{"title":"Emerging Remote Sensing Methods in Underwater Archaeology","authors":"T. D. Smet","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"As a critical first step in underwater research, the authors stress the importance of using geophysics for detecting, locating, and determining the extent of archaeological deposits. Magnetometry, multibeam depth sounding, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiling, airborne bathymetric LiDAR (ABL), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) are discussed. The hydrographic GPR case study of stratigraphy and bathymetry took place at the Ryan-Harley site. The ABL case study took place at the Lake George Point Site.","PeriodicalId":307368,"journal":{"name":"New Directions in the Search for the First Floridians","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131978210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hunting an Underwater Mammoth","authors":"J. Dunbar","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Following on the rich preceding chapter, Smith revisits the Guest Mammoth site (8MR130). In 1973, Dr. Charles Hoffman planned and executed a comprehensive and precise underwater investigation at the Guest Mammoth site, uncovering the remains of three juvenile Columbian Mammoths in direct association with six flakes, a small projectile point and micro-debitage. As Smith details, because of the then-archaeological establishment’s stance regarding the Paleoindian period and, more specifically, that period in the American Southeast, Hoffman’s results were never accepted by the scientific community. This chapter tells the story of the origination of translating geologic and archaeological techniques to underwater First Americans sites. Following a thorough reprise of Hoffman’s work, Smith details his own encounter with the Guest Mammoth site, in 2014, which entailed a year’s frustrating effort before their relocation to the 1973 excavation block. In 2015 and 2017, Smith returned to the site. He conducted his first side-scan sonar survey in 2015. In 2017, he excavated again, finding six mammoth bones associated with lithics that he included in a possible Clovis or Clovis-like point.","PeriodicalId":307368,"journal":{"name":"New Directions in the Search for the First Floridians","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130757123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paleoindian Archaeology in Florida in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries","authors":"J. Dunbar","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Thulman’s chapter opens this volume and reviews the status of not only Paleoindian but also subsequent temporal Archaeologies in Florida. Because the scholarship in this area is so large, it cannot be reviewed in detail. However, Thulman does provide the reader with a synopsis and a guide to the larger body of scholarship. What this chapter provides instead is a well-deserved focus on the role of water or hydrology writ large (rivers, springs, and drowned coastal plain drainages) and Florida’s early inhabitants. Without the preservation potential of inundated sites, the large number of preserved organic remains would not have been recovered. No other U.S. state has the close relationship of hydrology and the preservation of ancient sites that Florida has. Such finds provide insights into paleolithic cultures that would have otherwise been simply impossible because of the lack of tangible evidence.","PeriodicalId":307368,"journal":{"name":"New Directions in the Search for the First Floridians","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134503237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geoarchaeology Underwater and Its Challenges","authors":"E. Garrison","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400738.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines, in detail, the Geoarchaeological methods for both predicting and interpreting sites subjected to anthropogenic activities and taphonomic processes specific to inundated contexts. Garrison and Hale show that sediment particle-size, grain-size, and point-count studies coupled with debitage/micro-debitage analyses isolate middens deposits from those of natural origin. Chemical, faunal (primarily vertebrate), and floral proxies for anthropogenic activities were lacking, but they related the nature on inundated sites in a marine environment. The authors discuss how sea-level rise is coupled with these factors.","PeriodicalId":307368,"journal":{"name":"New Directions in the Search for the First Floridians","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127441857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}