{"title":"UNDERSTANDING CONTRACT FARMING: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY","authors":"Dr Suresha K. P","doi":"10.36713/epra16953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16953","url":null,"abstract":"The organizing agricultural production, contract farming has been in existence for decades and in recent years its use appears to have been expanding quite rapidly, including in much of Africa. But what exactly do we mean by the term? Sometimes it refers to cases where the buyer specifies the quality required and the price offered, and the farmer commits to deliver at a future date. Commonly, however, contract farming implies more than a farmer just having a contract to supply a buyer. The important feature is that the buyer has some say in how, when and where a product is produced and harvested. For example, a farmer who is growing certified seeds at an agreed price, using the foundation seed supplied by a seed company, using inputs either supplied by or recommended by the company and following all recommended production practices is doing contract farming.","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonelson C. Escandallo, Angelito G. Peñaroyo, Dell John A. Artiaga, Jepy M. Carcueva
{"title":"UNVEILING THE UNTOLD STORIES OF THE BANANA LOCAL FARMERS AMID THE TIME OF PANDEMIC: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY","authors":"Jonelson C. Escandallo, Angelito G. Peñaroyo, Dell John A. Artiaga, Jepy M. Carcueva","doi":"10.36713/epra15878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra15878","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this qualitative study in a phenomenological approach was to unveil the untold stories of the diverse banana local farmers amid COVID-19 pandemic in Kapalong, Davao del Norte. It aimed to find out the reason why they got involved in that situation, the challenges they had experienced, how they coped with these challenges and their insights regarding their immense situations. The participants of the study were the fourteen (14) banana local farmers in Kapalong, Davao del Norte, Philippines. The data collection methods used and employed in the study were in-depth interview and focus group discussion. By which, after collecting data, it was gathered and found that the participants have experienced difficulties in banana farming during pandemic time such as dealing with agricultural input prices, dealing with travel restrictions, problems on banana packing due to curfew hours and dealing with problems on Fusarium wilt. The findings also revealed that banana local farmers amidst COVID-19 pandemic were maintaining optimism, drawing strength from ones family and starting early the banana packing process. Finally, the different insights of banana local farmers amidst COVID-19 pandemic were revealed such as lack of government support to farmers, staying disciplined at work, importance of financial literacy during this time and importance of hard work in these trying times.\u0000KEYWORDS: Banana local farmers, COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative study, phenomenology, Philippines.","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COTTAGE INDUSTRY IN DAKSHINA KANNADA: A CASE STUDY","authors":"Vijayalaxmi K, Dr. Shripathi Kalluraya","doi":"10.36713/epra15608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra15608","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough contextual research of the Dakshina Kannada bungalow industry, examining its financial aspects and impact on neighbouring networks. India is among the worlds developing countries. In this context, trading plays a major role in resolving problems with Khadi items. In the unlikely event if the creators fulfil Khadis objectives to win over customers devotion by creating fresh, modern Khadi products, it usually becomes a major player in the home business. Generally speaking, it is said that home businesses are an unavoidable, backward aspect of the economy. However, a financial analysis and practical engagement with many other countries demonstrate that the bungalow enterprises have demonstrated remarkable perseverance and have made a significant financial contribution to the nation. The case for fostering the growth of the bungalow industry in Dakshina Kannada is clear because these businesses present excellent opportunities for generating a sizable amount of revenue and procure a valuable open door for relatively minimal price for unemployment, especially in rural areas. This supports efforts to achieve high and useful monetary development.\u0000KEYWORDS: Cottage Industry, Dakshina Kannada, Sustainable economic growth, Achieving High","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"114 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaipu Venkata Ramana Reddy, Dr. V. Divyathejomurthy
{"title":"RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION: ROLE OF MSMES AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT","authors":"Kaipu Venkata Ramana Reddy, Dr. V. Divyathejomurthy","doi":"10.36713/epra15268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra15268","url":null,"abstract":"Although India seems highly urbanized, 65 percent of the population still lives in villages. Governments have undertaken and are implementing several schemes over the last seven decades in the name of the development of rural areas. However, even today, the fundamental problems are not yet solved in rural areas, such as poverty, employment, migration, illiteracy, medical care, nutrition, drinking water, Etc. There has been no qualitative change in the fundamental problems. It is important to remember that all currently industrialized countries were once primarily agricultural. Therefore, industrialization, which is the mainstay of the countrys development, is the need of the rural areas as an alternative to the agricultural sector. Setting up Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME), mainly in the manufacturing sector, can employ more people in less time with less investment. This paper analyses the importance of rural industrialization and the need and necessity of MSMEs to achieve rural development. KEYWORDS: Rural Development, Rural Industrialization, MSMEs, Industrial Development, Rural Employment, Rural Economy","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AMONG THE DISTRICTS OF NAGALAND","authors":"None K. Zumomo Ovung, None T. Zarenthung Ezung","doi":"10.36713/epra14664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra14664","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructures are the capital stocks that enhance production activities and quality of life of the people. It is the base in which all the economic progress and development rely on. Thus, a study was made on the availability of infrastructure in rural areas among different districts of Nagaland state. The findings revealed that the coverage of infrsatructures, such as, Electricity, Road, Phones, Educational Institution, Angawadi, Water supply and Self Help Group in the rural areas of each districts were high. It shows equitable distribution of these infrastructure in the rural areas among the districts of the state. The unequal distributions and lower coverage of infrastructures among different districts of the state are found in the case of post offices, library, veterinary, marketing shed, Banks and ATM. The article concludes with suggestive measures which can be useful for the policy makers. KEY WORDS: Infrastructures, Physical and Social","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Sayimbetov Alisher, None Aleuova Aysuliu Tanatar qizi
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF USING BIOSTIMULATORS IN GROWING HIGH YIELD OF COTTON","authors":"None Sayimbetov Alisher, None Aleuova Aysuliu Tanatar qizi","doi":"10.36713/epra14625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra14625","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the importance of using biostimulants in the production of high yield from cotton is given, and Gummi 20 is treated with 0.5 and 1.0 l/t rates before sowing, during budding and flowering periods of cotton. It has been found that when applied at rates of 1.0-1.5, it is possible to obtain an additional yield of up to 4.5 c/ha. KEY WORDS: Biostimulant, Alvit, Gummi 20, seed germination, cotton, growth, development, productivity, growth regulators, norms","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ADDRESSING THE RURAL LENDING GAP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACCESS TO CREDIT FOR URBAN AND RURAL FARMERS IN ODISHA","authors":"None Aakash Meher, None Sweeta Agrawal","doi":"10.36713/epra14544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra14544","url":null,"abstract":"Access to credit is a critical factor in the growth and sustainability of agricultural activities, especially for farmers in both urban and rural areas. However, a persistent gap in lending practices between urban and rural farmers has been observed, hindering the potential of rural farmers for economic development. This research seeks to understand and analyse the factors contributing to the rural lending gap and explore potential solutions to bridge this divide. For the purpose of this research a questioner was prepared and distributed among a sample of 130 farmers hailing from the state of Odisha, India. These questionnaires were administered through one-on-one interactions as well as in focus group discussions, allowing for a diverse range of responses. The data collected from these questionnaires and interviews was analysed. The study revealed that collateral constraints, information asymmetry, geographical isolation, risk perception, lack of financial literacy, and inadequate infrastructure collectively contribute to the disparity in credit access. By identifying the challenges faced by rural farmers, this research will provide valuable recommendations to financial institutions and policymakers on how to design more inclusive and effective lending policies. KEYWORDS- Urban, Rural, Farmers, Lending Gap","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135644639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ALTERNARIA DISEASE OF TOMATO AND ITS CONTROL MEASURES","authors":"None B.Sodikov, None U.Khamirayev, None T.Soatov, None А.Ergashyev, None I.Savriddinov, None M.Aytboyeva, None M.Tojimuhamedov","doi":"10.36713/epra14378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra14378","url":null,"abstract":"Alternaria disease is one of the most widespread and economically damaging diseases of the Solanum lycopersicum L. tomato plant. Under the influence of the disease, productivity can decrease up to 78%, and in epiphytotia up to 100%. The disease infests the leaves, branches and fruits of the plant. This article presents the results of the studies carried out on the application of the fungicide Previkur Pro72,2% w.s.p. KEY WORDS: tomato, disease, Alternaria, fungus, A. solani, disease control, fungicide, biological efficacy.","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EXPENDITURE PATTERN OF PM – KISAN SAMMAN NIDHI INSTALMENTS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH","authors":"Saloni, Archna Singh, Ravindra Kumar","doi":"10.36713/epra14025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra14025","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether the amount received under the instalments of PM-KISAN is used as per the target and expectations of the scheme, by estimating the expenditure pattern of the beneficiaries concerning the instalments received, using primary data. Further the adequacy of disbursed fund is studied by considering monthly average consumption expenditure of households, monthly average income and annual rate of inflation. The expenditure pattern is not found much in the accordance with the expectations of the scheme. The analysis revealed that, approximately 50% of the farmers utilized this money to cater their general domestic expenses and nearly 40% of the beneficiaries for the agriculture and farm related activities, inadequacy of the fund is found to be reason for this spending pattern. Regular disbursement of fund and relooking into the criteria to find targeted beneficiaries are a few recommendations of this study.\u0000KEYWORDS: PM-KISAN samman nidhi, farmers, expenditure pattern, agricultural activities, inflation, fund disbursement","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115589731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MGNREGA, A Reality or Rhetoric","authors":"Jairaj Singh Rathor, Anuradha Jha","doi":"10.36713/epra13701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra13701","url":null,"abstract":"Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a major policy undertaken by the Indian government. However, whether MGNREGA will continue to yield the same positive benefits that it brought forth in the first three years of its implementation is a vital question that needs to be examined. The paper attempts to respond to this critical issue by portraying various aspects of MGNREGAs advancement. The primary focus is to examine its impact on the human resource base of rural India. Has it energized, mobilized, empowered, and delivered to Indias poorest and most marginalized rural people? The paper begins by explicating the details of the Act, its innovative characteristics, its institutional hurdles and its impact on rural-urban migration. It also includes the bottlenecks in the money flow, women participation in the employment, the governance and challenges in the implementation of the act, the factors that support its future viability and opportunities for policy actions are scrutinized and presented .It proposes a mechanism for identifying new and relevant projects.\u0000KEYWORDS : rural -urban migration, employment, women empowerment, financial inclusion","PeriodicalId":307247,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Economic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125759126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}