{"title":"Black Empowerment in Jackson","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.11","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter four traces the intersection between Mississippi’s long freedom struggle and the federally funded war on poverty in the state capitol, Jackson. First, it describes the development of the capitol’s civil rights activism through the 1950s and into the 1960s, with sit-in campaigns drawing on the vibrancy of Tougaloo College, the Jackson NAACP Youth Council, and the leadership of Medgar Evers. The chapter then explores the way in which the class divisions which undermined activism in Jackson fed into the creation of the city’s anti-poverty program, Community Services Association. It traces the way in which one black activist and poverty warrior, Don Jackson, used his position in the Neighborhood Youth Corps to foster the city’s youthful activism. These efforts were, however, quickly undermined by the city’s powerful mechanisms of white supremacy, notably the state sovereignty commission.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"4620 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128686314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FROM CIVIL RIGHTS TO ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.8","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter one traces the development of President Lyndon Johnson’s war on poverty. It explores how the nation’s first anti-poverty program—the Child Development Group of Mississippi—formed a central part in the fight for African Americans’ economic empowerment, building on the state’s long tradition of community organizing. White Mississippi launched a renewed massive resistance campaign against the Group, led by Senator John Stennis and the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission. While the campaign was only partially successful, it was hugely significant in shaping the state’s war on poverty. White segregationists drew on a color-blind language that Senator Stennis had been using to oppose civil rights advances for years, calling for “local responsible people” to take control of the war on poverty. Their calls were little more than a thinly veiled request for whites to enact a “defensive localism” that enabled whites to re-establish their control over African American advancement.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115379584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EPILOGUE","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133400930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ku Klux Klan and the War on Poverty","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.10","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter three traces the history of the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi from Reconstruction to the 1960s, before exploring the wave of white supremacist violence that exploded across the state of Mississippi in 1967. This renewed wave of Ku Klux Klan attacks was directed at the state’s antipoverty programs, and in particular at white men and women involved in those programs. The chapter traces the rhetoric used in Klan literature in opposing the war on poverty, which claimed the programs were part of a move toward federal dictatorship. The language fused the core myths and fears on which white segregationists drew—miscegenation, the spread of venereal disease, interracial sex, the threat of black power, and liberal welfare policies that benefitted African Americans. It also illustrates how gender shaped both the Klan violence and its ideology, as attacks on white women teaching in Head Start classes intensified.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115437001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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