Ciencia y Agricultura最新文献

{"title":"Biomass and nutritional quality of four varieties of alfalfa to be introduced in Pamplona, Colombia","authors":"Alfonso Eugenio Capacho-Mogollón, Dixon Fabián Flórez-Delgado, Johan Fernando Hoyos-Patiño","doi":"10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7757","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out at the Center of Research in Plant Health and Bioinsumes of the University of Pamplona (Norte de Santander), with the objective of evaluating the productivity and nutritional quality of four alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) varieties: Cuf 101, Moapa 69, SW-8210, and SW-8718. An experiment was carried out with four randomized treatments with three replicates, for a total of 12 experimental units of 9 m 2 each. The application of correctives and amendments was done one-week prior planting, based on soil analysis. At day 70 of the sowing, a pairing cut was made to homogenize each plot. Measurements of green biomass production and nutritional quality were determined at the floral bud stage, at 210 days after sowing. The ANOVA tests showed no significant differences among the alfalfa varieties for the environmental conditions of the municipality of Pamplona, which means that all varieties can be introduced in this agroecosystem.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42569517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction and development of Upland cotton cultivars in the Colombian production system: A review","authors":"O. Burbano-Figueroa, Karen Sofia Montes-Mercado, Iván Javier Pastrana-Vargas, Jorge Cadena-Torres","doi":"10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7754","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive description of the Upland cotton cultivars incorporated into the Colombian production systems. Genealogy and traits data of the Colombian cultivars is scattered across grey literature which reduces chances to discover, access and evaluate this information.Consequently, the objectives of this review were: i) to describe traits and genealogy of the Upland cotton cultivars developed by the breeding programs in Colombia, and ii) to describe the Upland cotton cultivars from other countries that have been introduced into the Colombian production system. This data repository is part of the efforts dedicated to consolidate data dispersed in public and private institutions with the purpose of metadata analysis. In the future, this document will provide guidance to procedures of breeding, introduccion of new varieties, and assessment of  the development and introduction of new cultivars on closing yield gaps. Additionally, this review includes recommendations to develop new cultivars based on the current scenario of cotton producers.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"29-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48453200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Colombian normative framework for horses as blood traction vehicles.","authors":"G. E. Estrada-Cely, Diego Felipe Pinto-Díaz","doi":"10.19053/01228420.v15.n1.2018.7758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v15.n1.2018.7758","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed at analyzing in detail the Colombian regulations concerning the use of horses as blood traction vehicles, and particularly, their development in the municipality of Florencia, Department of Caqueta. It is clear that a legal framework exist, however, its application is rare or sometimes null, thus perpetuating the impunity of animal abuse crimes, and the lack of effectiveness in terms of social and cultural transformation. The main difficulties found were the lack of both knowledge and effective management of the normative guidelines, and the scarce communication between the entities responsible for compliance, incurring in apparent malfeasance by omission and frank violation of the constitutional principle of administrative coordination.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the nutritional value of blocks with different inclusion percentages of Sambucus peruviana and Zea mays","authors":"C. Rodríguez-Molano, Néstor Julián Pulido-Suárez","doi":"10.19053/01228420.v15.n1.2018.7760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v15.n1.2018.7760","url":null,"abstract":"The low availability and quality of forages for bovines during critical periods (dry - rainy seasons) negatively impact the milk and meat production systems. This study aimed at evaluating the nutritional quality of nutritional blocks with different percentages of linden and corn inclusion. The plant material (leaves and stems) of corn and linden was collected with a vegetative period of 70 days since the emission. The material was dehydrated under greenhouse for five days, and subsequently the nutritional blocks of Sambucus peruviana and Zea mays were elaborated in two percentages of inclusion to determine their nutritive value (dry matter, crude fiber, ashes, and crude protein). All the variables were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey test (5 %). Statistically significant differences were found (P <0.05) for the % of ash, fiber, and protein. Linden and corn, as multipurpose species, can be implemented under different landscape management tools and provide forage of a high quality.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47924134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antecedentes, realidades y retos de los programas nacionales para la Reforma Rural Integral","authors":"Yady Nohelia Figueroa Torres, Sandra Milena Pérez Bello, Claudia Liliana Villamarín Monroy, Alfonso Rincón Pérez","doi":"10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7761","url":null,"abstract":"The peace agreements between the Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces –FARC– and the National Government in Havana include a point of great relevance for the rural sector: the Comprehensive Rural Reform. This reform contemplates not only the productive aspect but also the concept of territory and all the actors involved in it; additionally, it seeks to improve the living conditions of the rural population through a structural transformation that respects the communities and their identities, and that provides opportunities to promote Rural Development.This article seeks to analyze the third aspect of point one of the agreement, the national plans for the integral rural reform, whose main objective is to overcome poverty and close the rural-city gap. In order to achieve this, first, the situations of rural poverty and rural-city gap in Colombia were described, and second, the proposals of the comprehensive rural reform to overcome poverty and reduce these gaps were revised, with the aim of understanding the context in which this reform is proposed to be implemented.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44468691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative PCR for detection of Citrus tristeza virus in Colombia","authors":"Luis Miguel Solano-Luna, Edisson Chavarro-Mesa, J. Ángel-Diaz","doi":"10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7789","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied using SYBR Green for the specific detection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in Colombian. Genomic RNA (gRNA) was amplified using primers designed from conserved sequences in the open reading frames (ORF’s) 1b and 2. We obtained a 186 bp product with neither dimers nor non-specificity. The analysis of the melting curve showed a peak between 81 ° C and 83 ° C, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and an efficiency of 99.1 %. The amplification of the 186 bp fragment resulted in the standard curve, which allowed the quantitative analysis of the samples with a detection range between 1x10 8 and 1x10 3 genomic RNA copies, with low variation coefficients. CTV accumulation was higher in foliar and fruit tissue than in the bark, and the differences observed among several citrus species susceptible to infection were minimal. The highest concentration of virus was found in the upper third of the analyzed plants, followed by the lower third and finally the middle third. The qRT-PCR is a specific and sensitive method, with a practical interest for the detection of viral diseases in citrus plants and other crops of commercial interest.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41534090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterias diazotróficas con actividad promotora del crecimiento vegetal en Daucus carota L.","authors":"Jennifer Gaviria Giraldo, Glória Franco, Narmer Fernando Galeano Vanegas, A. Rodríguez","doi":"10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.V15.N1.2018.7753","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste trabajo se propuso aislar bacterias diazotroficas con actividad promotora del crecimiento vegetal, asociadas al cultivo de zanahoria. Se realizaron 3 muestreos, a los 30, 60 y 115 dias, en una granja ubicada en una zona rural del municipio de Manizales (Caldas). El aislamiento de las bacterias diazotroficas se efectuo en medios de cultivo semisolidos libres de nitrogeno. A los aislamientos obtenidos se les realizo descripcion macro y microscopica, identificacion bioquimica y molecular. Se evaluaron caracteristicas como determinacion de compuestos indolicos, actividad nitrogenasa y solubilizacion de fosfatos. Como cepa patron se empleo Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus ATCC 49037. Se recuperaron 20 aislamientos asociados a la rizosfera y 12 al rizoplano. La identificacion molecular mostro cinco generos presentes: Rhizobium, Achromobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter y Stenotrophomonas. La produccion de compuestos indolicos presento concentraciones entre 9,73 y 112,8 µg/mL. La cepa patron presento una actividad mayor, con una produccion de compuestos indolicos de 172,5 µg/mL. En la actividad nitrogenasa los aislamientos GIBI411, 394 y 399 tuvieron una actividad mayor o similar a la cepa patron. Los aislamientos mas eficientes en la solubilizacion de fosfato tricalcico fueron GIBI378 y 385. La solubilizacion de fosfato de aluminio se valoro por el indice de produccion de acido, siendo los aislamientos GIBI378, 391, 387 y 388 los de mejor comportamiento en esta variable. Los aislamientos encontrados son candidatos potenciales para desarrollar nuevos procesos biotecnologicos para la produccion de nuevos biofertilizantes alternativos, considerando las importantes propiedades de promocion del crecimiento vegetal determinadas en este trabajo. EnglishThis study aimed at isolating diazotrophic bacteria with promoting activity of vegetal growth, associated to carrot culture. Samples were taken at 30, 60 and 115 days in a farm located in a rural area of the municipality of Manizales (Caldas). The diazotrophic bacteria were isolated in semi-solid culture media free of nitrogen. We described the macro and microscopic features of the obtained isolations, and identified them biochemically and molecularly. In addition, we evaluated indole compounds, nitrogenase activity and solubilization of phosphates. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus ATCC 49037 was used as a standard strain. We recovered 20 isolates associated to rhizosphere and 12 to rhizoplane. The molecular identification showed the presence of five genera: Rhizobium, Achromobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter, and Stenotrophomonas. The production of indole compounds presented concentrations between 9.73 and 112.8 μg/mL. The standard strain showed a higher activity, with an indolic compound production of 172.5 μg/mL. Regarding nitrogenase activity, the isolates GIBI411, 394 and 399 had an activity greater or similar to the standard strain. The most efficient isolates in the solubilization of tricalcium phos","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68302857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólico y etanólico de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya) en Haemonchus contortus","authors":"María de la Esperanza Marroquín Tun, Rosa Isabel Higuera Piedrahita, M. E. Arellano, R. Arellano, Héctor Alejandro de la Cruz Cruz, Rocío Silva Mendoza, Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar Ordaz","doi":"10.19053/01228420.v15.n1.2018.7756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v15.n1.2018.7756","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEntre los principales problemas sanitarios para la produccion ovina estan los parasitos gastroentericos; de ellos, el mas importante es Haemonchus contortus. Las estrategias actuales de control enfocan la eficacia, junto con el bajo o nulo impacto al ecosistema; el estudio del control integral de parasitos permite la investigacion de alternativas con probable efecto antihelmintico, entre ellas el uso de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcoholico y etanolico de la semilla de papaya (C. papaya) sobre huevos y larvas de H. contortus. El trabajo se llevo a cabo con el equipo e instalaciones del Laboratorio 3 de la Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, UNAM. Se elaboraron los extractos por medio de maceracion en solvente. Se inoculo un ovino con 5000 larvas de tercer estadio (L3) de H. contortus, cepa aislada y mantenida en dichas instalaciones. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal y se recuperaron huevos para el ensayo de inhibicion de la eclosion. Los huevos y las L3 fueron pretratados con extracto hidroalcoholico y etanolico de semilla de papaya (2.5 mg/ml), agua destilada, etanol 90 % y levamisol (7.5 mg/ml). Se efectuo la tecnica de explantes abomasales, evaluando el efecto de los extractos sobre las L3 y su asociacion a la mucosa abomasal. Se realizo un ANOVA para muestras repetidas por medio del programa Statgraphics. El extracto etanolico de semilla de papaya mostro el 92 % de inhibicion de la eclosion; el extracto hidroalcoholico mostro 50 % (p EnglishAmong the main health problems for sheep production are gastrointestinal parasites, of which the most important nematode is Haemonchus contortus. Current control strategies focus on the effectiveness, along with the low impact on the ecosystem. The study of the integral control of parasites allows the investigation of alternatives with probable anthelmintic effect, such as the use of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of papaya seeds on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. The study was carried out with the equipment and facilities of Laboratory 3 of the Multidisciplinary Research Unit at the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, UNAM. The extracts were prepared through maceration in solvent. A sheep was inoculated with 5000 L3 of H. contortus, a strain isolated and maintained in the facilities. Fecal samples were collected, and eggs were recovered for the hatch inhibition assay. The eggs and L3 were pretreated with hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extract of papaya seed (2.5 mg/ml), distilled water, ethanol 90 %, and levamisole (7.5 mg/ml). The abomasal explants technique was used to evaluate the effect of the extracts on L3 and its association to the abomasal mucosa. An ANOVA was performed for repeated samples using the Statgraphics program. The ethanolic extract of ","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"15 1","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68302907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comportamiento productivo e incidencia de diarrea en cerdos posdestete suplementados con polvo mixto de hojas de plantas con propiedades nutracéuticas","authors":"Roisbel Aroche-Ginarte, Yordan Martínez-Aguilar, Lazara Ayala-González, Román Rodríguez-Bertot, Yuri Rodríguez-Fraga","doi":"10.19053/01228420.V14.N2.2017.7145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.V14.N2.2017.7145","url":null,"abstract":"Para evaluar el efecto de la suplementacion dietetica con polvo mixto de hojas de plantas con propiedades nutraceuticas (40 % A. occidentale, 20 % M. oleifera, 20 % M. citrifolia y 20 % P. guajava) en el comportamiento productivo y en la incidencia de diarrea en cerdos posdestete, se utilizaron 150 cerdos (Yorkland x Yorkshire) de 33 dias de edad, con peso vivo promedio de 7.74 kg±0.71. Se aplico un diseno completamente aleatorizado con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y cinco cerdos por repeticion, durante 42 dias. Los tratamientos fueron, T0: Dieta Basal (DB) sin Antibiotico Promotor de Crecimiento (APC); T1: DB+APC (Labionor 5 mL/kg de pienso); T2: DB+0.5 % de polvo mixto; T3: DB+1.0 % polvo mixto, y T4: DB+1.5 % de polvo mixto. La viabilidad mejoro (P<0.05) con la suplementacion dietetica del polvo mixto y el APC, comparada con el T0; los T3 y T4 incrementaron (P<0.05) el peso vivo final con relacion al T0 y al T1, y el T4 mostro (P<0.05) la mejor ganancia media diaria y conversion alimenticia, con diferencias significativas (P<0.05) con el T0 y el T1. Las suplementaciones del polvo mixto y del APC disminuyeron (P<0.05) la incidencia de la diarrea en los cerdos posdestete. Se recomienda la suplementacion dietetica de 1.0 % del polvo mixto de hojas de plantas con propiedades nutraceuticas como alternativa a los APC, para incrementar los indicadores productivos y disminuir la incidencia de diarrea en los cerdos posdestete.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"14 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47500059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudio de la variabilidad genética en accesiones de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) mediante marcadores SSRs","authors":"M. A. Sánchez","doi":"10.19053/01228420.v14.n2.2017.7150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v14.n2.2017.7150","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se determino la variabilidad genetica de 30 accesiones de papa nativas (Solanum tuberosum L.) del banco de germoplasma que administra la Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria (Corpoica), mediante cinco marcadores moleculares de tipo microsatelites (SSRs). En total, se identificaron 33 alelos con un rango entre 2 (STMS1049) hasta 10 (STMS1106), donde el contenido de informacion polimorfica (PIC) vario entre 0,368 (STM1049) hasta 0,574 (STM2022). El analisis de agrupamiento distribuyo las 30 accesiones de papas en siete grupos geneticos, con indices de similitud que oscilaron entre 0,452 (1231) hasta 0,841 (1439). A partir de los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que con el uso de los marcadores moleculares empleados el material presento variabilidad, poniendo en manifiesto el gran valor que tiene esta coleccion para los programas de mejoramiento genetico de la especie.","PeriodicalId":30687,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia y Agricultura","volume":"14 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}