Rural Sustainability Research最新文献_第10页

Financial Literacy of Rural Population as a Determinant of Saving Behavior in Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦农村人口的金融素养是储蓄行为的决定因素

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0010

Sholpan Gaisina, L. Kaidarova

{"title":"Financial Literacy of Rural Population as a Determinant of Saving Behavior in Kazakhstan","authors":"Sholpan Gaisina, L. Kaidarova","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In rural Kazakhstan, the credit and insurance services are limited and the state support is weak. Therefore, households’ saving is crucial to provide an insurance against the economic and social shocks. The main goal of this study is to contribute to the literature on financial literacy in emerging economies, namely, the effect of financial literacy on saving rates of rural population. Being well educated not always means to be financial literate and make efficient decisions regarding one’s own finance. People with a lower formal education level but with better experience in consuming financial products could be better prepared for making financial decisions including those related to savings. In this paper other socio-economic determinants of saving rates were taken into account, such as an income level, family size and an employment status. This research was carried out in Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan, and the data collection took place in spring 2014. In total, 405 households were surveyed. Results of the analysis show that if a respondent gives at least one correct answer, it positively affects the saving rates as well as one can observe that the higher the financial literacy level, the higher are the saving rates. Availability of state supported financial education programs for rural people will significantly contribute to the financial literacy improvement. At the same time, providing various and appropriate financial products in rural areas will motivate rural people to search for new knowledge and require authorities to intensify activities in this field.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"32 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plua-2017-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44129277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Total Content of Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity in Crispbreads with Plant By-product addition 植物副产物对脆面包中酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0009

D. Konrade, D. Klava

{"title":"Total Content of Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity in Crispbreads with Plant By-product addition","authors":"D. Konrade, D. Klava","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vegetable processing in food industry results in significant amount of by-products – peel, mark, bark, seeds still rich in bioactive compounds. Apple, carrot and pumpkin peel and mark may be used for production of crispbreads as functional ingredients. The objective of this study is to investigate the stability of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity after high temperature and short time (HTST) extrusion cooking of a wheat and rice-based crispbreads with addition of apple, carrot and pumpkin by-products obtained after juice extraxtion and dried. Raw materials for crispbread production were wheat flour, rice flour, wheat bran (72%, 24% and 4% respectively) with addition of microwave–vacuum dried by-product powder in different amount (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). Extrusion process was performed by using a laboratory singlescrew extruder GÖTTFERT 1 screw Extrusiometer L series (Germany). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant scavenging activity using a modified colorimetric method. Comparing different raw formulations, it was observed that the TPC of the apple by-product flour was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in carrot and pumpkin flour. TPC in cereal-based crispbread was 36.06±1.15 before extrusion and 13.90±1.01 mg GAEg-1 DW (milligram Gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dry weight (mg GAE 100 g−1 DW) after extrusion. Addition of apple BPF increased TPC in crispbreads to 106.25±2.08, carrot BPF 84.73±3.45 and pumpkin BPF to 108.82±1.04 mg GAEg−1 DW. Antioxidant activity of control sample was 1.07±0.01mg TE (Trolox equivalents) g−1 DW but in samples with addition of 20% apple by-products, it reached 3.77±0.02 TE g−1 DW for samples wih 20% carrot by-products reached 2.52±0.03TE g−1 DW and for samples wih 20% pumpkin by-products reached 3.77±0.02 TE g−1 DW.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"24 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plua-2017-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Do Social Networks have Effects on the Risk Attitude of Commercial Poultry Farmers? Evidence from Southwest Nigeria 社交网络对商业家禽养殖户的风险态度有影响吗？来自尼日利亚西南部的证据

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0007

O. A. Obayelu, Olukemi Olumuyiwa Olowe, Temitope Grace Faleye

{"title":"Do Social Networks have Effects on the Risk Attitude of Commercial Poultry Farmers? Evidence from Southwest Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Obayelu, Olukemi Olumuyiwa Olowe, Temitope Grace Faleye","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poultry production decision setting is full of risk and imperfect information. Attitude towards risk is a measure of farmers’ willingness to take risks which is an important determinant in their production decisions. Strong social capital emanating from social networks can lead to efficient risk management strategies, thereby minimizing risks faced by the farmers. Therefore, the effects of social capital on the risk attitude of small-scale commercial poultry farmers in Oyo state were assessed. Data were collected from two hundred small-scale farmers and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, factorial analysis, multinomial logit and a two-stage least square. Results showed that 52.5%, 37.5% and 10% of the poultry farmers were risk averse, risk neutral and risk preferring, respectively. About 31.4% and 68.6% of the female and male farmers respectively were risk averse. Close to a fifth, a quarter and two-thirds of the risk averse, risk neutral and risk takers respectively contributed 21-30% of the decisions in the associations. Fourteen percent of the farmers belonged to homogeneous groups. The choice of being risk averse was affected by marital status, educational level, family size, percentage spent on poultry income and aggregate social capital. There was no reverse causality between risk attitude and social capital.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"13 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Mathematics Education Problems and Attempts to Solve Them in Nowadays Lithuanian School 当代立陶宛学校数学教育存在的问题及解决的尝试

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0006

Ieva Malaukytė

{"title":"Mathematics Education Problems and Attempts to Solve Them in Nowadays Lithuanian School","authors":"Ieva Malaukytė","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The decreasing number of the Lithuanian residents has strong impact on the educational system: the number of pupils is decreasing, the schools are getting closed. School is considered to be the provider of educational services, so it is necessary to search, how to preserve and attract clients – pupils. The growing competition induces search for distinctiveness among the schools. According to the theory of generations of William Strauss and Neil Howe, now we have to educate representatives of generation Z, who do not like violence, restrictions, want to be distinctive and are open to the world of technologies. The teacher faces the challenge when s/he wants to convey mathematical skills to these pupils. The profile teaching followed by training based on individual curricula provided more choices for the pupils. This freedom led to the dead-end of mathematical literacy and forced to return to a compulsory national final exam of Mathematics and to change the indexes for the persons entering studies of the first cycle and integrated studies. In the article, mathematics achievements and situation in schools in Lithuania as well as the measures taken to improve mathematical literacy in the country are described.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"51 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Growth and Yield of 15-Year Plantations of Pine, Spruce and Birch in Agricultural Land 农业用地15年生松、云杉、桦树的生长与产量

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0005

M. Daugaviete, A. Lazdiņš, D. Lazdiņa, K. Makovskis, U. Daugavietis

{"title":"Growth and Yield of 15-Year Plantations of Pine, Spruce and Birch in Agricultural Land","authors":"M. Daugaviete, A. Lazdiņš, D. Lazdiņa, K. Makovskis, U. Daugavietis","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The growth data and the potential returns from 15-year-old plantations of pine Pinus sylvestris L. (6 trial sites), spruce Picea abies Karst L. (9 trial sites) and silver birch Betula pendula Roth (13 trial sites), established in abandoned agricultural lands in a variety of soil types (sod calcareous, anthrosols, podzolic, podzols, gley, podzolic gley, alluvial), using the planting density 2,500 and 3,300 and also 5,000 trees/ha are analysed. For tree plantations in agricultural soils (alluvial sod-gley, gley-sod podzolic, sod-podzolic gley, typic podzol) at the survival of 80-98% the stock volume for 15-year pine is as high as 102-155 m3ha−1 with the volume growth 5.72-8.94 m3ha−1 per year; the same indices for spruce in agricultural soils (gley sod-calcareous, sodpodzolic, cultivated, sod-podzolic gley, alluvial sod-gley, base-unsaturated brown) are 75-98 m3ha−1 and 10.26-15.76 m3ha−1, respectively. For 15-year plantation birch the mentioned indices may vary from 61 to 169 m3ha−1 and from 7.54 to 29.82 m3ha−1 per year. The lowest volume growth (4.66 m3ha−1 per year) is for birch in heavy clay soil (gleyic sod-podzolic), the highest (29.72-29.82 m3ha−1 per year) – in cultivated soils and pseudogley soil. Plantation cultivation of pine, spruce and birch in agricultural lands may by the age of 15 years yield with a profit such forest products as pulpwood, fire wood and woody biomass. The gross income gained from first commercial thinnings of plantation pine, utilizing pulpwood, fire wood and logging residue biomass, may vary from 679-2267 EUR ha−1, for spruce the same indices are 1644-3272 EUR ha−1, for birch - 683-2188 EUR ha−1.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"38 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43740871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization on Chlorophyll Content in Winter Wheat 氮肥和硫肥对冬小麦叶绿素含量的影响

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0004

I. Skudra, A. Ruža

{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization on Chlorophyll Content in Winter Wheat","authors":"I. Skudra, A. Ruža","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nitrogen management strategy in plant growth period based on chlorophyll content evaluation in plant can improve nitrogen usage efficiency and reduce environmental contamination. This study is aimed to determine the impact of different nitrogen and sulphur fertilizer rates on dynamics of chlorophyll content in winter wheat during vegetative growth and to determine the relationship between nitrogen and chlorophyll content and grain yield of winter wheat. Field trial involving a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Kranich’ was conducted at the LUA Research and Study Farm Vecauce during a three-year period (2012-2015). The treatments were 0, 85, 153, 175+S21, 175 (in 2015), 187 N kg ha−1 and different nitrogen norms according to chlorophyll meter Yara N-tester (Konica Minolta Ltd.) data: 180, 150, 205 N kg ha−1 depending on the year. The results of the trial show that the maximum chlorophyll content in different plant parts was observed at the end of flowering stage. The chlorophyll content depended on the level of mineral fertilisation. The highest chlorophyll content in leaves, stems and ears was obtained by using additional sulphur in two trial years. Usage of chlorophyll meter Yara N-tester obtained the highest chlorophyll content in all analyzed plant parts in one trial year. Chlorophyll content was significantly dependant on plant growth stage in stems in all trial years, in leaves in two trial years, and in ears in one year. Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected chlorophyll content in leaves and stems in one trial year. Close positive correlation was observed between grain yield and wheat plant chlorophyll content and average nitrogen concentration at the end of flowering stage in all three trial years.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"29 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plua-2017-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47041236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Rhizobium sp. – a Potential Tool for Improving Protein Content in Peas and Faba Beans 根瘤菌是提高豌豆和蚕豆蛋白质含量的潜在工具

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0001

A. Šenberga, L. Dubova, I. Alsina, L. Strauta

{"title":"Rhizobium sp. – a Potential Tool for Improving Protein Content in Peas and Faba Beans","authors":"A. Šenberga, L. Dubova, I. Alsina, L. Strauta","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Legume seed inoculation prior to sowing is a well-known practice in agriculture. Nitrogen fixation, due to the symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia, improves the productivity of legumes. Rhizobia strain specificity can be observed very often, leading to differences in the total protein content. In this study two faba bean cultivars (‘Karmazyn’ and ‘Bartek’) and five pea cultivars (‘Retrija’, ‘Zaiga’, ‘Lāsma’, ‘Vitra’ and ‘Bartek’) were tested using various rhizobia strains. In addition, strain effectivity was observed in four different soil types. Overall, the protein content increase was observed after seed inoculation with Rhizobium sp. Rhizobia strain and plant cultivar interaction specification was observed. Plant cultivar appeared to have a decisive role in the formation of protein content when inoculated with Rhizobium sp. From these pilot experiments, it can be concluded that, when choosing Rhizobium sp. strains for legume inoculation, soil type also should be considered. Rhizobia has the potential to be used as a commercial preparation intended for increasing legume protein content, alongside with increased legume yield; however, different rhizobia strains should be mixed together to achieve the optimal result.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"2 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plua-2017-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Correctness Problems in Applying Inductive Statistics in Economics and Agriculture 归纳统计学在经济和农业中应用的正确性问题

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0003

A. Jaunzems, I. Balode

{"title":"The Correctness Problems in Applying Inductive Statistics in Economics and Agriculture","authors":"A. Jaunzems, I. Balode","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the article “Professor Tinbergen’s Method” (Keynes J. M. Professor Tinbergen’s Method. − The Economic Journal. 1939. Vol. 49. No. 195) John Maynard Keynes expressed critical notes concerning insufficient scientific level of the Jan Tinbergen’s results obtained with the help of econometric methods. The conclusion of present research is that the critical appraisal of econometric applying given by John Maynard Keynes in 1939 can be completely assigned to many published in Latvia research in economics and business done by inductive statistics because scientists carelessly apply the linear regression model in absence of the knowledge a priori required by proper theorems and algorithms. Moreover, many times there is no sense even to speak about stochastic experiment because the most important condition − ceteris paribus does not fulfil, namely, economic environment is not homogeneous enough. As the result, the causal inferences derived from Regression Report are not scientifically justified. The second conclusion is that the objective criticism in econometrics applications area in order to keep the satisfactory level of scientific correctness and scientific ethics in Latvia has to be established. We also assert that the applications of inductive econometrics in agriculture are much more justified due to possibility to repeat the stochastic experiments many times in constant circumstances like in physics and mechanics. The meta-target of present article is to remind the protests of John Maynard Keynes to the careless utilization of econometric theorems and to raise a wide discussion about the problems of correctness in applying inductive statistics in economics and agriculture in Latvia.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"20 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Comparative Efficiency Analysis of EU Members Agriculture Sectors 欧盟成员国农业部门比较效率分析

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/plua-2017-0002

E. Laurinavičius, D. Rimkuviene

{"title":"The Comparative Efficiency Analysis of EU Members Agriculture Sectors","authors":"E. Laurinavičius, D. Rimkuviene","doi":"10.1515/plua-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plua-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Production economics forms a very important part of an enormous range of economic theory. Agricultural production is no exception. When evaluating the competitiveness of the multifunctional agriculture, it is necessary to use the measure of efficiency instead of productivity. The conception of the efficiency is explained and the methods for measurement are provided. The authors discuss the methods of Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), Free Disposal Hull (FDH) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that are particularly useful for multi-criterial evaluation of multifunctional processes. Those methods assign an efficiency score to each Decision Making Unit (DMU) based on how well it transforms a given set of inputs into outputs. Most studies have only focused on application of DEA method for assesment of the efficiency of agriculture farms. There is still a need on applications for sectors. This paper provides an examination of the applicability of DEA method to agriculture sectors efficiency measurement. By applying mathematical models, which are based on the DEA, the efficiency of agriculture in each EU country was evaluated.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"10 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plua-2017-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44818807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Rural Sustainability: A Complex Systems Approach to Policy Analysis 农村可持续发展:政策分析的复杂系统方法

Rural Sustainability Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52685-0

Qing Tian

引用次数: 20