Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Improving EEG Electrode Sensitivity with Graphene Nano Powder and Neural Network for Schizophrenia Diagnosis","authors":"V. Divya, Dr. S. Sendil Kumar, S. Usha, S. Hemamalini, Gokula Krishnan","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Hallucinations and delusions are symptoms of schizophrenia. Due to persistent auditory and visual hallucinations, a person with schizophrenia cannot process reality clearly. Abnormal brain activity results from delusion and hallucination. During the capture of EEG signals, aberrant behavior is detected. The EEG electrodes do not well detect the brain's current distribution. Schizophrenia causes the EEG signal to be warped and less sensitive, which results in incorrect interpretation of brain activity. In this paper, an EEG electrode constructed of graphene nanopowder is suggested that is sensitive to the brain's weak electrical activity. The cold spray approach created graphene EEG electrodes, improving the material bonding and chemical characteristics. By obtaining EEG readings from schizophrenic patients, the sensitivity of the graphene electrode was assessed. The EEG signal was collected from the subject when taking part in cognitive tests like question sessions and numerical problems. Several neural networks (NN) algorithms can be used to identify hallucination and delusion aspects in EEG recordings. Further details regarding the hallucination and delusion aspects in the EEG signal were provided by the NN, showing a Graphene electrode. As compared to other NN models, the comparative study of several NN models revealed that the BFGS quasi-Newtonian backpropagation algorithm accurately recognized hallucination and delusion features.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44613089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Behavior of Hollow Beam Reinforced with Different types of GFRP stirrups","authors":"Ammar K. Badawi, Yasser I. O. Yahia, A. I. Abdulla","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The structure could be impacted by concrete's steel reinforcement corroding. When exceptional corrosion resistance capabilities are required, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements offer a practical choice for constructions exposed to hostile environments. However, only a small number of the building's most important structural components are currently permitted to use FRP bars as interior concrete reinforcement, leaving the rest of the building unprotected. This is due to the lack of available curved or shaped reinforcing FRP pieces, which have subpar structural performance. Eighteen concrete beams with dimensions (1200×225×150) mm were divided into three groups and each group had five beams with three References and five different types of stirrups in each group and tested them up to failure. The first group included longitudinal reinforcing steel bars 6Ø10mm, the second group longitudinal reinforcing GFRP bars 6Ø10mm, and the third group longitudinal reinforced with hybrid (3steel+ 3GFRP) bars 6Ø10mm. All beams are self-compacting concrete with a longitudinal hollow with dimensions (50×100) mm. The results showed that the ultimate load of a hollow beam reinforced with steel reinforcement is less than a solid beam reinforced with steel (reference 1) by (15%) and a hollow beam reinforcing with GFRP reinforcement is less than a solid beam reinforced with GFRP (reference 2) by (5%), and a hollow beam hybrid reinforced with (Steel+ GFRP) reinforcement is less than a solid beam reinforced with GFRP (reference 3) by (4%).","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Thermal Performance of a Heat Exchanger using a New Passive Technology","authors":"Manar Hameed, H. Mohammed, M. R. Abdullah","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the oscillation technique was applied in a multi-tube heat exchanger with baffles. The Nusselt number was investigated in the heat exchanger (HE) over a wide range of operating conditions, Reynolds number (Re =205-3200), and oscillatory flow Reynolds number (Reo =0-3800). The results showed a significant enhancement in the tube-side Nusselt number, Nu. 5-fold heat transfer enhancement was achieved at maximum oscillatory and flow rates, the maximum Nu=180 at Re =1500 and Reo=3800. The flow rate had more impact on the heat transfer enhancement than the oscillatory flow by 1.25 when Re>1000. The thermal performance of the heat exchanger, TH, was also evaluated. TH decreased with the increasing flow rate and oscillatory flow due to the increase in the ΔP due to the increase in the mixing intensity. A high value of the thermal performance, TH=4.5, was achieved at Re=205, Reo=1500. According to the literature, this TH value indicated a significant improvement in heat transfer enhancement.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49659967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification of Biodiesel via Nanofluid using Liquid-Liquid Extraction in a Membrane Contactor","authors":"H. Mohammed, Suad H. Ahmed, A. A. Abdulkarim","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, attention has been paid to nanofluids due to their contribution to enhancing heat and mass transfer in different industrial applications. Consequently, a nanofluid composed of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and distilled water as base fluid was adopted as a solvent to promote the removal of impurities, methanol, and glycerol, from crude biodiesel using liquid-liquid extraction in the membrane contactor. The presence of NPs significantly enhanced the methanol and glycerol removal efficiency. The optimum concentration of NPs in nanofluid was 0.01 wt%. It was found that adding 0.01 wt% of NPs to the distilled water increased the methanol removal efficiency from 76.4% to 93.1% upon using crude biodiesel with methanol and glycerol content of 2000 ppm and 1 wt%, respectively, at a constant flow rate of solvent and biodiesel of 200 mL min⎼1. Meanwhile, the glycerol removal efficiency increased from 76.2% to 94.5%. The results revealed that the solvent flow rate was the controlling mass transfer step.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45374831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Partial Replacement of Ordinary Aggregate by Plastic Waste Aggregate on Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete","authors":"Zhyan Abdulqadir, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Different properties of Self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing plastic waste aggregate (PWA) have been experimentally studied by researchers. However, most of these works focused on examining the properties of one type of PA. In the present paper, the influence of four different types; namely Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Heat-treated plastic (PEL), Mixed plastic (Mix), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a fine aggregate (FA) replacement; on fresh properties of SCC was examined. Results indicated that changing the PWA geometry influenced different properties of SCC. All concrete samples with PVC and PEL plastic were in the range of EFNARC classification (classified in VS2/PA2 class), causing no blocking in V-funnel and L-box test. Meanwhile, mixed plastic up to 7.5% and PET up to 5% fall within VS2/VF2 class; otherwise, the mixture was outside the range of EFNRAC standards. The best plastic waste aggregate regarding all new properties was PVC confirming all requirements for a successful SCC, causing no blocking or segregation. Thus, 10% was selected as the optimum percentage. Furthermore, PET was the worst, for PET-7.5% significant increase in the V-funnel (57.6 sec) and reduction in H2/H1 ratio (0.58) was obtained besides blocking in L-box tests, segregation, and bleeding in slump flow test. Thus, more than 5% is not recommended when using PET in Self-compacting concrete.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Quality of the Groundwater and the Nitrate Exposure, North Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq","authors":"S. H. Ahmed, A. Ibrahim, M. Abed","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater quality is a topic that concerns millions of people because it is essential for agriculture and drinking. As a result, this paper aims to assess the groundwater quality of the northern region of Salah al-Din Governorate (Bayji as a case study) and the health risks posed by nitrate ions to infants, children, and adults living in villages. Samples were taken from 30 wells in the industrial district of the Baiji area in April 2022. Two water quality indices were applied to determine whether groundwater can be used for drinking and irrigation or not. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) found that 96.67% of the water samples were poor, and 3.33% were abysmal. Based on the values of the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), the tested water quality ranged from medium to high. In addition, the study required assessing the health risks posed by nitrate ions in the groundwater to residents. According to the oral hazard quotient (HQoral) calculation results, 93.33 and 96.67 % of the water samples were below one, indicating no health risks for children or infants. However, 6.67 and 3.33% of the total samples were above one, indicating health risks. All HQoral values were less than one when it came to the health effects of nitrates on adults, indicating that there were no risks. Because the Hazard Quotient (HQdermal) through the dermal pathway was less than one, showering posed no health risks for adults, children, or infants.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43200391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Signal Coordination on the Traffic Operation of Urban Corridor","authors":"Zainab Ahmed Alkaissi","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The severity of traffic congestion has increased in Baghdad city and influenced the public’s perception of the community. Extended travel time is experienced by users of the urban street system, so optimal traffic operation with a coordinated traffic signal system becomes necessary. Also, it is needed to alleviate congestion and progress traffic movement along the urban corridor. This study aims to evaluate and optimize traffic signal timing for selected intersections on Palestine arterial corridor and apply the coordinated signal system to reduce the users’ travel time on the selected urban corridor. Analyzing and evaluating congested signalized intersections using Synchro (ver.9) (Al-Nakhala intersection, Al-Sakhra intersection, and Beirut intersection) were performed. Also, their adopted strategies for improving traffic performance and reducing delays were provided. The overall assessment in terms of the level of service for the current traffic states is (LOS F) with an average control delay of (197.2, 166.8, and 262.3) sec/veh. for the Al-Nakhala, Al-Sakhra, and Beirut intersections respectively. The queue length appears after two cycles, becoming more severe congestion at intersections under oversaturated traffic conditions. The performance operation efficiency improved by reducing the control delay from (197.2 to 88) sec/veh, (166.8 to 46) sec/veh, and (262.3 to 76) sec/veh for the Al-Nakhala, Al-Sakhra, and Beirut intersections respectively. Even at high volume and oversaturated conditions, the blocked intersections were effectively alleviated. Finally, it was observed that the proposed signal coordination, built on standard actuated control significantly performed along the urban corridor, reducing vehicles’ delay. However, there are still concerns regarding the flow-to-capacity ratio (v/c ratio is still greater than 1), and the level of service is still in poor conditions (LOS E) for Beirut and (LOS F) for Al-Nakhala intersections. The application of signal coordination improved traffic progression by reducing travel time, and vehicle delay and alleviating blocked intersections.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46299019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of Multilayer Ferrocement Slab Containing Treated Sponge Layer Core","authors":"Sa’ad Fahad Resan, M. Alrubaie, Hayder Alkhazraji, Enas Naser Mohsen, Fatima Salam Zaghair, Karar Khudair Hashem","doi":"10.25130/tjes.30.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigates the structural performance of lightweight concrete panels produced using ferrocement (wire-meshed), hybrid (wire-meshed and steel fiber), and sponge-cementitious immersed layers. These panels presented a novel approach to producing a lightweight concrete panel to be used as an alternative to the traditional Jack-arch masonry slab system. The panels were made in dimensions of 600mm length(l), 200mm width (w), and 54mm thickness (h), using locally available sponge materials and super cementitious mortar incorporated with ferrocement layers. To determine the proper thickness of a sponge layer to be used in panel manufacturing, a material characterization was performed. The obtained results from the material characterization indicated a significant reduction in the density compared with the conventional Jack-arch slab system. The sponge core thickness positively affected the developmental compressive strength. For all sponge thickness modes, the density of developed sponging concrete was within the acceptance criteria of lightweight structural concrete. The average density of developing sponge concrete was 15.6 kN/m3, and the average absorption ratio was 14.78 %, while the density of cementitious mortar was 21.96 kN/m3. As for the structural performance of the resulting lightweight concrete panel, the panel with a hybrid layer (incorporating short steel fiber with steel wire mesh) 10mm layer was the best reinforcement method compared with reinforcing with the wire mesh (ferrocement) solely. Furthermore, the findings of this study depicted that the bending moment capacity of the developed lightweight concrete panel was higher than the conventional Jack-arch masonry usually used in traditional residential housing and lower density.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47277645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Operational Parameters for Precision\u0000Rolling Bearings by Cleaning Working Surfaces from Micro\u0000Pollution of Various Nature","authors":"A. Stelmakh, R. Kostyunik, O. Mikosianchyk, A. Kushchev, T. Ibraimov, O. Sydorenko, N. Zaichuk, S. Shymchuk","doi":"10.21272/jes.2023.10(1).a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/jes.2023.10(1).a5","url":null,"abstract":"In manufacturing high-precision rolling bearings for aviation and urban machinery, the key tasks are to reduce the cost of production of such products, increase their efficiency and resource, and ensure their reuse after performing appropriate repair work. The results of many years of research show that these tasks can be successfully solved by cleaning the working surfaces of the parts of such precision tribonodes by non-contact pulse methods, particularly by using variable electromagnetic fields. The article describes the process of deep cleaning the working surfaces of parts of various high-precision ball bearings (from overall to miniature). During this cleaning, ferromagnetic and other impurities in the form of micro-, sub-micro- and nanoparticles were removed on a developed stand that can be used on an industrial scale. Further studies of cleaned bearings showed improved operational parameters such as reduced noise and vibration and the degree of magnetization. To achieve the specified results, appropriate cleaning methods were developed and tested.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"40 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77363087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Point Defects Formation in the Fuel Element\u0000of a Nuclear Power Plant’s Wave Reactor","authors":"V. V. Opyatyuk, I. Kozlov, K. Karchev, S. V. Vistiak, O. I. Kozlov, R. Turmanidze","doi":"10.21272/jes.2023.10(1).f2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/jes.2023.10(1).f2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the point defects that influence the operation of a wav nuclear power reactor with a uranium fuel medium. The formed individual point defects or such defect groups can produce a perturbing effect on the stability of the nuclear reactor operating mode and involve its transition to an unstable state. Studies have been carried out on the effect on the characteristics of the nuclear burnup wave in a medium with neutron multiplication for 2D geometry. For the calculation, the uranium-thorium fissile medium has been considered. The parametric calculations were carried out with 235 U different enrichment percents and different values of neutron activation energy. At that, it was assumed that the wave (flow) reactor stable operation region is located in the range of activation energies from 10–3 eV to 1 eV or in the region from 2 MeV to 8 MeV. When calculating the neutron flux intensity in a wave reactor, the influence of point defects and their aggregates on the decelerating elastically scattered neutrons’ flux density and the flux density of decelerating non-elastically scattered neutrons was considered. The dependences of the point defects formation rate on the medium fissile temperature for several compositions of the uranium-thorium medium are obtained. As visually identified, the graphic materials obtained during the calculations are similar to the photos of fuel rods after the energy campaign.","PeriodicalId":30589,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"78 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77662293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}