Arnaldoa最新文献

{"title":"Composición química y efecto del aceite esencial de las hojas de Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) en los niveles de estrés académico de estudiantes universitarios","authors":"Marilú Roxana Soto Vásquez, Paúl Alan Arkin Alvarado García, Luis Enrique Rosales Cerquín, Roger Antonio Rengifo Penadillos, William Antonio Sagastegui Guarniz","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26119","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La presente investigacion tuvo como objetivo determinar la composicion quimica del aceite esencial de las hojas de Lippia alba (Asteraceae) y evaluar su efecto sobre los niveles de estres academico de estudiantes universitarios. Las hojas fueron colectadas del Jardin Botanico Rosa Elena de los Rios Martinez y fueron sometidas a hidrodestilacion para la extraccion del aceite esencial, y la composicion quimica fue realizada por cromatografia de gases con detector de llama ionizante (GC-FID) y cromatografia de gases acoplada a espectrometria de masas (GC-MS). Para determinar el efecto del aceite esencial en los niveles de estres academico, se llevo a cabo un estudio experimental con mediciones pretest y postest, en una muestra de 38 participantes, divididos en un grupo control y un grupo experimental. El analisis quimico mostro que el componente mayoritario del aceite esencial fue carvona (54,1 %). Los niveles de estres academico fueron evaluados mediante el inventario de estres academico (IEA). Los niveles de estres mostraron una reduccion en la fase postest del grupo experimental, con diferencias estadisticamente significativas (p < 0.05). La puntuacion D de Cohen fue 0,92 y el porcentaje de cambio mostro una reduccion de estres academico de 12,96 %. Palabras clave: aceite esencial, Lippia alba , estres academico. Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Lippia alba (Asteraceae) and to evaluate its effect on the academic stress levels of university students. The leaves were collected from the Rosa Elena de los Rios Martinez Botanical Garden and were subjected to hydrodistillation for the extraction of the essential oil, and the chemical composition was carried out by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To determine the effect of the essential oil on the levels of academic stress, an experimental study was carried out with pretest and posttest measurements, in a sample of 38 participants, divided into a control group and an experimental group. The levels of academic stress were evaluated through the academic stress inventory (IEA). The chemical analysis showed that carvone was the main component (54.1 %). Stress levels showed a reduction in the posttest phase of the experimental group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Cohen’s D score was 0.92 and the percentage of change showed a 12.96 % reduction in academic stress. Keywords : essential oil, Lippia alba , academic stress.","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48941436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto ansiolítico in vivo del extracto etanólico de Passiflora salpoense S. Leiva & Tantalean (Passifloraceae) en “ratones albinos” Balb/c","authors":"Milagros Joselyn Leiva Salinas, Víctor Raúl Moya Vega, E. M. Delgado, J. C. Oberti","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26120","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La investigacion tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto ansiolitico in vivo del extracto etanolico de Passiflora salpoense S. Leiva & Tantalean (Passifloraceae) en “ratones albinos” Balb/c. Para ello, se trabajo con 20 ratones Balb/c que aleatoriamente fueron distribuidos en 4 grupos administrandoles por via oral (VO) de la siguiente forma: G1: grupo blanco 0,2 ml de solucion salina, G2: grupo diazepam 1 mg/kg, G3: grupo 50 mg/kg de extracto etanolico de P. salpoense y G4: grupo 100 mg/kg de extracto etanolico de P. salpoense . Luego, los ratones fueron inducidos a ansiedad usando el marble burying test o prueba de enterramiento de canicas. Los resultados demostraron que los grupos G3 y G4 disminuyeron de manera significativa el numero de esferas enterradas con una media 9,60 ± 1,82 y 4,20 ± 1,30, respectivamente, a comparacion del grupo control blanco (G1) cuya media fue de 17,20 ± 3,03. Asimismo, los grupos G3 y G4 presentaron una respuesta similar al grupo G2 cuya media fue de 3 ± 0,71. Por lo tanto, se concluyo que las dosis 50 mg/kg y 100 mg/kg del extracto etanolico de P. salpoense disminuyen los niveles de ansiedad de forma significativa (p < 0.05). Palabras clave: Passiflora salpoense , extracto etanolico, ansiedad, marble burying test. Abstract This investigation had as objective to evaluate in vivo the anxiolytic effect of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora salpoense (Passifloraceae) in “albino mice” Balb/c. For this, we worked with 20 Balb/c mice that were randomly distributed in 4 groups for administering them orally in the following way: G1: control group 0.2 ml saline solution, G2: diazepam group 1 mg/kg, G3: group 50 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of P. salpoense , and G4: group 100 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of P. salpoense . Then, the mice were induced to anxiety using the marble burying test. The results showed that the G3 and G4 groups significantly decreased the number of buried spheres with a mean of 9.60 ± 1.82 and 4.20 ± 1.30 respectively, compared to the control group (G1) whose mean was 17.20 ± 3.03. Likewise, the G3 and G4 groups presented a response similar to the G2 group whose mean was 3 ± 0.71. For this reason, it was concluded that the doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora salpoense significantly reduce anxiety levels (p < 0.05). Keywords : Passiflora salpoense , ethanolic extract, anxiety, marble burying test.","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actividad antioxidante in vitro y compuestos fenólicos de las hojas de Beautempsia avicenniifolia (Kunth) Gaudich (Capparaceae)","authors":"V. Torre, César Gamarra Sánchez, Carmen Silva Correa, José Lizardo Cruzado Razco, G. R. Reyes, N. Sánchez, Luis Zevallos Torres, J. M. G. Armas","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26121","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la concentracion de los compuestos fenolicos presentes en las hojas de Beautempsia avicenniifolia (Kunth) Gaudich (Capparaceae) y su capacidad antioxidante, con el proposito de encontrar una nueva alternativa para combatir el estres oxidativo y las enfermedades cronico-degenerativas, problemas de salud de interes actual. Las hojas fueron tomadas del tercio medio de la planta, luego lavadas y secadas a temperatura ambiente y en oscuridad. Se trituraron, tamizaron y los polifenoles fueron extraidos con metanol y secado a rotavapor. El extracto seco se resuspendio en metanol y se cuantificaron los polifenoles totales con el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu por espectrofotometria molecular. Los flavonoides en terminos de quercetina fueron determinados por HPLC y la actividad antioxidante, por espectrofotometria molecular mediante la reduccion del radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). El contenido de compuestos fenolicos fue de 0,0237 ± 0,0002 g%, el de quercetina de 23,8873 mg% y se encontro una capacidad antioxidante lenta, con una IC 50 de 0,3984 ± 0,0286 mg de quercetina. Como conclusion, la concentracion de compuestos fenolicos con capacidad reductiva es medianamente alta, de los cuales una gran concentracion son flavonoides de polaridad media a baja; los flavonoides fueron identificados mediante ensayos IR y demostraron tener una capacidad antioxidante in vitro de cinetica lenta. Palabras clave: Capparaceae, polifenoles, antioxidante, quercetina. Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the concentration of phenolic compounds in leaves of Beautempsia avicenniifolia (Kunth) Gaudich, and its antioxidant capacity, in order to find a new alternative to treat oxidative stress and chronic degenerative diseases, health problems of current interest. The leaves were taken from the middle third of the plant, then washed and dried at ambient temperature and under darkness. They were crushed, sieved and the polyphenols were extracted with methanol and dried on rotary evaporator. The dry extract was resuspended in methanol and the total polyphenols were quantified with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent by molecular spectrophotometry. Flavonoids in terms of quercetin were determined by HPLC and the antioxidant activity by molecular spectrophotometry by the reduction of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The content of phenolic compounds was 0.0237 ± 0.0002 g%, of quercetin was 23.8873 mg% and a slow antioxidant capacity was found, with an IC 50 of 0.3984 ± 0.0286 mg of quercetin. As conclusion, the concentration of phenolic compounds with reducing capacity is moderately high, of this a high concentration are flavonoids of medium to low polarity; the flavonoids were identified by IR assays and demonstrated to have an in vitro antioxidant capacity of slow kinetics. Keywords: Capparaceae, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, quercetin.","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluación fitoquímica preliminar del extracto metanólico y etanólico de las flores de Cordia lutea Lam. (Boraginaceae) y su capacidad antioxidante","authors":"Edmundo Venegas Casanova, Arnold Manuel Gomez Alva, Armando Nicolas Chávez León, J. Campos, Mily Ormeño Llanos, Edison Vásquez Corales","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26117","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigacion fue realizar la evaluacion fitoquimica preliminar del extracto metanolico y etanolico de las flores de Cordia lutea Lam. (Boraginaceae) y su capacidad antioxidante, las cuales fueron obtenidas del distrito y provincia de Otuzco. La obtencion de extractos fue mediante reflujo al 5 %; se identificaron compuestos fenolicos, leucoantocianidinas y flavonoides, principalmente. La capacidad antioxidante fue evaluada por medio de la exposicion de los extractos etanolico y metanolico, obteniendo mayor capacidad antioxidante en el extracto etanolico de 1,75 expresado en mg ac. ascorbico/g muestra seca y IC 50 de 0,329 ug/mL. La cuantificacion de flavonoides principales mediante cromatografia liquida de alta eficacia (HPLC) reporto 60,63 ± 0,34 mg de rutina y 0,558 ± 0.59 mg de quercetina, en g de muestra seca. Palabras clave : Cordia lutea Lam., capacidad antioxidante, cromatografia liquida de alta eficacia. Abstract The objective of this research work was to perform the preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the methanolic and ethanolic extract of the flowers of Cordia lutea Lam. (Boraginaceae) and its antioxidant capacity, which were obtained from the district and province of Otuzco. Extracts were obtained through 5 % reflux; mainly phenolic compounds, leucoanthocyanidins and flavonoids were identified. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by means of the exposure of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts, obtaining greater antioxidant capacity in the ethanolic extract with 1.75 expressed in mg ascorbic ac./g dry sample and IC 50 of 0.329 ug/mL. The quantification of major flavonoids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) reported 60.63 ± 0.34 mg of rutin and 0.558 ± 0.59mg of quercetin, in g of dry sample. Keywords: Cordia lutea Lam., antioxidant capacity, high performance liquid chromatography.","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47610698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto irritante in vitro del gel elaborado con extracto acuoso del mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus (Cactaceae) “pitahaya” por el método HET-CAM","authors":"P. NeumanPineda, G. LuisCervantes, C. HéctorVilchez, B. LauraVillanueva, C. VictorPulido","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26118","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen En el presente estudio, se evaluo in vitro el efecto irritante del gel elaborado con el extracto acuoso del mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus (Cactaceae) “pitahaya”, empleando el metodo de HET-CAM para demostrar seguridad y eficacia de la formulacion. La “pitahaya” fue recolectada en la provincia de Huaral, departamento de Lima, en el sector denominado Virgen de la Esperanza, a una altitud de 190 m s. n. m. El gel fue preparado a base de carbopol, trietanolamina y agua desionizada; su preparacion tuvo lugar en el Laboratorio de Industria Farmaceutica de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmaceuticas y Bioquimica de la Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Para la elaboracion del extracto acuoso, se utilizaron 300 g de mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus “pitahaya” por litro de agua, concentrandose el solvente con ayuda del rotavapor. Las concentraciones de gel preparado con el extracto acuoso fueron del 0.5 % y 1 % y se emplearon NaOH 0.1N y LSS como control positivo. El estudio fitoquimico determino la presencia de alcaloides, saponinas, flavonoides, quinonas, glucosidos, terpenoides y fenoles. Las formulaciones farmaceuticas elaboradas con el gel mantuvieron intacta la membrana corioalantoidea sin provocar efecto irritante; el control a base de hidroxido de sodio y lauril sulfato de sodio (LSS) resulto ser irritante moderado y severo. Segun el metodo de HET-CAM, el indice de irritacion obtenido para todas las formulaciones de extracto acuoso del mesocarpio de Hylocereus megalanthus “pitahaya” permitieron clasificar al producto como no irritante. Se espera utilizar la formulacion en ensayos de fase I. Palabras clave: efecto irritante, extracto de “pitahaya”, gel, mesocarpio, membrana corioalantoidea. Abstract In this study, we evaluated in vitro the irritant effect of the gel made with aqueous extract of mesocarp of Hylocereus megalanthus (Cactaceae) “pitahaya” using the HET-CAM method to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the formulation. The pitahaya fruits were collected in the province of Huaral, department of Lima, in the area called Virgen de la Esperanza, at an altitude of 190 meters above sea level. The gel was prepared based on carbopol, triethanolamine and deionized water; its preparation took place in the Pharmaceutical Industry Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biochemistry of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University. For the elaboration of the aqueous extract, we used 300 g of mesocarp of Hylocereus megalanthus “pitahaya” per liter of water, concentrating the solvent with the help of a rotavap. The gel concentrations prepared with the aqueous extract were 0.5 % and 1 %, and NaOH 0.1N and SLS were used as a positive control. The phytochemical study determined the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, quinones, glycosides, terpenoids and phenols. The pharmaceutical formulations made with the gel kept the chorioallantoic membrane intact without causing an irritant effect; the control based on sodiu","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valoración ecológica y económica del Parque Universitario Francisco Vivar Castro, Loja, Ecuador","authors":"Nathalie Aguirre Padilla, Telmo Gaona Ochoa, Carlos Samaniego Rojas","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26114","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La investigacion se realizo en el Parque Universitario Francisco Vivar Castro (PUFVC), propiedad de la Universidad Nacional de Loja, ubicado en el canton y provincia de Loja; con el objetivo de valorar ecologica y economicamente sus bienes y servicios ambientales. Para la valoracion ecologica, se consideraron: caudales, espesor de hojarasca, diversidad floristica y faunistica, propiedades fisicas y quimicas del suelo, funciones ecologicas asignando una calificacion de excelente, bueno y malo considerando el estado actual y atributos de cada funcion. Para la valoracion economica total, se considero el valor de uso directo, usando el precio en el mercado de madera, semillas, plantas ornamentales y medicinales; y los valores de uso indirecto, opcion y existencia, mediante la valoracion contingente aplicando 100 encuestas a visitantes los fines de semana. La valoracion ecologica indica que el caudal para Leon Huayco es 5,14 l/s y Los Nogales 2,16 l/s; el espesor de hojarasca de 9,1 cm; la diversidad floristica de 137 especies; 80 especies de aves, 9 especies de mamiferos y 5 de reptiles; el suelo es franco arcilloso, pH extremadamente acido, materia organica varia de media a alta, nitrogeno es mediano, fosforo y potasio bajos. Se identificaron ocho funciones ecologicas. La valoracion economica total es de $ 641 259,50; y los aportes son: valor directo $ 626 359,5, valor indirecto $ 700, valor de opcion $ 1720 y valor de existencia $ 12 480. La valoracion ecologica-economica permitio tener una vision integral sobre el valor e importancia de los recursos naturales y genero argumentos que sustentan el manejo del Parque Universitario Francisco Vivar Castro. Palabras claves: valoracion economica, valoracion ecologica, valor de uso directo, valor uso indirecto, valor de existencia, valor de opcion. Abstract The research was conducted in the Francisco Vivar Castro University Park (PUFVC), owned by the National University of Loja, located in the canton and province of Loja; with the objective of valuing their environmental goods and services ecologically and economically. For ecological assessment, we considered: flow, leaf litter thickness, floristic and faunal diversity, physical and chemical properties of the soil, ecological functions assigning an excellent, good and bad rating considering the current status and attributes of each function. For the total economic assessment, the value of direct use was considered, using the market price of wood, seeds, ornamental and medicinal plants; and the values of indirect use, option and existence, through the contingent valuation by applying 100 surveys to visitors on weekends. The ecological assessment indicates that flow for Leon Huayco is 5.14 l/s and Los Nogales 2.16 l/s; the leaf litter thickness is 9.1 cm; the floristic diversity with 137 species; 80 species of birds, 9 species of mammals and 5 of reptiles; the soil is clayey loam, extremely acid pH, organic matter varies from medium to high, nitroge","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46162682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creencias y costumbres de madres y parteras para la atención del embarazo, parto y puerperio en el distrito de Huancas (Chachapoyas, Perú)","authors":"Carla María Ordinola Ramírez, Miguel Ángel Barrena Gurbillón, Oscar Andrés Gamarra Torres, Jesús Rascón, Fernando Corroto, Luis Alberto Taramona Ruiz, F. Coico","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26115","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigacion fue describir las creencias y costumbres de madres y parteras para la atencion del embarazo, parto y puerperio en el distrito de Huancas (provincia de Chachapoyas, Peru). Se empleo el metodo cualitativo, con muestreo en cadena. Como instrumento se uso la entrevista en profundidad aplicada a 24 madres y 6 parteras, de manera individual y en grupos focales, entre junio y octubre del 2014. La informacion brindada por las entrevistadas fue transcrita segun su expresion oral para agruparla en cuatro categorias: (i) senales y peligros durante el embarazo, (ii) cuidados durante el embarazo y parto, (iii) dificultades del parto, y (iv) cuidados durante el puerperio. De las entrevistas y grupos focales, se evidencia que las madres y parteras reconocen senales de peligro durante el embarazo, como dolor de cadera y vientre, sangrado vaginal e hinchamiento. Entre los cuidados durante el embarazo, indican una alimentacion adecuada, el uso de vestimenta holgada. Si tienen problemas que no puede solucionar la partera, recurren al puesto de salud, y ven el embarazo como algo natural que no impide sus actividades diarias a las que estan acostumbradas. El parto, generalmente, es atendido por la partera aplicando las costumbres y creencias de la zona, que incluye la posicion de la gestante para el parto, el empleo de plantas medicinales y el apoyo de familiares cercanos. Los cuidados para la recuperacion de la madre y el cuidado del recien nacido estan a cargo de los propios familiares. Las concepciones y percepciones del embarazo, parto y puerperio en la localidad de Huancas son respetadas por sus pobladores, repercutiendo esto en la salud materno-infantil. Palabras clave: embarazo, parto, puerperio, interculturalidad, Huancas. Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to describe the beliefs and customs of mothers and midwives for the care of pregnancy, delivery and puerperium in the district of Huancas (province of Chachapoyas, Peru). The qualitative method was used, with chain sampling. As instrument, the in-depth interview was applied to 24 mothers and 6 midwives, individually and in focus groups, between June and October 2014. The information provided by the interviewers was transcribed according to their oral expression to be grouped into four categories: (i) signals and dangers during pregnancy, (ii) care during pregnancy and childbirth, (iii) difficulties in childbirth, and (iv) care during the puerperium. From interviews and focus groups, it is evident that mothers and midwives recognize signals of danger during pregnancy, such as hip and belly pain, vaginal bleeding and swelling. Among the cares during pregnancy, they indicate an adequate diet, the use of loose clothing. If they have problems that the midwife cannot solve, they recur to the medical center, and they see pregnancy as something natural that does not impede their daily activities to which they are accustomed. The delivery, generally, i","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45849236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducción in vitro de callo embriogénico a partir del cultivo de anteras en “papa amarilla” Solanum goniocalyx Juz. & Bukasov (Solanaceae)","authors":"Angel David Hernández Amasifuen, Hermila Belba Díaz Pillasca","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26111","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Solanum goniocalyx Juz. & Bukasov (Solanacea), comunmente llamada “papa amarilla”, presenta muchas variedades comerciales como amarilla, Tumbay y peruanita, y tiene una distribucion geografica amplia tan vasta como la papa comun. Se propaga vegetativamente a traves de tuberculos como semilla, lo cual proporciona ventajas manteniendo caracteristicas de una determinada variedad, pero tambien existen desventajas como la transferencia de enfermedades y no poseer, en el mayor de los casos, buenas condiciones geneticas. Estos problemas han hecho necesaria la busqueda de alternativas de propagacion y han permitido la aplicacion de nuevos metodos como el cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales. Dentro de las tecnicas de cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales que se han desarrollado en papa, se tiene a los cultivos a partir de meristemos, brotes axilares, embriogenesis somatica, etc. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigacion fue inducir a la formacion de callo embriogenico in vitro a partir del cultivo de anteras en “papa amarilla”, en el cual se utilizaron cinco tratamientos de medio de cultivo MS, a los cuales se les adiciono citoquininas (zeatina) y auxinas (2,4-D y AIA) en diferentes concentraciones. Se analizo el porcentaje de contaminacion, oxidacion y de formacion de callos embriogenicos. Se determino que el metodo de desinfeccion permite tener 100 % libre de contaminacion, ademas de que las anteras son muy propensas a la oxidacion y que el tratamiento D permitio obtener mas formacion de callos embriogenicos, ademas de que estos presentaron un mayor tamano en comparacion a los demas tratamientos. Palabras claves : Solanum goniocalix Juz. & Bukasov, callo embriogenico , in vitro , anteras, Solanaceae. Abstract Solanum goniocalyx Juz. & Bukasov (Solanaceae), called “yellow potato”, presents many commercial varieties such as amarilla, Tumbay and peruanita; and it has a wide geographic distribution like the common potato. It propagates vegetatively through tubers as seed, which provides advantages maintaining characteristics of a certain variety, but there are also disadvantages like the transfer of diseases and not to have, in most cases, good genetic conditions. These problems have made it necessary to search for propagation alternatives and and have allowed the application of new methods such as in vitro culture of plant tissues. Among the techniques of in vitro culture of tissues that have been developed in potato, we have cultures from meristems, axillary shoots, somatic embryogenesis, etc. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to induce the formation of embryogenic callus in vitro from anther culture in “yellow potato”, in which five treatments of MS culture medium were used, to which were added cytokinins (zeatin) and auxins (2.4-D and AIA) in different concentrations. The percentage of contamination, oxidation and formation of embryogenic calluses was analyzed. It was determined that the disinfection method allows","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41627715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversidad de flora, fauna y disponibilidad hídrica en el centro poblado Caray, distrito y provincia Virú, Perú","authors":"Segundo. Leiva González, E. Rodríguez, Luis Pollack Velásquez, J. Rosario, Guillermo Gayoso Bazán, Luis Chang Chávez, A. G. Padilla","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26110","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen En la presente investigacion, se determino la diversidad de flora, vertebrados y la disponibilidad hidrica del centro poblado Caray, distrito y provincia Viru, La Libertad, Peru. Los registros se realizaron entre 800 y 1500 m, durante siete visitas entre los meses de enero y marzo de 2019. En diez transectos de 25 x 100 m, se recolectaron las especies de flora y se registro fauna respectivamente. Se registraron 104 especies de plantas pertenecientes a 39 familias y 88 generos. De las cuales 14 especies son endemicas, destacan Browallia mionei [en peligro critico (CR)], Lomanthus truxillensis ,  Lepidium pubescens , Austrocylindropuntia pachypus y Haageocereus pseudoversicolor [en peligro (EN)],  Heliotropium ferreyrae , Espostoa melanostele, Apodanthera ferreyrana y Dioscorea chancayensis [casi amenazada (NT)], y las especies endemicas restantes estan ubicadas en la categoria preocupacion menor (LC). Asimismo, se registraron 54 especies de vertebrados: 2 anfibios, 7 reptiles, 44 aves y 1 mamifero. Microlophus koepckeorum es endemica de Peru. En referencia al recurso hidrico, las muestras fueron colectadas en las diferentes estaciones para la determinacion de la calidad de agua, de uso agricola y de consumo humano, tomadas en puquios y en las cataratas de Condornada. En relacion a la calidad de agua, la zona de estudio tiene caracteristicas ideales para la preservacion de recursos naturales por presentar el recurso hidrico disponible durante todo el ano, y preliminarmente se puede afirmar que tiene pH proximo a neutro, puquios de agua exentos de contaminacion; los volumenes de agua y la velocidad de flujo, asi como su pendiente fuerte son condiciones ideales para la autopurificacion de las aguas y conservar el oxigeno disuelto dentro de los valores normales para consumo humano, agricola, recreacion y conservacion de la flora y fauna. Palabras clave : flora, vertebrados, especies endemicas, disponibilidad hidrica, Caray. Abstract In this investigation, we determined the diversity of archaeology, flora, vertebrates and the water availability of the village of Caray, district and province of Viru, region of La Libertad, Peru. The records were registered between 800 and 1500 m of altitude, during seven visits between January and March 2019. In ten transects of 25 x 10 m, we collected flora species and registered fauna respectively. There were 104 species of plants belonging to 39 families and 88 genera. Fourteen endemic species were registered, among them Browallia mionei [critically endangered (CR)], Lomanthus truxillensis , Lepidium pubescens , Austrocylindropuntia pachypus and Haageocereus pseudoversicolor [endangered (EN)], Heliotropium ferreyrae, Espostoa melanostele, Apodanthera ferreyrana and Dioscorea chancayensis [near threatened (NT)], and the remaining endemic species are located in the least concern (LC) category. Likewise, 54 species of vertebrates were registered: 2 amphibians, 7 reptiles, 44 birds and 1 mammal. Microlophus koepc","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47323178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efeito do déficit hídrico e do aumento de temperatura sobre variáveis produtivas fisiológicas e bioquímicas do “cacau” Theobroma cacao L.","authors":"Ricardo Borjas Ventura, Vanessa Mendoza Soto, Alberto Julca Otiniano, Priscila Lupino Gratão","doi":"10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22497/ARNALDOA.261.26112","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo Tanto a seca quanto o aumento de temperatura serao incrementados pelas mudancas climaticas. Muitos cultivos serao afetados por esta drastica mudanca no clima, entre eles esta a cultura do “cacau” Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae). Tanto o deficit hidrico quanto o aumento de temperatura podem ocasionar danos fisiologicos e bioquimicos, que diminuem a produtividade desta especie. Alem disso, escassos trabalhos refletem o efeito destes estresses abioticos sobre o cacau. Portanto, torna-se necessario explorar o material genetico que possa ser usado em condicoes de mudanca climatica. Neste sentido, esta revisao procura relacionar os trabalhos existentes e tracar estrategias sobre a importância desta cultura nos estudos que envolvam mudancas climaticas. Palavras chaves: especies reativas de oxigenio, seca, aquecimento global. Abstract Drought and temperature will be increased by climatic change. Many crops will be affected, for example, “cacao” Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae). Both water stress and temperature increase can cause physiological and biochemical damages, which diminish the productivity of this species. Moreover, there are few studies about the effect of these abiotic stresses on cacao. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the genetic material that can be used in conditions of climate change. In this sense, this review tries to relate the existing works and to draw strategies on the importance of this crop in the studies that involve climate change. Key words: reactive oxygen species, drought, global warming.","PeriodicalId":30853,"journal":{"name":"Arnaldoa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47961677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}