Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"SIMULIUM (NEVERMANNIA) BONNINENSE FROM THE OGASAWARA (BONIN) ISLANDS, JAPAN (DIPTERA : SLMULIIDAE) TAXONOMIC ASSIGNMENT TO THE VERNUM-GROUP AND DESCRIPTIONS OF MALE, PUPA AND MATURE LARVA","authors":"H. Takaoka, Katsumi Saito, Hiroshi Suzuki","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.189","url":null,"abstract":"Descriptions and illustrations of male, pupa and mature larva of a black-fly species, Simulium (Nevermannia) bonninense (Shiraki, 1935), from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands in Japan are given for the first time; the female adult is also redescribed. Within the subgenus Nevermannia, this species is assigned to the vernum-group by the combination of the following characters : male genitalia with a lamellate ventral plate without median keel, an elongate style with a large, broad, inwardly-twisted apex, a single parameral hook per side, and an inverted Y-shaped median sclerite; pupal gill with four slender filaments per side; and larval mandible with supernumerary serrations. Interestingly, this species has the katepisternum haired in both sexes of adults, female genital fork with a prominent projection directed forwards on each arm, and pupal frons with two trichomes on each side, all of which are rare in this species-group. Brief notes on adult blood-feeding, and larval habitats of S. (N.) bonninense are given.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122845094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON SIMULIUM (GOMPHOSTILBIA) PALAUENSE (DIPTERA : SIMULIIDAE) FROM PALAU, MICRONESIA, WITH REDESCRIPTIONS OF ADULTS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PUPA AND MATURE LARVA","authors":"H. Takaoka, D. Craig","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.195","url":null,"abstract":"Redescriptions for the female and male, and descriptions for the pupa and mature larva, of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) palauense Stone are given based on reared adults and immature stages recently collected from Palau, Micronesia. S. palauense has several remarkable pupal and larval characters, which have not (or very rarely) been found in any other species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia, such as, in the pupa, the reduced number (i.e., four) of the gill filaments and the absence of spine-combs on the abdomen; in the larva, the presence of serrations on the lateral margins of the hypostomium, supernumerary mandibular serrations, and accessory sclerites, and the absence of a postgenal cleft. Ecological notes on immature stages are also given.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129180296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVOLVEMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL IN BANGLADESH","authors":"M. A. Islam, Yasuhide Nakamura, Som‐arch Wongkhomthong, S. Chowdhury, N. Ishikawa","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.167","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. It is estimated that about 52, 000 deaths due to tuberculosis and 300, 000 new tuberculosis cases occurred in 1997 in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), a Bangladeshi non government organization is implementing a community based program for tuberculosis since 1984 in collaboration with the national tuberculosis program. Community health workers are the nucleus of this initiative. All of them are female and selected from rural community. They identify suspected persons for sputum test and provide treatment to the patients in their own community. In the middle of 1998 this program was reviewed, and the achievements in 1996 and 1997 were analyzed. Treatment outcomes were evaluated through cohort analysis according to WHO/International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) guidelines. Outcome indicators defined by WHO/IUATLD were used. A total of 7, 946 patients were detected in 34 thanas in 1996 and 1997. Out of them, 6, 163 (77.6%) were new sputum positive patients. Their sputum conversion and cure rates were about 90% and 86.7% respectively. This program has achieved the WHO target of 85% cure rate. Community health workers are playing a key role to control tuberculosis in this approach. Thus this model could reduce burden on health facilities, reduce patient's costs and increase case detection and cure rate.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129887229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE EVALUATION OF A COMMUNITY-BASED MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAM IN PALAWAN, THE PHILIPPINES","authors":"P. Tongol-Rivera, S. Kano, Elena A. Villacorte, Alldrin Darilag, E. Miguel, Mamoru Suzuki","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.161","url":null,"abstract":"Seroepidemiology has several proven applications in malaria endemic areas. In this study, it was used to assess the effectiveness of a community-based malaria control program in the focus of malaria transmission. The first serological survey was done before the implementation of a community-based malaria control program (pre-intervention), and the second one was done after 5 years of intervention in the study area. Comparison of the distribution of the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers showed a reduction in the high titer-responses after the intervention. Moreover, there was a statistically significant reduction in the geometric mean reciprocal titer (GMRT) after the intervention. These findings were suggestive of a reduction in malaria transmission resulting from the intervention. Results of a parallel parasitologic study revealed the same findings. Therefore, seroepidemiology, when used to complement the parasitologic measurement, is valuable in monitoring the effectiveness of malaria control measures.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132529076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Schistosomiasis Japonica among Schoolchildren and Animal Reservoirs in Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.","authors":"J. Matsumoto, M. Kirinoki, S. Kawai, Y. Chigusa, E. Ilagan, B. Ducusin, K. Yasuraoka, H. Matsuda","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.175","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was conducted in Oriental Mindoro, Philippines in 1997 and 1998 for the purpose of estimating the current situation of schistosomiasis japonica in the area. The prevalence rate in schoolchil dren determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting the parasite egg-specific immuno-globulin G revealed that the disease was more highly endemic in Malabo (70.7%) than in the other villages studied (31.8% in San Pedro and 36.4% in San Narciso), in spite of the fact that all of these villages were located near to each other. The prevalence rates determined by stool examination or necropsy of animal reservoirs in San Pedro, San Narciso and Malabo were as follows; dogs : 9.7%, 7.4% and 19.2%; rats : 10.4%, 8.7% and 26.1%, respectively. Water buffaloes were all negative in all villages. These results showed that the prevalences of schistosomiasis japonica in animal reservoirs have intimate correlation with that in schoolchildren. In Malabo, the colonies of intermediate-host snails were located very close to the resident area, which might be the major cause of high prevalence of the disease.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125714805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF A RECOMBINANT PROTEIN (RTC24) AND SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES IN ANTI-TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI POSITIVE SAMPLES FROM BLOOD BANK DONORS IN CHAGASIC ENDEMIC AREAS OF ECUADOR","authors":"A. Guevara, C. JuanCRuiz, R. Houghton, L. Reynolds, P. Sleath, D. Benson, A. Ouaissi, R. Guderian","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.19","url":null,"abstract":"Chagas' disease, caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, affects around 17 million people in Central and South America (WHO, 1997) . The main route of transmission involves T cruzi infected triatomine insect bites, but other mechanisms of transmission such as blood transfusion or blood derived products have been reported to be responsible for fatal cases of acute Chagas' disease (Villalba et al., 1992) . Improved vector control by insecticide spraying and better management of blood banks in endemic areas are essential to reduce the disease transmission. Transfusion-associated transmission is not only a threat in the endemic countries but also in non-endemic areas due to migration of T. cruzi-infected individuals (Kirchoff, 1993) and the serological screening of blood banks could reduce the transfusion-associated transmission, avoiding the transportation of contaminated blood with the parasite. Actually, the use of serological screening in disease control is hindered by the cost of the assays and the sensitivity and secificity of the antigens used. Recently, with the development of the DNA technology, highly specific and sensitive recombinant antigens (Taibi et al., 1995) , as well as T. cruzi specific synthetic peptides, have been useful in the diagnosis of Chagas' disease (Burns Jr. et al., 1992) . In Ecuador, although Chagas' disease has been known to exist since 1927 (Arteaga, 1930) , the true prevalence of the disease is still unknown. In the country, blood bank screening for Chagas' disease is mandatory but testing in blood banks located in endemic areas is not regular. Recently, blood donors were found to be positive for antiT . cruzi antibodies in a vector-free region and even in non-endemic areas of the country (Grijalva et al., 1995, 1997) . Therefore, the screening of blood bank donors is a necessity in Ecuador. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of antiT . cruzi antibodies in Ecuadorian blood banks from two areas endemic for Chagas' disease. Serum samples from blood donors of the Red Cross Blood Bank of Guayaquil, province of Guayas (n= 1,423) , and from the Blood Bank of Machala, province of El Oro (n = 203) , were obtained during the period from March to June 1996 (Figure 1) . The samples were randomly collected and no distinction was made between volunteers, paid and frequently members. These samples collected were stored at -20°C until used. Total lysate obtained from T . cruzi epimastigotes","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"38 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125735661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO PARASTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN HUMAN SERA BY GELATIN PARTICLE INDIRECT AGGLUTINATION TEST","authors":"P. Eamsobhana, D. Watthanakulpanich, P. Punthuprapasa, A. Yoolek, Somkuan Suvuttho","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.1","url":null,"abstract":"A newly developed agglutination test using gelatin particles as an antigen carrier (GPAT) was compared with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Parastrongylus cantonensis antibodies in sera from patients. A total of 70 sera was used in the study. Of these, 10 each were from patients with parastrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, toxocariasis, filariasis and malaria. The control group consisted of 50 serum samples from normal healthy individuals. The mean reciprocal titer of the parastrongyliasis patients group was significantly higher than that of the normal group as well as those of other parasitic infections. The sensitivity and specificity of the GPAT were 100% and 92.4%, respectively. The results of GPAT in detecting P. cantonensis antibodies appeared to be closely correlated with those obtained with ELISA. The GPAT, however, is more easy, rapid and cheap; it may also be a test of choice for routine immunodiagnosis of human parastrongyliasis.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125768956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INCIDENCE OF FILARIASIS AS A CO-INFECTION IN MALARIA PATIENTS COMING FROM THAI-MYANMAR BORDER BETWEEN 1995-1997","authors":"S. Treeprasertsuk, D. Chindanond, P. Wilairatana, S. Krudsood, V. Bussaratid, R. Glanarongran, Sompan Srinukham, R. Hutagalung, S. Looareesuwan","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.323","url":null,"abstract":"Concomitant infection with malaria and filariasis is known to occur in animals and the coinfection appears to lessen the severity of malaria. We report here the incidence of co-infection with filariasis among 4, 201 malaria patients admitted to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, Thailand, between 1995 and 1997. There were eight patients (0.2%) with microfilariae (all Wuchereria bancrofti) in the peripheral blood smear. Four of the 8 patients had falciparum malaria and two patients among this group had cerebral malaria which responded to treatment without any long term sequelae. The rest four patients, three had vivax malaria while the last one had uncomplicated mixed infection of falciparum and vivax malaria. Filariasis was asymptomatic in all patients and cured with diethylcarbamazine. The eight patients resided along the Thai-Myanmar border, which is known to be endemic for both diseases. Our findings indicate the existence of co-infection of malaria and filariasis in Thailand, especially among patients from the Thai-Myanmar border. From this small number of patients, it is difficult to conclude that filariasis affects the severity of malaria. However, the data does emphasize that early diagnosis and early treatment of both infections is possible.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125844810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY ON VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ISOLATED FROM THE OUTBREAKS OF DIARRHEA IN LAOS, AN INLAND COUNTRY","authors":"T. Yamashiro, S. Insisiengmay, Y. Honma, N. Higa, M. Enami, M. Iwanaga","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.319","url":null,"abstract":"An epidemic of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis with several outbreaks occurred in Vientiane, People's Democratic Republic of Lao (Laos), an inland country in August and September in 1997. Serotypes of the 36 isolated V.parahaemolyticus strains from the patients were all O3 : K6. The organisms grew in peptone water supplemented with 10%NaCl. All isolates were positive for Kanagawa phenomenon, and they were positive for tdh, negative for trh and urease. Genomic patterns were not completely identical, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The causative food was suspected to be a papaya salad containing minced and salted fresh water crab. Although a Kanagawa phenomenon positive V.parahaemolyticus strain was isolated from the suspicious food, the serotype was O2 : K28, tdh and trh were negative.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Studies for Development of Three Different Geographic Strains of Schistosoma japonicum Cercariae in Five Subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis.","authors":"Y. Iwanaga, Kim Mu Lee, P. Fan, M. Tsuji","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.167","url":null,"abstract":"Cercarial maturation time, duration of cercarial emergence and number of cercariae released were studied in five subspecies of laboratory-reared Oncomelania hupensis (Oncomelania hupensis nosophora, O. h. hupensis, O. h. formosana, O. h. chiui and O. h. quadrasi) infected with three different geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum. O. h. nosophora, O. h. hupensis and O. h. formosana were the most suitable host snails for the Japanese, Chinese and Taiwanese strains of S. japonicum, respectively. The cercarial maturation time in the most suitable host snails were 8 weeks for the Taiwanese strain of S. japonicum and 10 weeks for the Japanese and Chinese strains after exposure to 5 miracidia. The duration of cercarial emergence were 9 weeks for the Taiwanese strain, 17 weeks for the Chinese strain and 16 weeks for the Japanese strain. The duration of cercarial emergence was similar in the remaining subspecies, but the maturation time of cercariae was longer. For numbers of cercariae emergenced from snails, the most suitable host snails had a tendency to released more cercariae than the remaining snails.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116142957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}