions are involved. In addition, when modeling battery energy storage systems (BESSS), the loss of life is not reasonably considered in the decision-making process. This paper proposes an innovative deep RL method for DER coordination considering BESS degradation. The proposed deep RL is designed based on an adaptive actor-critic architecture and employs an off-policy deterministic policy gradient method for determining the dispatch operation that minimizes the operation cost and BESS loss of life. Case studies were performed to validate the proposed method and demonstrate the effects of incorporating degradation models into control design.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121460711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equitable Design of Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage Programs: A Customer Perspective","authors":"Jeremy Twitchell","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998044","url":null,"abstract":"Utility deployment of energy storage is done as a utility-scale asset connected directly to the grid (front of meter) or in partnership with a customer on the customer’s premises (behind the meter). By offering incentives for customers to install behind-the-meter storage, utilities can gain operational control of the assets and operate them in a manner that benefits all customers. Some states have also begun providing increased incentive levels to low-income customers to ensure that they can equitably share in the benefits of behind-the-meter energy storage programs. This paper evaluates different approaches to energy storage procurement from the customer’s perspective and evaluates how behind-the-meter programs can be equitably structured while keeping customers financially indifferent between front-of-meter and behind-the-meter energy storage procurements.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117331275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tbaileh, M. Elizondo, M. J. Alam, C. Vartanian, Amir Mohammednur, Hayk Zargaryan, Manuel Avendano
{"title":"Enhanced Inertial Support: Modeling Fast Frequency Response Controls for Energy Storage System Inverters","authors":"A. Tbaileh, M. Elizondo, M. J. Alam, C. Vartanian, Amir Mohammednur, Hayk Zargaryan, Manuel Avendano","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998022","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction of power system inertia is a growing concern for grid operators given the transition under way from conventional fossil generators to inverter-based resources. One key concern is the rapid and severe dip in power system frequency following a large disturbance which could trigger remedial actions including operation of under frequency load shedding (UFLS) relays. A potential solution is to utilize battery energy storage systems (BESS) to provide fast frequency response (FFR) to mitigate the system frequency impact of low system inertia. In this work, we investigate different control parameters to achieve modeled FFR response from BESS in the simulated US Western Interconnection. First, a very low inertia model is developed from an existing positive sequence model of the Western Interconnection. Afterwards, we tune the BESS dynamic response parameters to eliminate any risks of reaching UFLS relay thresholds following the loss of large generators. Finally, we investigate the relative impact of having large BESS units in comparison of multiple smaller units in the same area. The results of the analyses indicate that 1 GW of transmission-connected BESS can help mitigate the frequency drop caused by large generators outages in the Western Interconnection, and significantly reduce the risk of under frequency load shedding.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafaela Nascimento, F.O. Ramos, Washington A. S, Manoel H. N. Marinho, Aline Pinheiro
{"title":"Evaluation of a Solar Plus Battery Energy Storage Microgrid Topology Transition from AC to Hybrid","authors":"Rafaela Nascimento, F.O. Ramos, Washington A. S, Manoel H. N. Marinho, Aline Pinheiro","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998041","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids provide economy and reliability on energy consumption when working with distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar panels, fuel cells, and battery storage. There are many ways to couple those elements and many more to control each one. This paper deals with a microgrid composed of a photovoltaic solar plant and a lead-carbon battery energy storage system, both connected to an AC bus, that undergoes modifications to become hybrid coupled (connection not only through an AC bus, but also through a DC bus). Coupling topologies are summarized, the modifications needed to the transformation are reported, an operation strategy to manage the energy flow in an optimal way is proposed, and the strategy is validated.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129986238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eliot Jiménez-Ortega, S. Santoso, M. Madrigal-Martínez
{"title":"Mitigation of PV Voltage Fluctuations using Adaptive Moving Average and Volt-var Control","authors":"Eliot Jiménez-Ortega, S. Santoso, M. Madrigal-Martínez","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998023","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage fluctuations caused by photovoltaic power variability might become a severe problem at high levels of photovoltaic penetration in distribution networks. In this paper one active power approach and one reactive power approach are implemented to mitigate the voltage fluctuations caused by a multi-megawatt PV system integrated into a distribution system. Quasi-Static Time Series simulations are performed using OpenDSS and Python to assess the performance of each approach and to compare them in terms of the accumulated tap operations executed by the voltage regulators held by the distribution system at the end of the day. Results of simulations demonstrate that, although more complex, the active power approach is the most effective.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127373481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kitano, Toshio Ooka, Yoshiyuki Nagaoka, K. Fujikawa, T. Shibata, Takashi Yano
{"title":"Multiple-Use Application Between Wholesale Market and Distribution Level Microgrid with Vanadium Flow Battery","authors":"R. Kitano, Toshio Ooka, Yoshiyuki Nagaoka, K. Fujikawa, T. Shibata, Takashi Yano","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998043","url":null,"abstract":"The multiple-use application (MUA) between the wholesale market and a distribution level microgrid with a 2 MW / 8 MWh vanadium flow battery (VFB) system has been demonstrated in Southern California. The microgrid has successfully served real residential customers, stably shifting from a grid-connected state to a microgrid in both a black-start transition and a seamless transition in which the customers didn’t notice a power outage. The results validated that the VFB system could supply power to foreseeable blackout areas as a stand-alone power source within a microgrid in times of an emergency such as natural disasters or during planned outages, while supporting power transactions with a grid operator during normal times.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131991122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sánchez-Pérez, S. Kurtz, Natalia Gonzalez, Martin Staadecker, Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez
{"title":"Effect of Time Resolution on Capacity Expansion Modeling to Quantify Value of Long-Duration Energy Storage","authors":"P. Sánchez-Pérez, S. Kurtz, Natalia Gonzalez, Martin Staadecker, Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998031","url":null,"abstract":"Long-duration energy storage (LDES) technologies have been recently included in capacity expansion models for long-term planning. Many of these models have a simplified temporal resolution to reduce the computation time to achieve faster scenario results. However, it is unclear if these simplifications change the optimal solution for LDES, especially when modeling grids dominated by variable renewable energy (VRE) generation. For this reason, we studied how such temporal simplification changes the modeled optimal power and energy capacity of LDES technologies. We formulated a capacity expansion problem for the California region using three different temporal resolutions. We obtained that decreasing the model complexity by using fewer time points yielded different configurations and utilization of LDES technologies.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125749314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salman Nazir, Hisham Othman, Khoi Vu, Shiyuan Wang, Dipayan Banik, Atri Bera, Cody J. Newlun, Andrew Benson, Jim Ellison
{"title":"pIRP: A Probabilistic Tool for Long-Term Integrated Resource Planning of Power Systems","authors":"Salman Nazir, Hisham Othman, Khoi Vu, Shiyuan Wang, Dipayan Banik, Atri Bera, Cody J. Newlun, Andrew Benson, Jim Ellison","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998029","url":null,"abstract":"The penetration of renewable energy resources (RER) and energy storage systems (ESS) into the power grid has been accelerated in recent times due to the aggressive emission and RER penetration targets. The Integrated resource planning (IRP) framework can help in ensuring long-term resource adequacy while satisfying RER integration and emission reduction targets in a cost-effective and reliable manner. In this paper, we present pIRP (probabilistic Integrated Resource Planning), an open-source Python-based software tool designed for optimal portfolio planning for an RER and ESS rich future grid and for addressing the capacity expansion problem. The tool, which is planned to be released publicly, with its ESS and RER modeling capabilities along with enhanced uncertainty handling make it one of the more advanced non-commercial IRP tools available currently. Additionally, the tool is equipped with an intuitive graphical user interface and expansive plotting capabilities. Impacts of uncertainties in the system are captured using Monte Carlo simulations and lets the users analyze hundreds of scenarios with detailed scenario reports. A linear programming based architecture is adopted which ensures sufficiently fast solution time while considering hundreds of scenarios and characterizing profile risks with varying levels of RER and ESS penetration levels. Results for a test case using data from parts of the Eastern Interconnection are provided in this paper to demonstrate the capabilities offered by the tool.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130962827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Tarekegne, Devyn Powell, K. Oikonomou, Eva Jacroux, R. O'Neil
{"title":"Analysis of Energy Justice and Equity Impacts from Replacing Peaker Plants with Energy Storage","authors":"B. Tarekegne, Devyn Powell, K. Oikonomou, Eva Jacroux, R. O'Neil","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998034","url":null,"abstract":"Transitions to low-carbon energy systems are essential to mitigating and adapting to climate change. Energy storage systems are a key component in achieving a viable decarbonized electric grid. However, decarbonization alone does not guarantee a fairer, more inclusive, or socially just energy system. Energy equity and justice should be integrated in energy system transitions to ensure benefits and burdens are shared equitably. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between energy storage and social equity by assessing the use of energy storage to replace natural gas-fired (NG) peaker plants. Peaker plants are disproportionately located near disadvantaged communities and tend to be older and high emitters of health-affecting fine particulate matter and other pollutants. This paper investigates the equity implications of NG peaker plant replacements with battery energy storage in the context of Washington State’s peaker plants to highlight the human-centered values of retiring the plants. The study performed production cost simulations using the latest Western Electric Coordinating Council Anchor Dataset 2030 case and found that total generation cost, locational marginal price, and total annual emissions were reduced with the replacements. These reductions will have equity benefits on local communities including access to clean air, enhanced health outcomes, and energy burden reductions.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128562557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Situ Adaptive Battery Parameter Estimation Algorithm with Cross-Validation and Observer","authors":"David M. Rosewater, Oindrilla Dutta, V. Angelis","doi":"10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT55007.2022.9998040","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a reinforcement learning based algorithm has been developed for online estimation of battery state-of-health. This algorithm utilizes streaming battery data on a second-order equivalent circuit model of a battery cell, with charge reservoir model and fourth order polynomial approximation. The parameters of this model are adapted based on minimization of error between the estimated and measured states of a battery cell. In-situ parameter estimation considerably reduces the amount of information required for accurate state determination, since the algorithm periodically performs training, testing, and validation on the accumulated cell data. Besides, model complexity has been incorporated and online cross-validation has been performed to improve model accuracy. This state-estimation algorithm has been tested on Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells under the discharge rates of 0.5C, 1C and 2C, at temperatures of 15◦C, 25◦C, and 35◦C.","PeriodicalId":310250,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)","volume":"1 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131727383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}