International Journal of Surgery: Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Xanthogranulomatous mastitis: a rare entity presenting with breast lump and mimicking fibroadenoma in a young female","authors":"Kshitiz Acharya, Nejina Rijal, Karishma Kathayat, Amrit Bhusal, Kavita Karmacharya, Naveen C. Bhatta","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000435","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Xanthogranulomatous mastitis is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammation of breast tissue, characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells, lipid-laden foamy macrophages, and cholesterol crystals. The breast is an extremely rare location for xanthogranulomatous inflammation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The authors describe a case of xanthogranulomatous mastitis in a 26-year-old female patient who presented with a 4×5 cm lump in her right breast. After ultrasonography (revealed a well-circumscribed hypoechoic lesion, with increased vascularity), and surgical consultation, an excisional biopsy was done, and sent for histopathologic examination, which showed features suggestive of xanthogranulomatous mastitis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Xanthogranulomatous mastitis, clinically as well as radiologically mimics some other conditions of breast like breast cancer, or fibroadenoma. Ultrasonography usually reveals a well-circumscribed hypoechoic lesion, with increased vascularity, and mammography usually shows BIRADs 3 to 5. Diagnosis is usually based on histopathologic findings of multinucleated giant cells, lipid-laden foamy macrophages, and cholesterol crystals. Treatment is usually surgical excision.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Though xanthogranulomatous inflammations are rare in the breast, they must be considered a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with various breast symptoms like lump, pain, or features of breast malignancy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"113 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic evaluation of PanBio, and standard Q COVID-19 rapid antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional study from Nepal","authors":"Gopal K. Yadav, Praju Karki, Amar Raut, Prativa Subedi, Saurav Aryal, Rama Tamrakar, Binod Paudel, A. D. K. Bastola, Smeena Pradhananga, D. Rohita, Pramod Kafle, Aayush Shrestha, M. P. Oli, Ajay K. Yadav, Sanjeev K. Sharma","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000438","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was time-consuming and costly, contributing to rampant transmission, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of two rapid antigen diagnostic tests (RDTs, PanBio and Standard Q) against real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 1171 suspected COVID-19 patients at a provincial hospital in Nepal. Each participant provided two nasopharyngeal swabs, one for RDT and the other for rRT-PCR, spanning a total duration of four months. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of each RDT, as well as the combined antigen-RDT, were determined in reference to the rRT-PCR status.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The sensitivity and specificity of PanBio were 60.87% (95% CI: 55.84–65.74) and 98.43% (95% CI: 96.80–99.37), respectively, while that of Standard Q was 59.83% (95% CI: 53.16–66.23) and 96.15% (95% CI: 90.44–98.94), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of PanBio were 97.14 and 74.20%, respectively, and that of Standard Q were 97.16 and 52.08%. The positive likelihood ratio was higher for PanBio (38.87, 95% CI: 18.56–81.41) than for Standard Q (15.55, 95% CI: 5.92–40.90). Meanwhile, the negative likelihood ratio was more than 0.40 for both RDTs. The accuracy for PanBio, Standard Q, and combined RDTs were 80.91% (95% CI: 78.08–83.52), 71.17% (95% CI: 65.98–75.98), and 78.14% (95% CI: 75.66–80.48), respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 RDTs exhibited unsatisfactory sensitivity and positive predictive value, rendering them ineffective as a screening tool. Nonetheless, they demonstrated excellent specificity and negative predictive value. Hence, a negative test result almost entirely excludes the possibility of infection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"31 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies and effects on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization","authors":"Nagham Halki, Naram Khalayli, Ghina Haidar, Waeel Al Halaki, Maysoun Kudsi, Rouaida Abou Samra, Marwan Alhalabi","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000416","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The problem of infertility is common worldwide. IVF remains the most widely used technique of assisted reproductive technology. Embryo implantation failure is a common cause of unexplained infertility and recurrent miscarriages, thus the relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies and embryo implantation failure after IVF and embryo transfer is an important problem in fertility medicine that must be studied.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective and prospective (bidirectional) cohort study were conducted at the Laboratory Department of the Faculty of Medicine, and Hospital from June 2017 to June 2021. The sample size was 1000 participants, 900 of them were retrospective (2017–2020), and 100 were prospective (2020–2021). Data was collected, including patients’ demographics, type and duration of fertility, and antiphospholipid antibody values. Inclusion criteria-Women <40 years old, undergoing IVF, and in the retrospective study, patients who undergo IVF and who have antibody data, positivity of phospholipids, and/or anticardiolipin, and/or B2 glycoprotein I, and the presence of the gestational sac on ultrasound as a criterion for pregnancy. We performed a PTT LA for the control group in a cohort study (20 healthy women), then a PTT LA test, and the blending test were performed, and the values were considered positive if the correction was not made. The PTT LA test is a screening test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The average age of the women was 31.91, the success rate of assisted fertilization in inducing pregnancy in the last trial was 52.8%, the prevalence was 4.4% of anticardiolipin IgG, 2.6% of anticardiolipin IgM, and 4% of Lupus anticoagulant. No relation was found between the antiphospholipid value and the age of the women, the number of times the experiment was conducted, the rate of success and failure, the type of infertility, and the number of oocytes induction, while the duration of sterility was affected by positive values of IgG and lupus coagulant antibodies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There is no need for a routine antiphospholipid assay for female candidates for IVF, and when it is confirmed, treatment is required by Anticoagulants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"92 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surging cholera epidemic in Africa: a review of the current epidemiology, challenges and strategies for control","authors":"Lukman Lawal, Opeyemi P Amosu, A. O. Lawal, Yusuf Hassan Wada, A. O. Abdulkareem, Abdulrahman K. Shuaib, Tawakalitu A. Jaji, A. B. Mogaji, Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Sodiq G. Adeoti, Ahmad O. Buhari","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000440","url":null,"abstract":"Africa, a known region with abundant warm coastal waters and a natural reservoir for Vibrio cholera, is known to bear the highest burden of cholera morbidity and mortality globally. Malawi is currently experiencing the deadliest cholera outbreak in two decades, and neighbouring countries, Mozambique and Zambia, have also reported significant numbers of cases. If the current trend of cholera transmission is sustained, the number of fatalities recorded in 2021, Africa’s deadliest year for cholera over the past decade, might be exceeded. This article aims to review the current epidemiology, prevention and control strategies, and treatment of cholera in Africa to highlight context-specific challenges and recommend possible solutions. The authors found out that cholera outbreaks in Africa are taking place in the midst of epidemics (measles, mumps, etc.) and natural disasters like cyclones and flooding (Mozambique, Malawi), drought (Kenya, and Ethiopia), and conflict (Cameroon, the DR Congo, Nigeria, and Ethiopia). The shortages of medical supplies like cholera kits and oral cholera vaccines in many countries due to constrained and limited resources and antibiotic resistance further make management and control difficult. The outbreak is spreading throughout the region because of poor sanitation, unsafe water supplies, and increased cross-border travel. Cholera in Africa follows a seasonal pattern, suggesting specific periods for heightened outbreak preparedness and response. The authors suggest a targeted multisectorial approach and a coordinated mechanism to respond to the epidemic through sustained political will, formidable partnerships, resource mobilisation, and the provision of technical support and advocacy at sub-national, national, and international levels.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battle against the dengue epidemic: Pakistan’s ongoing struggle","authors":"Fnu Venjhraj, Mukesh Kumar, Sangeeta Davi, Rohet Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, M. O. Oduoye, U. O. Arama","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A molecular breakthrough: early detection of adenocarcinoma with HPV DNA methylation","authors":"Laiba Shakeel, Ayesha Shaukat, Aymar Akilimali","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the silent threat: echinococcosis in Tanzania and the imperative of knowledge, attitudes, and practices","authors":"William Nkenguye","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000429","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and perspective in the fight against tuberculosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Aymar Akilimali, Hugues Cakwira, Chrispin Biamba, M. O. Oduoye, Fabrice Kibukila, Leonard Sironge, Michel K. Mirindi, Styves Banga, Jones Onesime, C. A. Irenge, Ibad Ur Rehman, Olivier Nyakio","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"150 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising rates of conjunctivitis in Pakistan: epidemic, challenges, solutions, and recommendations","authors":"Ashna Habib, Zainab Nazir, Tooba Ali, Aymar Akilimali","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerulonephritis as a renal manifestation in a patient with systemic sclerosis overlapped with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","authors":"Maysoun Kudsi, Yara Hodaifa, Raghad Tarcha, Rahaf Almajzoub, Suaad Hamsho, Afraa Ghazal","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000418","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic immune disorder that may overlap with other rheumatologic disease; however, overlapping with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is rare.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 28-year-old Syrian male patient with SSc diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism 2013 criteria with a disease duration of 4 years, was admitted to the hospital complaining of palpable purpura in the lower limbs and hemoptysis and later, a rise in creatinine level. Laboratory tests showed high levels of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA). The renal biopsy results were consistent with the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. He was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, as he was diagnosed with SSc overlapping antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 SSc most commonly renal manifestations are proliferative vasculopathy leading to scleroderma renal crisis. However, other types of renal involvement were also reported in SSc patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases such as glomerulonephritis and signs of concurrent vasculitis. SSc may overlap with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythromatosus, polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), and Sjogren Syndrome. Overlapping with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is mentioned in rare cases.\u0000 The authors reported a rare case of overlapping SSc with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal involvement.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The authors revealed a rare case of overlapping SSc with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal involvement. In SSc, renal involvement as glomerulonephritis is infrequent and should be detect in other rheumatologic disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}