International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)最新文献

{"title":"Culture and mental illnesses.","authors":"Dinesh Bhugra, Cameron Watson, Rajiv Wijesuriya","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1777748","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1777748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25379285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric disorders in older adults: a naturalistic study from North India.","authors":"Vikram Bharti,&nbsp;Elliot Clissold,&nbsp;Cameron Watson,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1744252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1744252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of older adults is increasing, especially among low- and middle-income countries. This raises specific issues related to healthcare since, as people are living longer, it is much more likely they will be living with complex co-morbidities, both physical and mental. In a naturalistic study from a private healthcare clinic from an industrial town in North India, details of 52 patients (mean age 72.4 years) were collected. Two thirds were male, and a vast majority attended the clinic accompanied by a family member. Those with different types of dementias were much more likely to present with sleep disturbances. A significant number of patients were illiterate or poorly educated, and a large number dropped out of healthcare. Reasons for this are discussed and detailed presentations regarding symptoms are described. Healthcare policies must take into account rural urban factors and ensure that policies take into account healthcare needs of older adults across geographical areas and complex co-morbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"202-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1744252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37864026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immigrant acculturation and wellbeing across generations and settlement contexts in Canada.","authors":"John W Berry,&nbsp;Feng Hou","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1750801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1750801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When immigrants settle into their new societies, variations in their wellbeing are commonly found, due to a number of factors: their generation; their specific settlement context; and their acculturation strategies. With respect to settlement context, the policy of multiculturalism in Canada and of interculturalism in Quebec, provide different contexts for immigrant acculturation and wellbeing. Acculturation strategies are assessed with measures of sense of belonging to Canada and to the province of residence: Canada and Province (strong sense of belonging to both); either Canada only or province only (strong belonging to one or to the other); and neither (strong to neither). Wellbeing is assessed by scales of Life Satisfaction and Mental Health. This study examines whether these context differences may be associated with variations in the acculturation strategies and wellbeing among immigrants and later generations. Samples of adult immigrants and subsequent generations were drawn from those who live in Québec and in the rest of Canada. The distribution of the four profiles among immigrants did not differ between Québec and the rest of Canada. However, among later generations, the 'Canada only' profile is lower, while the 'province only' is higher, in Québec than in the rest of Canada. These findings suggest a drawing away from identifying with Canada, and an increase in identifying with Québec, in later generations in Québec. This pattern is consistent with the goals of the different incorporation policies in Québec and the rest of Canada. Wellbeing was generally higher in the group with high sense of belonging to both Canada and Québec, and Mental Health was higher in Québec than in the Rest of Canada in all three generations. Implications of these findings for acculturation and settlement policy are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"140-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1750801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37882753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hypothesis on Cotard's syndrome as an evolution of obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Michele Fabrazzo,&nbsp;Lisa Giannelli,&nbsp;Serena Riolo,&nbsp;Antonietta Fuschillo,&nbsp;Francesco Perris,&nbsp;Francesco Catapano","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1810425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1810425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotard's syndrome usually presents as combined symptoms occurring in a broad series of neurological, psychiatric, and medical disorders, being severe depression the most frequent. The syndrome is not classified as a distinct clinical entity in the nosological systems but appears solely as a clinical condition in case reports. Thus, the diagnosis of Cotard's syndrome mainly centres on the psychiatric interview and the ability of the clinician to recognise specific symptoms due to the absence of both clinical instruments and diagnostic criteria. Cotard's syndrome has never been described to date in patients with a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We report a case of a 49-year-old woman presenting obsessive symptoms and related compulsions for more than 30 years. Cotard's syndrome appeared after 3 years from a tragic event that had caused a psychological trauma. Such an occurrence may have contributed to worsening OCD and leading to a second major depressive episode followed by a suicidal attempt. Since then, the subject of our patient's obsessive thoughts changed, and the belief of being dead appeared. The repetitive and stereotyped thoughts caused severe distress, and accompanied the compulsive nature of reassurance seeking, temporarily beneficial to the anxiety arousing. The transition from obsession to delusion occurred when resistance was abandoned, and insight was lost. Once Cotard's syndrome had stabilised, OCD was no longer present. Additional distinctive features were the absence of psychiatric family history and the persistent nature of the affective psychosis. We concluded that Cotard's syndrome represented the evolution of the initial obsessive-compulsive disorder. Furthermore, we differentiated the clinical condition of our patient from other psychiatric diseases with similar clinical features. Larger-scale research is needed to consider topics other than comorbidity and also to explore significant elements of the patient's clinical history to discover what may influence the evolution and/or the persistence of the diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1810425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38455436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural variations in wellbeing, burnout and substance use amongst medical students in twelve countries.","authors":"Andrew Molodynski,&nbsp;Thomas Lewis,&nbsp;Murtaza Kadhum,&nbsp;Sarah Marie Farrell,&nbsp;Maha Lemtiri Chelieh,&nbsp;Telma Falcão De Almeida,&nbsp;Rawan Masri,&nbsp;Anindya Kar,&nbsp;Umberto Volpe,&nbsp;Fiona Moir,&nbsp;Julio Torales,&nbsp;João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia,&nbsp;Steven W H Chau,&nbsp;Chris Wilkes,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1738064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1738064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High levels of stress, burnout, and symptoms of poor mental health have been well known among practicing doctors for a number of years. Indeed, many health systems have formal and informal mechanisms to offer support and treatment where needed, though this varies tremendously across cultures. There is increasing evidence that current medical students, our doctors of the future, also report very high levels of distress, burnout, and substance misuse. We sampled large groups of medical students in 12 countries at the same time and with exactly the same method in order to aid direct comparison. 3766 students responded to our survey across five continents in what we believe is a global first. Our results show that students in all 12 countries report very high levels of 'caseness' on validated measures of psychiatric symptoms and burnout. Rates of substance misuse, often a cause of or coping mechanism for this distress, and identified sources of stress also varied across cultures. Variations are strongly influenced by cultural factors. Further quantitative and qualitative research is required to confirm our results and further delineate the causes for high rates of psychiatric symptoms and burnout. Studies should also focus on the implementation of strategies to safeguard and identify those most at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1738064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37749799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study to explore the help-seeking views relating to depression among older Black Caribbean adults living in the UK.","authors":"Natalie Victoria Bailey,&nbsp;Rachel Tribe","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1761138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1761138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numbers of older adults are rising globally. In the UK, rates of mental ill-health are thought to be higher in Black Asian and Minority Ethnic communities than in the white population. Older adults from BAME groups are an under researched group. It is important to understand the experiences and beliefs that underlie help-seeking behaviour among BAME older adults to deliver effective, culturally appropriate, and accessible services. This study aims to explore help-seeking views and strategies utilized in relation to depression among older Black Caribbean people in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight UK Black Caribbean participants, aged between 65 and 79 years. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three master themes emerged from the analysis: (1) 'If you don't know, you don't seek help', (2) 'I was depressed…I knew I was depressed', 3) 'You have to decide': Attitudes to help-seeking and mental health service use. Participants' past personal experiences of coping with depression, including migratory histories, cultural and religious views, and personal relationships influenced their help-seeking views and preferred coping methods for depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1761138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37993845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in Italy: critical issues in the application of the provisions of law.","authors":"Stefano Ferracuti,&nbsp;Giovanna Parmigiani,&nbsp;Roberto Catanesi,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio,&nbsp;Christian Napoli,&nbsp;Gabriele Mandarelli","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1772581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1772581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation in Italy raises some critical forensic issues. We analysed the sociodemographic, psychopathological, and behavioural characteristics of involuntarily hospitalised psychiatric patients, and the effectiveness of the juridical procedure of guarantee. Case files (<i>n</i> = 2796) related to involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation (IPH) at the Office of the Tutelary Judge of the Ordinary Court of Rome (Italy) between January 2013 and May 2016 were analysed. For each case file sociodemographic, clinical and procedural information were collected. The sample included 53.7% men, patients had a mean age of 41.8 ± 13.9. Most of the IPH proposal certificates reported more than one reason, among which the most frequent were symptoms referring to a psychotic dimension (54.8%), agitation (38.0%), and symptoms of bipolar and related disorders (26.3%) Female patients showed a higher prevalence of symptoms of the bipolar spectrum (<i>F</i> = 29.7%, <i>M</i> = 23.3%; <i>p</i> < 0.05), while male patients showed a higher prevalence of aggressive behaviour (<i>F</i> = 7.7%, <i>M</i> = 12.6%; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Over 85% of the IPH proposal certificates did not explicitly mention issues related to adherence to care, which is the second criterium requested for IH (treatment refusal) and up to 7.3% of the proposals were not properly motivated. However, only 0.8% cases were not validated by the Tutelary Judge. Possible issues in the IPH procedures emerged since a significant number of certifications showed poor concordance with law- criteria for involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation. Despite this evidence, the low rate of unvalidated procedures by the Tutelary Judge, suggests a possible limitation of this form of guarantee.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1772581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38050630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magna Carta for individuals living with mental illness.","authors":"Albert Persaud,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra,&nbsp;Preety Das,&nbsp;Sam Gnanapragasam,&nbsp;Cameron Watson,&nbsp;Rajiv Wijesuriya,&nbsp;Tom Brice,&nbsp;Elliot Clissold,&nbsp;João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia,&nbsp;Koravangattu Valsraj,&nbsp;Julio Torales,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1753963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1753963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is considerable evidence to suggest that individuals with mental illness as well as their carers and families are discriminated against across a number of domains. It is also well recognized that people with mental illness are likely to die younger than their counterparts who do not have mental illness. We propose that a Magna Carta is urgently needed to protect the rights of people with mental illness and help reduce discrimination. In this paper a background and rationale for this is offered alongside suggestions for reducing discrimination. The simple message is this; progress in health, economic, environmental and global development will not be made without improvements in mental health. The reasons are equally straightforward as mental illnesses cause more disability than any other health condition and bring enormous pain and suffering to individuals, their families and communities. These impacts lead to early death, damage to the economy and restrain individual progress. Every country needs to take urgent responsibility for defending the rights of individuals with mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1753963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37906931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration, cultural capital and acculturation.","authors":"Dinesh Bhugra,&nbsp;Cameron Watson,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1733786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1733786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migration is not a recent phenomenon. Human beings have moved around the globe for numerous reasons over past millennia and will continue to do so. Moving to a new culture, especially if there are differences in primary language, diet, dress etc can create difficulties in acculturation. Migrant experience is not homogenous during the process or in settling down post-migration. Individuals migrate alone, with families or in groups and do so for a number of reasons, e.g. educational, economic, socio-political or as a result of natural or manmade disasters. Each individual has their own culture and cultural capital which they carry with them wherever they go. Cultural capital needs to be differentiated from social capital although some common features persist. Cultural capital is shown to have three sources - objective, institutionalized and embodied. Each of these is likely to play a role in acculturation though some sources may be more effective than others. It is important to understand the role cultural capital plays in acculturation and positive settling down. It should be possible to use strengths of cultural capital to reduce post-migration distress. In this paper we present a potential model in understanding the role cultural capital can play in the acculturative processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"126-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1733786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37722251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for primary health care-based telemental health in a low-to middle-income country: the case of Lebanon.","authors":"Hady Naal,&nbsp;Emile Whaibeh,&nbsp;Hossam Mahmoud","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2020.1766867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1766867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant efforts have been conducted to improve access to Mental Health Services (MHS) and reduce the burden of Mental Health Disorders (MHD) in Low-to Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). However, important challenges to accessing MHS still exist and limit improvements. Telemental Health (TMH), a modality that delivers remote MHS provides an ideal solution to complement existing efforts; however, there are limited reports on its implementation in developing countries such as Lebanon. This study presents the first roadmap for TMH applicability in Lebanon, with a focus on the Primary Health Care (PHC) setting, which has international relevance. We review existing guidelines and contextualise them to the Lebanese setting by addressing essential components for implementation. In specific, we shed light on 6 aspects: (1) patient population, (2) technological guidelines, (3) clinical guidelines, (4) administrative guidelines, (5) workforce, and (6) monitoring and evaluation. In addition, we acknowledge the important role of governmental efforts in setting the infrastructural and regulatory aspects for TMH practice. We provide guidance for public health professionals, government officials, and clinicians looking to adopt TMH practice in Lebanon or other countries with similar development and cultural landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09540261.2020.1766867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37981580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}