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Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review最新文献

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Interventional Radiology Procedures 介入放射学程序
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0124
R. Oklu
{"title":"Interventional Radiology Procedures","authors":"R. Oklu","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0124","url":null,"abstract":"Most patients in an intensive care unit are critically ill, hemodynamically unstable, and have multiple comorbidities. Interventional radiology procedures can offer therapeutic options for these patients and avoid the risks associated with invasive surgery and general anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114162190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 急性消化道出血
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0039
P. M. Franco, Philip E. Lowman
{"title":"Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage","authors":"P. M. Franco, Philip E. Lowman","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) is a common medical problem that is associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. The initial approach when GIH is suspected depends on a patient’s clinical stability, which will vary depending on the amount and speed of blood loss. Therefore, if time allows, the initial evaluation should include history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and, possibly, nasogastric tube placement.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130873161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pulmonary Malignancy 肺恶性肿瘤
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0024
A. Zaied, Margaret M. Johnson
{"title":"Pulmonary Malignancy","authors":"A. Zaied, Margaret M. Johnson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Although the number of new lung cancer cases has decreased, most are diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to the asymptomatic nature of the disease. Furthermore, patients may need intensive care admission for paraneoplastic syndromes such as hypercalcemia, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), Cushing syndrome, and superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Pulmonary infections must be considered in the differential diagnosis of chemotherapy-related lung toxicity.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133257296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electroencephalography 脑电描记法
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0130
Amy Z. Crepeau
{"title":"Electroencephalography","authors":"Amy Z. Crepeau","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalography (EEG) in critically ill patients allows for monitoring of cerebral function when a clinical examination is limited because of altered mental status or coma. Continuous EEG (cEEG) has increasingly been used to monitor critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Implementation of cEEG in the ICU presents a unique set of challenges, requiring special expertise and a multidisciplinary approach.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116309386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transesophageal Echocardiography 多角度
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0113
Ryan C. Craner, F. Mookadam, H. Ramakrishna
{"title":"Transesophageal Echocardiography","authors":"Ryan C. Craner, F. Mookadam, H. Ramakrishna","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0113","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ultrasound has revolutionized care in the intensive care unit (ICU). The use of critical care echocardiography, including transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), has become commonplace in ICUs worldwide. In North America, however, intensivists rarely perform transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) unless they have anesthesiology training or have received specialized training to be competent in TEE. In many centers, neurology critical care is provided within the general ICU, and many tertiary-care centers have a dedicated ICU for specialized cases that require advanced and intensive neurologic care.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122175248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrocardiographic Monitoring 心电图描记的监控
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0119
Pragnesh P. Parikh, K. Venkatachalam
{"title":"Electrocardiographic Monitoring","authors":"Pragnesh P. Parikh, K. Venkatachalam","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0119","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is almost universal in patients in intensive care units, and 12-lead ECG is a frequently performed investigation. Both have the ability to detect many cardiac disturbances and the cardiac consequences of other conditions. Understanding the acquisition of the tracing, having a systematic approach to interpretation, and having the ability to differentiate concerning findings from nonconcerning ones and from artifacts are key skills for the intensivist.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130919966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drug Dosing in Renal Failure 肾衰竭的药物剂量
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0047
D. Jackson
{"title":"Drug Dosing in Renal Failure","authors":"D. Jackson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal dosing of medications can be influenced by many factors. These factors are important to consider because the therapeutic effects of drugs are frequently concentration dependent and can even result in toxicity. One factor of great importance is the pharmacokinetics of a medication. Pharmacokinetics is the way in which medications move through the body during absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. This chapter focuses on the excretion of medications as it relates to renal function.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"149 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113980497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0019
Richard K. Patch, J. Findlay
{"title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","authors":"Richard K. Patch, J. Findlay","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Patients with ARDS have pulmonary damage from an acute, usually severe, diffuse inflammatory lung injury that leads to increased vascular permeability and loss of aerated tissue. Mortality from ARDS is estimated to range from 26% to 58%, and in-hospital mortality is high (46.1%) for those with severe ARDS. Survivors have extensive morbidity, including neurocognitive dysfunction, physical disabilities, and psychiatric illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Lung function may be compromised for as long as 5 years.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133251731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome 后部可逆性脑病综合征
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0099
Sudhir Datar, J. Fugate
{"title":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome","authors":"Sudhir Datar, J. Fugate","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), previously known as hypertensive encephalopathy, is a clinicoradiologic entity manifesting as acute onset of headache, encephalopathy, seizures, and vision abnormalities. The characteristic clinical features and predominantly posterior cerebral edema were first described by Hinchey and colleagues in 1996. Since then, many conditions have been associated with PRES.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130032836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinus Thrombosis 脑静脉及硬脑膜窦血栓形成
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0085
S. Hocker
{"title":"Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinus Thrombosis","authors":"S. Hocker","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0085","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis (CVDST) is a rare cause of stroke that accounts for only 0.5% to 1% of all strokes. Diagnosis is challenging because of the diverse spectrum of clinical presentations. Onset is usually acute or subacute, but symptoms may be subtle, and neurologic examination findings may be normal. When a stroke occurs, it is often a hemorrhagic infarct. Therefore, to make a timely diagnosis, a high degree of awareness is required when at-risk patients present with neurologic symptoms or signs.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132819350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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