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International journal of sport biomechanics最新文献

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Speed Skating the Curves: A Study of Muscle Coordination and Power Production 曲线速滑:肌肉协调和力量产生的研究
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.4.344
J. J. Koning, G. Groot, G. V. I. Schenau
{"title":"Speed Skating the Curves: A Study of Muscle Coordination and Power Production","authors":"J. J. Koning, G. Groot, G. V. I. Schenau","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.4.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.4.344","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to describe the intermuscular coordination and power production for the constrained asymmetrical movement during skating the curves. Seven elite male speed skaters took part in the experiments. The speed skaters were simultaneously filmed from frontal and sagittal views. EMGs were obtained telemetrically and push-off force was registered with special skates. Inverse dynamic analysis yielded power production data, which differed for left and right leg. Marked differences were also found in intermuscular coordination of each leg. The activation patterns of the muscles were influenced by the asymmetrical nature and the typical body position during the speed skating movement. External power output was determined by three methods. The mean joint power output for left and right leg showed similar values as the external power output calculated from air and ice friction. These values were lower than the values predicted with a geometrical model for skating the curves.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115683836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Comparison of Blocking and Postflight Techniques of Male Gymnasts Performing the 1988 Olympic Compulsory Vault 1988年奥运会男子跳马拦网与腾空后技术比较
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.4.371
Y. Takei
{"title":"Comparison of Blocking and Postflight Techniques of Male Gymnasts Performing the 1988 Olympic Compulsory Vault","authors":"Y. Takei","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.4.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.4.371","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the techniques used by elite male gymnasts in performing blocking or pushoff against the horse and postflight in the handspring and salto forward tucked vault. Forty-one American gymnasts were compared with 51 Olympic gymnasts on the mechanical factors governing the blocking and body control for salto forward and kickout in postflight. A 16-mm high-speed camera recorded the performance of the gymnasts during the 1986 USA Gymnastics Championships and the 1988 Olympic Games. The results indicated that Olympic gymnasts assumed the tightest tuck position significantly nearer the peak of the parabolic path of CG and thus achieved significantly greater height of CG at the tightest tuck position during the somersault than did the U.S. gymnasts. The superiority of body control by the former after the tightest tuck to landing was evidenced by significantly longer time, larger horizontal and angular distances, greater average moment of inertia, and smaller angular velocity.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122528941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Functional Asymmetries and Lateral Dominance in the Lower Limbs of Distance Runners 长跑运动员下肢的功能不对称和侧向优势
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.4.311
G. Vagenas, B. Hoshizaki
{"title":"Functional Asymmetries and Lateral Dominance in the Lower Limbs of Distance Runners","authors":"G. Vagenas, B. Hoshizaki","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.4.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.4.311","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the phenomenon of lower extremity functional asymmetries in a group of competitive male distance runners (N = 29). Bilateral measurements were taken to assess selected variables of the talocalcaneal flexibility (goniometry) and of the isokinetic knee strength (Cybex II). Data analysis revealed significant asymmetries for both lower extremity functional parameters. The subjects were symmetric in the total range of motion of the subtalar joint and inversely asymmetric in the range of motion of calcaneal eversion and calcaneal inversion. The laterality patterns of functional asymmetries were found to be consistent and independent of the conventional upper and lower extremity lateral preferences. It was theorized that asymmetries in the lower extremities are characterized by joint-specific trends of bilateralism.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127548759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Mechanics and Biomechanics of Rowing: A Review 划船运动的力学与生物力学综述
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.3.229
V. Zatsiorsky, N. Yakunin
{"title":"Mechanics and Biomechanics of Rowing: A Review","authors":"V. Zatsiorsky, N. Yakunin","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.3.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.3.229","url":null,"abstract":"Despite relatively numerous studies, the biomechanics of rowing remains poorly understood. Much of the data is contradictory and, worse still, there appears to be a lack of consensus on the mechanical background of rowing, which leads to different approaches to the measurement of a number of parameters known by the same terms. This makes direct comparison impossible. For this reason, the present review divides the discussion of relevant biomechanical problems into two stages. The first stage involves the construction of mechanical models of the rowing element under consideration, compilation of equations, and determination of parameters used in these equations. In the second stage, experimentally obtained empirical data on these parameters are discussed.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123757216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 70
Bone Mass, External Loads, and Stress Fracture in Female Runners 女性跑步者的骨量、外负荷和应力性骨折
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.3.293
S. Grimston, J. Engsberg, R. Kloiber, D. Hanley
{"title":"Bone Mass, External Loads, and Stress Fracture in Female Runners","authors":"S. Grimston, J. Engsberg, R. Kloiber, D. Hanley","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.3.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.3.293","url":null,"abstract":"Increased incidence of stress fracture has been reported for amenorrheic runners, while some studies have reported decreased spinal bone mass in amenorrheic runners. Based on results from these studies, one tends to associate decreased spinal bone mass with an increased risk of stress fracture. The present study compared regional bone mass and external loads during running between six female runners reporting a history of stress fracture (seven tibial and three femoral neck) and eight female runners with no history of stress fracture. Dual photon absorptiometry measures indicated significantly greater spinal (L2-L4) and femoral neck bone mineral density in stress fracture subjects (p<0.05) but no differences between groups for tibial bone density. Normalized forces recorded from Kistler force plates indicated significantly greater vertical propulsive, maximal medial, lateral, and posterior forces for stress fracture subjects during running (p<0.05).","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115985097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 132
Andrzej J. Komor: A Remembrance 安德烈·j·科莫:《回忆
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.3.V
M. Hubbard
{"title":"Andrzej J. Komor: A Remembrance","authors":"M. Hubbard","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.3.V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.3.V","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116341614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forces on the Hand in the Tennis One-Handed Backhand 网球单手反手的力量
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.3.282
D. Knudson
{"title":"Forces on the Hand in the Tennis One-Handed Backhand","authors":"D. Knudson","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.3.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.3.282","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the pattern of forces and peak loads on the hands of six advanced and six intermediate level male tennis players as they performed one-handed backhand drives. Two miniature load cells were mounted on a midsized graphite racket. The force on the thenar and hypothenar eminences of the hand were sampled at 1000 Hz. Forces on the thenar eminence in preparation for impact were significantly larger and less variable for the advanced subjects. Postimpact peak forces did not differ across skill level and were smaller than the loads reported for forehand drives. The significantly lower thenar forces the intermediate subjects used in preparation for impact may provide less resistance to the acceleration of the racket created by ball impact. A large impact acceleration may be related to a rapid stretch of the wrist extensors, which has been hypothesized to be the cause of tennis elbow.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129363720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Relationships between Ground Reaction Force and Tibial Bone Acceleration Parameters 地面反作用力与胫骨加速度参数的关系
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.3.303
E. Hennig, M. Lafortune
{"title":"Relationships between Ground Reaction Force and Tibial Bone Acceleration Parameters","authors":"E. Hennig, M. Lafortune","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.3.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.3.303","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from six male subjects, this study compared ground reaction force and tibial acceleration parameters for running. A bone-mounted triaxial accelerometer and a force platform were employed for data collection. Low peak values were found for the axial acceleration, and a time shift toward the occurrence of the first peak in the vertical force data was present. The time to peak axial acceleration differed significantly from the time to the first force peak, and the peak values of force and acceleration demonstrated only a moderate correlation. However, a high negative correlation was found for the comparison of the peak axial acceleration with the time to peak vertical force. Employing a multiple regression analysis, the peak tibial acceleration could be well estimated using vertical force loading rate and peak horizontal ground reaction force as predictors.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116572920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 121
Body Segment and Release Parameter Contributions to New-Rules Javelin Throwing 标枪投掷新规则的体段和释放参数贡献
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.7.2.111
W. Whiting, R. Gregor, M. Halushka
{"title":"Body Segment and Release Parameter Contributions to New-Rules Javelin Throwing","authors":"W. Whiting, R. Gregor, M. Halushka","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.7.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.7.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Eight male javelin throwers were filmed while throwing new-rules javelins during competition at five meets over a 2-year period. Body segment kinematics and javelin release parameters were assessed relative to their contribution to throwing performance. The data suggest that successful throws, as judged by distance thrown, are characterized by higher release speeds, longer last-step lengths, less flexion of the front-leg knee during the final plant phase, and an orderly progression of peak speeds at the hip, shoulder, and elbow from the onset of double leg support until release. Individual variability in performance was associated with differences measured between several throwing variables. Limitations inherent to two-dimensional analysis were identified that highlighted the need for three-dimensional investigation of the javelin throw.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124807518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
An Alpine Ski Binding with Electrically Modulated Twist Release 一种带有电调制扭转释放的高山滑雪捆绑
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1991-05-01 DOI: 10.1520/STP25571S
Kevin Eseltine, M. Hull
{"title":"An Alpine Ski Binding with Electrically Modulated Twist Release","authors":"Kevin Eseltine, M. Hull","doi":"10.1520/STP25571S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/STP25571S","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the design of a new binding for Alpine skiing wherein the release level of the toepiece in twist is modulated based on the level of neural stimulation of one of the vastii muscles in the quadriceps group. A conventional binding toepiece that relies on the force of a compressed spring to resist the release of the boot was modified. To modulate the release level to either a high or a low state, a special solenoid activated mechanism that alters the binding spring constant was designed. The design details of this special mechanism are described and the computations necessary to ensure reliable activation with a low force solenoid are summarized. Also described is the special circuitry that was designed to actuate the solenoid. To demonstrate the workability of both the mechanism and the circuitry, a prototype binding system was constructed and tested. The results of this testing are described as well.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122472266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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