Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология最新文献

{"title":"Towards а design of new generation digital seismic seabed seismographs – current state and future outlook","authors":"D. Ilinskiy, Д А Ильинский, A. A. Ginzburg, А А Гинзбург, V. V. Voronin, Вячеслав Владимирович Воронин, O. Ganzha, О Ю Ганжа, A. Manukin, Анатолий Борисович Манукин, K. Roginskiy, Константин Александрович Рогинский","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019287-101-10062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019287-101-10062","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the comparative characteristics of self-pop-up digital seabed seismometers that have been developed since the early 2000s. The requirements for the main technical characteristics that should be considered for developing the new-generation of self-pop-up seabed seismometers have been proposed. The microcontroller and reference frequency generator are the key parts for a seabed seismometer design. The paper provides the development results of these key components, which are essential for the seismometer performance (power consumption and functionality). \u0000A draft proposal for seabed seismic exploration project in the Russian sector of the Black Sea solving the current actual geological problems is presented. Implementation of the project will contribute to determination of the crystalline basement depth within the Shatsky ridge and the Tuapse depression; detection of P and S wave velocities in the lower part of sedimentary cover and in the basement, and to the refinement of the Earth’s crust thickness. The extension of regional seabed seismic lines from the Turkish to the Russian sector of the Black Sea will give the scientists a clearer picture of the Earth’s crust structure over the whole east Black Sea basin. The results of seabed studies will verify and improve the results of the Black Sea 2011 towed-streamer survey (with 10 km streamer) on the sedimentary cover structure and the Earth’s crust.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128483504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism specifics of the landslide-hazardous massif limit state formation and landslide block displacement","authors":"G. Postoev","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019213-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019213-20","url":null,"abstract":"In the landslide cycle of deep block movement development, the landslide process starts with the separation of the new landslide block from the bedrock massif, and it ends with the block displacement until the steady landslide head is formed in the hotbed (on the landslide slope). The initial stressed state in the bedrock massif with horizontal earth surface (before the landslide block forms) is controlled by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The landslide hotbed forming as well as the sliding basis appearing cause the change in the initial stress state and the formation of horizontally oriented dissipative blocks-structures. The principal stresses are concentrated on the boundary surfaces of these structures (which are of a circular cylindrical shape). The limit state forms along these boundary surfaces of the appropriate block in the local massif zone on the contact with the landslide hotbed. The displacement occurs along the same surfaces, provided the equilibrium is disturbed. In forming the limit state of the head scarp massif, the adjacent part of the landslide massif (within the boundaries of the earlier separated landslide block) acts as an additional load (creates an active vertical pressure from the landslide mass weight) to the horizon of the landslide basis. The bedrock massif interacts with the slope at the stage of preparing block displacement. The block limit state is achieved in case the head scarp height reaches its critical value (the slope edge is higher than the landslide head). Under the soil masses weight in the new landslide block, separated from the bedrock massif, as it subsides, the soil crushes in a lower part of the block, which has lost its balance, in the slide basis zone. The paper considers the conditions of the new landslide block formation, the beginning of block displacement process, the mechanism of interaction between blocks, the bedrock massif and the landslide body, which consists of earlier displaced landslide blocks. The paper also provides the rationale for the soil strength changes in the process of displacement and its significance in the landslide cycle completing, with comparing the results of theoretical and experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122269691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of initial seismic impacts on the northern part of the Barents Sea shelf (Novaya Zemlya region) for the purpose of seismic microzoning in the areas of prospective hydrocarbon mining","authors":"I. G. Mindel, И Г Миндель, B. A. Trifonov, Б. А. Трифонов, M. D. Kaurkin, М. Д. Кауркин, V. V. Nesynov, В В Несынов","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019238-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019238-47","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, in connection with the national task of developing the Arctic territories of Russia and the perspective increase in the hydrocarbon mining on the Arctic shelf, more attention is being paid to the study of seismicity in the Barents Sea shelf. The development of the Russian Arctic shelf with the prospect of increasing hydrocarbon mining is a strategically important issue. Research by B.A. Assinovskaya (1990, 1994) and Ya.V. Konechnaya (2015) allowed the authors to estimate the seismic effects for the northern part of the Barents Sea shelf (Novaya Zemlya region). The paper presents the assessment results of the initial seismic impacts that can be used to solve seismic microzoning problems in the areas of oil and gas infrastructure during the economic development of the Arctic territory.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130827320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local neotectonic restructuring in the North Caucasus orogene","authors":"S. Nesmeyanov, O. Voeykova","doi":"10.31857/S0869-7809201923-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-7809201923-12","url":null,"abstract":"Cases of regional neotectonic restructuring are well known in the Caucasus. Detailed geotectonic zoning and identification of local structural changes are required for the engineering geological and paleoecological studies. The Baksan River valley was studied in the North Caucasus as an example of such a restructuring. The problem about the number of Quaternary volcanogenic strata and their role in structural rearrangement is considered. The Pliocene – Plio-Pleistocene volcanogenic strata cloak-like covered the Nizhnechegemsky district before the first reconstruction. Zayuksky graben (with an amplitude of 200 m) was formed in the end of Plio-Pleistocene; and a part of Pliocene- Plio-Pleistocene volcanogenic strata sank into it. Two layers with a total thickness of more than 100 m were deposited in the resulting trough. The upper strata (baxangess) contain redeposited boulder-pebbly volcanogenic material. Colluvial, subaquatic-deltoid and lacustrian facies are registered. The orographic depression in Zayuksky graben was completely filled before Eopleistocene as a result of next restructuring. The Baksan River began to form a wide well-terraced valley without any significant left tributaries there. The baxangess strata contain pebble of liparite lavas and obsidians. This pebble was used by the Paleolithic man for making stone tools. Poor roundness of pebble indicates its short transportation distance. Contradictory ideas about the initial distribution of parental volcanic rocks are considered. It is concluded on the acuteness of identifying such neotectonic rearrangements for the analysis of various paleogeographic and paleoecological changes.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121700722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the induced thermokarst model for the remote assessment of natural hazard","authors":"A. Victorov, А. С. Викторов, T. Orlov, Т. В. Орлов, A. Dorozhko, А. Л. Дорожко, A. Zverev, А.В. Зверев","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019268-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019268-76","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the probabilistic approach to modelling the thermokarst processes induced by linear engineering structures. We have improved the previously published model and have determined the mathematical laws for the two semi-axes of the thermokarst focus (the lengths of the projections on an engineering structure and its perpendicular). The analytically obtained laws should be followed with the validity of the proposed model: the lengths of the projection on the engineering structure and the perpendicular must obey the lognormal distribution; the ratio of the lengths of the projections between them must have a statistically significant correlation and obey the lognormal distribution. The proposed model was tested at five sites in Eastern Siberia. For all sites, the proposed model has confirmed its validity. Thus, the proposed model can be used for remote hazard assessment and risk analysis for linear structures in the permafrost zone.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114713271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditions, consequences and prevention ways of behind-the-casing flow in deep well injection disposal of liquid waste sites","authors":"A. Ponizov, А В Понизов, P. Vereshchagin, П М Верещагин, N. V. Chulkov, Н В Чулков, M. K. Sharaputa, М К Шарапута, E. A. Baidariko, Е А Байдарико","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019256-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019256-67","url":null,"abstract":"The main detection methods, signs, geotechnical conditions, factors and potential consequences of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) behind-the-casing flow are described in the paper. Based on the modeling results for the real LRW components behind-the-casing flow, the mechanism of behind-the-casing flows evolution in the intervals of wells with increased permeability of cement stone are presented. The concentration of LRW components in these intervals changes significantly in time and depends not only on their current concentration in the waste and the permeability of the rock, but also on the pressure gradient, the direction and absolute value of which are determined by the well operation mode and natural hydrogeological conditions. It is noted that behind-the-casing flows of groundwater and LRW components are formed primary in injection wells, above its filter and top of aquifer used for LRW disposal (operational aquifer). The behind-the-casing flows lead to technogenic changes in the geological environment, which are local in space and time, and reduce the safety of such facilities as deep-level disposal sites for LRW (DDF LRW). \u0000The vertical channel of increased permeability around injection wells and behind-the-casing flows may be prevented by improving the design and construction materials of wells, adjustment of the LRW disposal mode and other methods, including the use of new sealing materials and clarifying technical solutions.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116713064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regime of karst and glacial lakes at the carboniferous plateau of Tikhvin Ridge in the Northwest of the Russian platform","authors":"K. Belov, P. Ignatov, E. Goryunov","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019221-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019221-29","url":null,"abstract":"The studied territory is restricted to the central part of Tikhvin Ridge composed of karstified terrigenous and carbonate deposits of Carboniferous age. The central part of the area is a flat watershed dividing the rivers flowing northwest to Lake Ladoga and those flowing southeast to the Rybinsk water reservoir. The considered territory lies within the Msta River basin subjected to the recent tectonic uplift, forming landforms of Alpine type. Considerable longitudinal sloping of rivers provide intense surface and subsurface runoff (the active hydrodynamic regime). In the considered territory, the lakes are known with their areas changing significantly and quickly enough (months or years). The water in lake basins may disappear or fill them back completely. According to observations, these abrupt decreases and rises in water level do not correlate with seasonal floods, high water and low water periods. The phenomenon of drying and (what is particularly interesting) subsequent filling of lake basins with water is obviously related to the karstic groundwater regime, which is of scientific interest. The up-to-date research data include state geological maps (scale 1:200 000); topographic maps (scale 1:100 000); space images of the free-access Google Planet Earth Internet service, taken in summer and autumn 1984-2016; and weather service data. Cartographic materials were processed in GIS. The analysis of collected data allowed us to distinguish between two types of lakes, i.e., those with insignificant and substantial changes in area with time. Water reservoirs of the first type located on water-permeable moraine Quaternary deposits are classified as glacial. Other lakes overlying immediately Carboniferous deposits, have funnels in the basin bottom and are considered as karstic. The areas of two glacial and three karstic lakes have been measured (by interpreting satellite images) within the central part of the Carboniferous plateau at the Tikhvin Ridge. Variation in the glacial lake areas in the span of 33 years were found to be not crucial, being directly related to annual atmospheric precipitation not correlating with the changing areas of karstic lakes. Karstic lakes reveal 2-, 3- and 12-year-long cycles of significant changes in areas. These changes show decreases and rises in their levels and volumes. They are correlated among all karstic lakes irrespective of the average annual volume of atmospheric precipitation. It points to the significant participation of groundwater in alimentation of karstic lakes belonging to a single karstic water-bearing complex of underlying Carboniferous deposits. Authors relate the recurrent shallowing and filling of karstic lakes to the modern alternating tectonic movements leading to variation in permeability of karstic groundwater-bearing deposits.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123141831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation and structure of hypergenesis zone in the above-salt layer of the Verkhnekamskoe potassium salt deposit, Perm Krai, Russia","authors":"Y. Mamaev, Ю А Мамаев, A. Yastrebov, А А Ястребов","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019230-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019230-37","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the formation conditions and factors, as well as the structure and properties of rocks at the unique geological object within the Verknekamskoe potassium salt deposit, i.e., more than 90-m-thick zone of hypergenesis in the above-salt massif of interbedding terrigenous, terrigenous-carbonate and halogen deposits of lower Permian age, which covers the salt horizon of 300-700 m thickness. The geological history of the area is described in brief, which controls its geological and geomorphological structural features. The natural conditions and rock-transforming factors operating for millions of years are discussed. The composition, state and properties of rock in the hypergenesis zone are characterized, including their changes with the depth. This is important for the assessment and prediction of karst development in the considered area, as well as surface deformations and collapses.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128933390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of modern geological processes in the territory of Russia and CIS countries in the early XXI century","authors":"I. V. Mal’neva, И В Мальнева","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019160-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019160-69","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the modern problems in prediction of hazardous geological processes in the XXI century. It is noted that the peculiarities of the prediction of the most hazardous geological processes (landslides, mudflows, etc.) are connected with global climatic changes and a technogenic factor. The assessment of climatic changes and the most largest catastrophic disasters was carried out with use of the typification of atmospheric circulation in the Northern hemisphere, developed by B. L. Dzerdzeevskii. The data of the typification for the period from 1899 to 2017 can be found on the Internet website www. atmospheric-circulation.ru in open access. The major disasters are considered that caused an activation of landslides and mudflows. The interaction of natural and technogenic factors is described during these disasters. The prediction took into consideration the changes in solar activity and features of space weather.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124122503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoenvironmental safety of urban areas: approaches and implementation","authors":"V. Zaikanov, В Г Заиканов, T. Minakova, Т Б Минакова, E. Buldakova, Е.В. Булдакова","doi":"10.31857/S0869-78092019117-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-78092019117-23","url":null,"abstract":"An urban area is the most important form of space-time interaction between society and nature. It is in the urbanized area that environmental problems are most acute. The developed Strategy of Ecological Safety of Russia for the period up to 2025 almost does not consider the role of geoenvironmental factors in the overall safety of the city. This article defines their place in the system of general ecological safety of urban areas. The structure of geoenvironmental hazards is introduced, and an example of their relationship is given. The algorithm of assessment is proposed and a version of the geoenvironmental safety system is developed for the urban area.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115117621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}