Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy最新文献

{"title":"Wave Energy Extraction by the End of the Century: Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation","authors":"Jelena Janjić, S. Gallagher, E. Gleeson, F. Dias","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-78107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-78107","url":null,"abstract":"Using wind speeds and sea ice fields from the EC-Earth global climate model to run the WAVEWATCH III model, we investigate the changes in the wave climate of the northeast Atlantic by the end of the 21st century. Changes in wave climate parameters are related to changes in wind forcing both locally and remotely. In particular, we are interested in the behavior of large-scale atmospheric oscillations and their influence on the wave climate of the North Atlantic Ocean. Knowing that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is related to large-scale atmospheric circulation, we carried out a correlation analysis of the NAO pattern using an ensemble of EC-Earth global climate simulations. These simulations include historical periods (1980–2009) and projected changes (2070–2099) by the end of the century under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) forcing scenarios with three members in each RCP wave model ensemble. In addition, we analysed the correlations between the NAO and a range of wave parameters that describe the wave climate from EC-Earth driven WAVEWATCH III model simulation over the North Atlantic basin, focusing on a high resolution two-way nested grid over the northeast Atlantic. The results show a distinct decrease by the end of the century and a strong positive correlation with the NAO for all wave parameters observed.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132350724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Yaw Error on the Mooring Systems of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Extreme Weather Conditions","authors":"Evelyn R. Hunsberger, Spencer T Hallowell, Casey M. Fontana, S. Arwade","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-77225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-77225","url":null,"abstract":"As floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) become the most viable option for wind farms in deeper waters, it is important to investigate their dynamic response in inclement conditions when failures, such as yaw misalignment, are more likely to occur. This research uses hour-long simulations in FAST, software developed by The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), to analyze the effect of yaw error on anchor tensions and platform displacements in both a traditional single-line wind farm geometry, where each anchor is connected to one turbine, and an optimum multiline anchor geometry, where each anchor is connected to three turbines. NREL’s 5 MW reference turbine on a semi-submersible base is analyzed using six realizations of each combination of co-directional wind and waves, wind speed and yaw error; resulting in 2,484 simulations in total. The variability in platform displacements and mooring forces increases as wind speed increases, and as yaw errors approach critical values. The angle of incidence of the co-directional wind and waves dictates which anchor experiences the most tension for both the single-line and multiline concepts. In the multiline geometry, the greatest increases in anchor tension occurs when the downwind turbine has yaw error. Yaw error increases the maximum anchor tension by up to 43% in the single-line geometry and up to 37% in the multiline geometry. In the multiline geometry, yaw error causes the direction of the resultant anchor force to vary by up to 20°. These changes in anchor tension magnitudes and directions are governed by the platform displacements, and are a direct result of the differences in the tangential and normal coefficients of drag of the turbine blades. When designing floating offshore wind farms, the influence of yaw error on loading magnitudes and directions are to be considered when determining the necessary capacities and calculating the corresponding reliabilities for wind turbine components.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116432216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hull Flexibility on the Structural Dynamics of a TLP Floating Wind Turbine","authors":"C. Souza, E. Bachynski","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-77310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-77310","url":null,"abstract":"Structural analysis of floating wind turbines is normally carried out with the hull considered as a rigid body. This paper explores the consequences of modeling the pontoons of a tension leg platform (TLP) wind turbine as flexible structures. The analysis is based on numerical simulations of free decays, structural response to wave excitation and short-term fatigue damage accumulation at chosen points of the platform. In addition, the importance of considering hydroelasticity effects is evaluated. It is observed that pontoon flexibility can change the platform natural periods significantly, as well as the intensity and peak frequencies of internal structural loads. The adoption of a fully rigid-body is shown to be non-conservative for the fatigue damage analysis. Loads due to hydroelasticity have order of magnitude comparable to those related to rigid-body motions, but still lower enough to be considered of secondary importance.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126122246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Misaligned Wave and Wind Action on the Response of the Combined Concept WindWEC","authors":"M. Karimirad, C. Michailides","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-77078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-77078","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, the effects of misaligned wave and wind action on the dynamic response of the WindWEC combined concept are evaluated and presented. WindWEC is a recently proposed combined wind and wave energy system; a hybrid offshore energy system that consists of: (a) a 5MW floating wind turbine supported by a spar-type substructure (e.g. Hywind), a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) that is of heaving buoy type (e.g. Wavestar), (c) a structural arm that connects the spar with the WEC and (d) a common mooring system. Hybrid offshore platforms are combining wave and wind energy systems and are designed in order to gain the possible synergy effects and reduce the cost of generated electrical power while increasing the quality of delivered power to grids. During the lifetime of a combined concept, wave and wind can be misaligned which may affect the dynamic response and as a result the functionality of it. In particular, for asymmetric configurations, the misalignment of the wave and wind may result in unexpected behaviour and significant effects that may reduce the produced power. For the case of the WindWEC concept, the relative motion of the spar platform and WEC buoy results to the produced power. In this paper, the dynamic response and power production of the buoy type WEC and wind turbine are examined for different loading conditions where the wave and wind are misaligned. Integrated/coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic time-domain dynamic simulations considering multi-body analyses are applied. The motion, structural and tension responses as well as power production are examined. The misalignment of wave and wind results to higher loads that affect the mooring line system and motion responses of the spar. It is found that the produced power of wind turbine is not significantly affected.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124685362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Characteristics of Vertical-Axis Off-Shore Savonius Wind and Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbines","authors":"Parag K Talukdar, V. Kulkarni, U. Saha","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-78497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-78497","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in energy demand, climate change and depletion of fossil fuel, encourages the researchers to find a solution to the scarcity of clean energy. Therefore, the extraction of energy from renewable energy sources has become a topic of interest in the past few decades across the globe. Thus, harvesting the offshore wind and hydro energy and converting it to electrical power using various electromechanical devices has been a challenge. In this context, the vertical-axis Savonius wind and Savonius hydrokinetic turbines appear to be promising concept for energy conversion because of their good self-starting capability and simplicity in design. The present study attempts to characterize the performances of a Savonius wind turbine (SWT) and a Savonius hydrokinetic turbine (SHT) under identical input flow conditions. In order to characterize their performances, the SWT is tested in a low-speed wind tunnel with closed test section whereas the SHT is tested in an open channel flume. In each case, the torque and power coefficients are estimated at different mechanical loading conditions. It is observed that the SWT and SHT demonstrate peak power coefficients of 0.25 and 0.28 respectively for the same input power. However, the SWT is found to operate over a slightly wider range of tip-speed ratios than the SHT before the onset of stall. Finally, the computational study using ANSYS 14.5 has been carried out to evaluate the flow physics of the turbine at various azimuthal positions.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127849304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons Between the Typical Wind Shear and the Wind Shear Induced by Platform Pitch Motion for an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine","authors":"Binrong Wen, Qi Zhang, Shan Wei, Xinliang Tian, Xingjian Dong, Zhike Peng","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-77797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-77797","url":null,"abstract":"The pitch motion of the Offshore Floating Wind Turbine (OFWT) introduces additional wind speed to the rotor. The additional wind speed distributes linearly along the vertical altitude, which is called as the platform-pitch-induced wind shear effect in this paper. Comparisons between the typical wind shear and the platform-pitch-induced wind shear are conducted with the Free Vortex Method (FVM) for the NREL 5MW baseline wind turbine. It is found that the platform-pitch-induced wind shear is the results of the rotor rotating and platform pitching, and its wind speed profile is time-varying. At the designed point of tip speed ratio of 7, the averaged power output is reduced slightly under the typical wind shear while it is increased by 4% under the platform-pitch-induced wind shear. The aerodynamic loads of the OFWT under the platform pitch-induced wind shear experience much more considerable variations than the typical wind shear, which introduce severer fatigue damages to the OFWT components. For the sake of the safety of the OFWT, advanced control strategy and superior design should be developed to mitigate the platform pitch motion.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121423189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue Analysis of a 12-MW Wind Turbine Blade","authors":"Hyeonjeong Ahn, Hyunkyoung Shin","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-78214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-78214","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the MHI Vestas released a 9.5-MW offshore wind turbine. It is also actively researching and developing a 10-MW offshore wind turbine. As the capacity of a wind turbine increases, the sizes of all its system components, including length and weight, correspondingly increase. Consequently, as a wind turbine becomes larger, it becomes necessary to analyze the fatigue load applied to its entire system. The first reason for such an analysis is to achieve a safe but not overly designed large wind turbine. Second, most wind turbine accidents involve aging turbines and are related to fatigue analysis.\u0000 Accordingly, the purpose of fatigue analysis is to safely design a wind turbine that sustains repeated loads within its design life. In this study, the blades and loads for the fatigue analysis of a 12-MW floating offshore wind turbine are calculated based on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5-MW wind turbine blades. The calculated loads are applied to the Markov matrix through a preprocessing, such as the cycle counting method. Finally, the equivalent fatigue load is estimated based on both mean and range.\u0000 In this study, only the equivalent fatigue load on the turbine blade is calculated. However, if fatigue analysis is to be performed for all parts using equivalent loads, it is possible to design the wind turbine to fully withstand such loads throughout its design life, and prevent the overdesign of each part as well.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127741629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Response Analysis on the Interaction Between Flexible Bodies of Large-Sized Wind Turbine Under Random Wind Loads","authors":"Yilun Li, Shuang‐Xi Guo, Min Li, Weimin Chen, Yue Kong","doi":"10.1115/omae2018-77444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77444","url":null,"abstract":"As the output power of wind turbine increasingly gets larger, the structural flexibility of elastic bodies, such as rotor blades and tower, gets more significant owing to larger structural size. In that case, the dynamic interaction between these flexible bodies become more profound and may significantly impact the dynamic response of the whole wind turbine. In this study, the integrated model of a 5-MW wind turbine is developed based on the finite element simulations so as to carry out dynamic response analysis under random wind load, in terms of both time history and frequency spectrum, considering the interactions between the flexible bodies. And, the load evolution along its transmitting route and mechanical energy distribution during the dynamic response are examined. And, the influence of the stiffness and motion of the supporting tower on the integrated system is discussed.\u0000 The basic dynamic characteristics and responses of 3 models, i.e. the integrated wind turbine model, a simplified turbine model (blades, hub and nacelle are simplified as lumped masses) and a rigid supported blade, are examined, and their results are compared in both time and frequency domains. Based on our numerical simulations, the dynamic coupling mechanism are explained in terms of the load transmission and energy consumption. It is found that the dynamic interaction between flexible bodies is profound for wind turbine with large structural size, e.g. the load and displacement of the tower top gets around 15% larger mainly due to the elastic deformation and dynamic behaviors (called inertial-elastic effect here) of the flexible blade; On the other hand, the elastic deformation may additionally consume around 10% energy (called energy-consuming effect) coming from external wind load and consequently decreases the displacement of the tower. In other words, there is a competition between the energy-consuming effect and inertial-elastic effect of the flexible blade on the overall dynamic response of the wind turbine. And similarly, the displacement of the blade gets up to 20% larger because the elastic-dynamic behaviors of the tower principally provides a elastic and moving support which can significantly change the natural mode shape of the integrated wind turbine and decrease the natural frequency of the rotor blade.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133701336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TELWIND: Numerical Analysis of a Floating Wind Turbine Supported by a Two Bodies Platform","authors":"José A. Armesto, A. Jurado, R. Guanche, B. Counago, Joaquín Urbano, J. Serna","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-77587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-77587","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a numerical study of an innovative floating wind turbine developed by ESTEYCO S.A.P. as part of an intensive R&D roadmap initiated ten years ago. The concept is called TELWIND, an evolved spar concept composed by a telescopic tower and two independent concrete bodies: the upper tank (acting as buoyancy body) and lower tank (acting as ballasting body), connected by suspension tendons. An ad-hoc numerical model has been developed by IHCantabria, calibrated and validated, based on a set of large scale laboratory tests performed at the Cantabria Coastal and Ocean Basin (CCOB), located at IHCantabria, Santander, Spain.\u0000 The inhouse numerical model is a fully coupled model which comprehends three main modules: i) Hydrodynamic model that analyses the coupled hydrodynamics of floater and ballast. ii) Mooring and tendon module, and iii) Aerodynamic model. The full description of the numerical model is summarized, as well as the validation procedure followed. Finally, the validation of the numerical model is shown.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134206257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for Calculating Floating Offshore Wind Foundation Internal Loads Using Bladed and a Finite Element Analysis Software","authors":"A. Alexandre, Ricard Buils Urbano, John Roadnight, R. Harries","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2018-78035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-78035","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, the floating offshore wind industry has developed quickly and most authors are now converging towards the need of a coupled loads analysis using aero-hydro-servo-elastic software on time domain simulations for floating foundations design. Different hydrodynamic theories still exist and their application depends on the floating platform characteristics. The Morison equation and the boundary element method (BEM, not to be confused with the Blade Element Momentum theory) theory approaches are often used in combination on the same platform model, sometimes applied to different elements of the same structure depending on their shape.\u0000 When using the potential flow theory approach calculating internal distributed loads and later on transferring them to stress for hull design purposes is still a challenge due to the large ammount of load cases needed and the complexity of the structure. Furthermore, accounting for platform flexibility is also difficult in most codes using BEM theory due to the same reasons. Different approaches have been proposed by different authors, and currently there is not a single best industry practice for this.\u0000 This paper presents a method for accounting for platform flexibility when using BEM theory. A range of methods for the load to stress transfer are also presented and the advantages and disadvantages between them are discussed. The choice of one or another method will depend heavily on the platform structure, and different methods might be used and combined for the same platform depending on the shape of the different elements within it.\u0000 The different methods presented here involve performing coupled loads analysis using the aero-elastic software Bladed and multiple bodies to represent the floating platform in order to obtain internal loads at different points in the structure, as well as allowing for platform flexiblity modelling. Bladed can model multiple hydrodynamic bodies including the hydrodynamic effects between (e.g. coupled terms in the radiation force). The approach used in the current study is based on a platform modelled with the hydrodynamic loading distributed over independent sections, but originally computed from a single body BEM calculation. This simplification offers significant gains in computational efficiency and is expected to be valid for many types of floating structure, whist still allowing for some platform flexiblity to be modelled.\u0000 The simulation resultant time series can later on be postprocessed to obtain distributed pressure forces on the platform wetted surface and transfer those onto a Finite Element code. Different options are presented here on how to perform this last step for both extreme and fatigue analysis of the hull structure. A couple of examples are shown using the OC3 spar and OC4 semisubmersible, focusing on a subsection of the structures to demonstrate the methodology.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114190992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}