{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.14325/mississippi/9781496827395.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496827395.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The final section of this book reflects on the social, economic, and political changes that transformed Mississippi over the years of the war on poverty. It exposes the changes in the war against the war on poverty over time. The mechanisms utilized by Senator Stennis in his opposition to the Child Development Group in 1965 were far removed from the Klan violence unleashed in 1967. Different again were the methods of white Jacksonians as they participated in biracial antipoverty programs in order to shore up white supremacy. Perhaps the most significant facet of the fight against the war on poverty was the color-blind language used by white segregationists that encouraged “local responsible people” to join the boards of antipoverty programs. The chapter also looks forward to the visit of Ronald Reagan to the Neshoba County Fair to announce his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122314034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Demise of the War on Poverty","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.15","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter eight traces the effect of President Nixon’s efforts to undermine the war on poverty through his plans for regionalism through new federalism and through funding cuts into the 1970s. It exposes the way in which Mississippi Republican Party leaders established relationships with Don Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney in the OEO and staff in the Office of Child Development in their efforts to undermine black empowerment through the war on poverty. The chapter then picks up the story of Jackson’s antipoverty program, Community Services Association, illustrating how these national developments shaped the lives of poor Mississippians at the grassroots. It also explores the many challenges faced by the Legal Services programs in the state. The chapter ends in 1974, as regionalism, discrimination, and funding cuts had stifled much of capitol’s community action.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117078404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LIST OF ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAMS IN MISSISSIPPI","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131933979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marjorie Baroni, Adult Education, and the Mississippi Catholic Church","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.9","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter two explores the range of white responses to the war on poverty, focusing on the role of the Mississippi Catholic Church in supporting a state-wide job training program. It also tells the story of Marjorie Baroni, a white Catholic from Natchez, Mississippi who played a role in forging a biracial war on poverty in her local community. Baroni’s role illustrates not only the way in which the war on poverty provided opportunities for integration but also for women. Not simply through the “professionalization” of maternalism but also in roles as co-ordinators, administrators, and program directors. Following the creation of STAR—Strategic Training and Redevelopment—this chapter exposes the ways in which religious activism interacted with federally funded antipoverty efforts, from the Diocese of Natchez-Jackson to the Delta Ministry.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131116469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116879178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STAR, THE AFL-CIO, AND THE DIOCESE OF NATCHEZ-JACKSON","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.14","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter traces the racial and legal changes that shaped the landscape of Mississippi by 1970. Into this context, the chapter places the story of the state-wide job training program Strategic Training and Redevelopment, sponsored by the Mississippi Catholic Church. It explores the way in which the diocese and Catholic staff by turn helped and hindered the operation of STAR, but often perpetuated a racial paternalism that characterised the program. The chapter also explores the relationship between the war on poverty and the state AFL-CIO, led by Claude Ramsay. Ultimately the story of STAR illustrates how class divisions and racial discrimination hampered the program, while the changes implemented by Nixon’s administration unravelled the foundations of the war on poverty.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114681492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACKNOWLEDGMENTS","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127330440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Map of Mississippi","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125032721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mississippi Republicans and the Politics of Poverty","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.13","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter six explores the impact of the election of Richard Nixon on the war on poverty. It uncovers the conversations in the new Republican administration regarding the fate of the war on poverty, from questions over whether to rename the Office of Economic Opportunity to the appointment of Don Rumsfeld as OEO director. The chapter then moves on to discuss the way in which the evolution of massive resistance after 1965 and white opposition to the war on poverty shaped and contributed to emerging strands of conservative Republicanism in Mississippi. It places Mississippi’s “conservative color-blindness” in the broader context of the rise of the sunbelt South. Finally, the chapter illustrates the ways in which grassroots conservative groups—particularly women—were central to forging an ostensibly race neutral war against the war on poverty that was vital to the growing Mississippi Republican Party.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125051061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HELEN BASS WILLIAMS AND MISSISSIPPI ACTION FOR PROGRESS","authors":"Emma J. Folwell","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9376k.12","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter five tells the story of Mississippi Action for Progress: the Head Start program that was created to replace the Child Development Group of Mississippi. It focuses on the African American executive director of MAP, Helen Bass Williams, and her relationships with white businessman and community leader Owen Cooper and the state sovereignty commission director, Erle Johnston. The harassment campaign against Williams illustrates the way in which moderate businessmen could—even inadvertently—serve to further entrench white power in anti-poverty programs. It also shows how successfully the sovereignty commission was able to adapt its tactics to the new racial realities of Mississippi in the late 1960s.","PeriodicalId":307039,"journal":{"name":"The War on Poverty in Mississippi","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133682342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}