{"title":"Molecular evidence of Theileria orientalis infection in cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"O. Stevanović, A. Radalj","doi":"10.2298/vetgl220708001s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl220708001s","url":null,"abstract":"There are no data on the distribution of oriental theileriosis in cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the first time, a possible endemic focus of Theileria orientalis infection was confirmed in specific areas of Pale municipality, Sarajevo-Romanija region, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Selective sampling included 30 cattle from 10 smallholder farms in several locations in Pale municipality. The total of 30 whole blood samples were screened for the presence of piroplasms using commercial PCR. Positive PCR products were sequenced in both directions, the sequences were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was created. Piroplasm (Babesia/Theileria-specific) DNA fragments were detected in 13/30 examined cattle (43%). At the farm level, PCR-positive animals were identified in 6/10 examined farms (60%). Upon sequence analysis, the species Theileria orientalis was confirmed. This survey reports a high rate of PCR-positive cases of bovine piroplasmosis and provides the first description of Theileria orientalis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Glišić, L. Veljović, B. Milovanovic, M. Ninković, Jelena Maletic, B. Kureljušić, V. Milićević
{"title":"Overview of non-invasive sampling methods used in intensive swine farming","authors":"D. Glišić, L. Veljović, B. Milovanovic, M. Ninković, Jelena Maletic, B. Kureljušić, V. Milićević","doi":"10.2298/vetgl230614004g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl230614004g","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the health of swine herds is essential to ensure good manufacturing practices. Traditionally, active and passive surveillance on farms involved invasive sampling methods, where specific animals were selected, restrained, and sampled. However, with the increasing intensity of swine production, alternative methods for effective herd surveillance became necessary. Non-invasive sampling provides a convenient and cost-effective approach to monitor the entire herd without compromising animal welfare, while still obtaining suitable samples for testing. Oral fluids have been widely used in both human and livestock health surveillance for various viral pathogens, including significant diseases. Nasal wipes (NW) utilize different cloth materials soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or tissue culture medium with antibiotics and antimycotics to sample for swine influenza virus (SIV). Udder skin wipes (USW) offer an alternative method to assess the health status of piglets in a litter. During routine procedures such as tail docking and castration, a mixture of blood and serum can be collected, known as process fluids (PF), which has proven successful in monitoring herds for the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Furthermore, air sampling has emerged as a novel technique to detect pathogens in various farming systems and animal species. This method offers the advantage of obtaining diagnostic samples without direct animal contact. By employing these non-invasive sampling methods, swine producers can implement effective surveillance strategies while maintaining animal welfare standards and obtaining reliable diagnostic information.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Branko Angjelovski, Aleksandar Janevski, Elena Atanaskova-Petrov, Clara Orenga, Jovan Bojkovski
{"title":"Serological profile and pleurisy lesions associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pig farms in North Macedonia","authors":"Branko Angjelovski, Aleksandar Janevski, Elena Atanaskova-Petrov, Clara Orenga, Jovan Bojkovski","doi":"10.2298/vetgl23040305a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl23040305a","url":null,"abstract":"Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is one of the most important swine respiratory pathogens that causes porcine pleuropneumonia and massive financial losses in pig industry. The objective of this study was to investigate App infection in five pig herds from North Macedonia experiencing clinical respiratory infections by serological testing and a slaughterhouse pleurisy evaluation system (SPES). In total, 250 blood samples were taken from pigs aged 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 weeks. Ten animals per age category from each farm were sampled and analyzed for presence of antibodies against App. At the slaughterhouse, 50 lungs per herd from slaughtered age pigs were scored by the SPES for the presence of lesions associated with chronic pleurisy. The overall seroprevalence to App was 65.6%, ranging from 34% to 98% at the farm level. The highest seroprevalence was found in 6-week-old pigs in all farms, while significant differences were observed between farms in the 10-, 14-, 18-, and 22-week-old pig groups. Pleurisy associated with App was found in 26.4% of all examined lungs, with the mean SPES score being 0.75 (0.14 - 1.10). The percentage of SPES scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 in all lungs were 73.4%, 1.6%, 8.8%, 8.4%, and 7.6% respectively. A significant difference in mean SPES score was obtained between two farms. High seroprevalences of App detected on the tested farms were probably due to constant natural infection. The highest seroprevalences, measured in the youngest pigs, could be due to maternally-derived antibodies. Higher seroprevalence against App and lower SPES scores in some farms suggests immunity resulting from infection by corresponding field serotypes.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135952826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hussam Aryan, Omar Mardenli, Ioan Groza, Liviu Bogdan
{"title":"Effect of method and media type for in vitro fertilization on equine (Equus ferus caballus) embryo development","authors":"Hussam Aryan, Omar Mardenli, Ioan Groza, Liviu Bogdan","doi":"10.2298/vetgl230304006a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl230304006a","url":null,"abstract":"Demonstrating the role of in vitro fertilization in the equine family, the current study aimed to monitor the rates of equine in vitro-fertilized and cleaved oocytes based on microdroplet and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) methods. The fertilization process was carried out in four main media consisting of Tyrod?s albumin lactate pyruvate and TCM-199 (1:1): F (TCM-199); assigned for the ICSI method, FI (contained 0.01 mg/ml heparin + 0.01 ng/ml hypotaurine), FII (contained 0.3 mg/ml calcium chloride + 0.1 mg/ml magnesium chloride) and FIII (contained 0.05 mg/ml hypotaurine-epinephrine). The results indicated an increase in the fertilization rate by the ICSI method (65.71%) compared to the microdroplet method (39.25%) (p 0.04). The rates of unfertilized and degenerated oocytes in the ICSI method decreased, compared to the microdroplet method, to 8.57% and 25.72%, respectively; p< 0.001. The rate of fertilized oocytes in the FI medium increased to 47.61% (p< 0.05) compared to oocytes of FII and FIII treatments (37.64% and 30.00%, respectively). On in vitro culture, the rate of cleavage increased to 74.62% in the CI medium (SOF) compared to those in the CII medium (DMEM-F12) (61.29%); p <0.001. Zygotes cultured in the CII medium achieved a higher rate of blastocyst formation (30%) compared to those in the CI medium (26.31%); p< 0.001. Applying the ICSI method and SOF culture media led to high yields of equine embryos.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136003462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marko Mitrovic, Anastasija Z Todorović, N. Tatalović, Aleksandar Janevski, Macanovic Lazarevic
{"title":"Dacryocystography in rabbits","authors":"Marko Mitrovic, Anastasija Z Todorović, N. Tatalović, Aleksandar Janevski, Macanovic Lazarevic","doi":"10.2298/vetgl230115002m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl230115002m","url":null,"abstract":"Dacryocystography is a specific method of radiological examination of the nasolacrimal apparatus based on the use of a positive contrast agent, which allows the assessment of morphology and patency. Pathological conditions of the nasolacrimal apparatus in rabbits are very common in clinical practice, and the disturbance of this apparatus? patency is usually a consequence of dental diseases or respiratory infections. The aim of this article is to present the most common pathological conditions that can affect the patency of the nasolacrimal apparatus in rabbits, a detailed anatomical description of the nasolacrimal apparatus in these animals, and the technique for performing dacryocystography.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Maletić, L. Spalević, V. Milićević, D. Glišić, B. Kureljušić, J. Kureljusic, Milan Maletic
{"title":"Assessment of biosecurity measures implemented on the broiler farms in the region of Belgrade city","authors":"J. Maletić, L. Spalević, V. Milićević, D. Glišić, B. Kureljušić, J. Kureljusic, Milan Maletic","doi":"10.2298/vetgl230403003m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl230403003m","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of biosecurity measures as the first line of defense is an essential prerequisite for preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious agents in flocks. Assessment of biosecurity measures on the farms was carried out during farm visits based on the application of an appropriate questionnaire whereby the farmer answered a number of questions regarding the implemented biosecurity measures. The study was performed via Biocheck.UGent online survey on 16 broiler farms in the region of the city of Belgrade. The capacity of farms was 25,000-100,000 broilers, placed in 2-4 houses, depending on the farm. Farm visits were made by the authors to confirm the correct answers to the online survey. Results showed that external biosecurity scores ranged from 57% to 93%, averaging 83.6%. Internal biosecurity score ranged from 48% to 98%, with an average score of 85.7%. The total score for the biosecurity assessment ranged from 56% to 93%, with an average score of 84.3%. The scores for subcategories varied between the farms. Removing manure and carcasses, a subcategory within the category of external biosecurity, had the lowest mean score (farms 9 and 10 had a score of 12%). Relatively low scores were also obtained for the number of steps of broilers depopulation (farm 9 had a score of 44%) and for the location of the farm (farms 2 and 3 had a score of 44%). Concerning internal biosecurity, the lowest score was obtained for the subcategory material and measures that they apply between compartments (farm 10 had a score of 29%). These findings should be useful for decision-makers and flock veterinarians and farmers to set feasible targets and sustainable biosecurity programs to improve biosecurity, the health status of the flock, and farm profitability.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Vojinovic, J. Zutic, A. Vasić, S. Stanojević, L. Spalević, Z. Zurovac-Sapundzic
{"title":"A serological survey of canine leptospirosis in the city of Belgrade, Serbia","authors":"D. Vojinovic, J. Zutic, A. Vasić, S. Stanojević, L. Spalević, Z. Zurovac-Sapundzic","doi":"10.2298/vetgl210708001v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl210708001v","url":null,"abstract":"Canine leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Dogs are one of the animal species involved in the cycle of preservation and transmission of leptospirosis in urban areas. Serological testing for the presence of specific antibodies against Leptospira spp. in dogs was continuously performed between 2010 and 2020 in the city of Belgrade. At the request of the owners themselves, other veterinary laboratories or laboratory clinics, 179 blood sera from 179 dogs were examined in the Laboratory for Immunology, Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia. Blood sera samples from dogs were examined using the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of specific antibodies against seven different serovars of Leptospira: Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Canicola, Bataviae, and Australis. The number of seropositive dogs was 17/179 (9.5%). Among all examined sera, the highest titre of seropositive samples was to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (10/17, 58.8%), followed by Pomona (4/17, 23.5%), and serovar Canicola (3/17, 17.6%). Specific antibodies for serovars Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Bataviae and Australis were not detected in any of the dog sera. Cross-reaction (the presence of two or three titres with different values where one of them was higher than others) between different serovars was diagnosed in a low number of sera (n=4), with the following serovars: Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona (n=3) and Pomona and Canicola (n=1). The confirmed specific antibody titres for Leptospira spp. were between 1:100 to 1:3000 (5 sera had titres of 1:100, 7 had titres of 1:300, 4 had titres of 1:1000, and 1 serum had a titre 1:3000). Monitoring canine leptospirosis is a useful tool in preventing leptospirosis in Belgrade.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nemanja M. Jovanović, D. Despotović, P. Stepanović, Milan Rajkovic, T. Ilić
{"title":"Clinical-parasitological and epidemiological review of the nematode Acanthocheilonema reconditum","authors":"Nemanja M. Jovanović, D. Despotović, P. Stepanović, Milan Rajkovic, T. Ilić","doi":"10.2298/vetgl220307008j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl220307008j","url":null,"abstract":"Acanthocheilonema (Dipetalonema) reconditum is a less pathogenic species of filaria from the superfamily Filarioidea, and which parasitizes in the subcutaneous connective tissue of dogs, hyenas and jackals. The results of epidemiological studies indicate the zoonotic potential of A. reconditum, bearing in mind it can cause infections with clinical disorders in humans. This filaria is spread globally and it is mostly described in geographical areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, South Africa, South America and Oceania, where it is the only or is the most common filaria that infects dogs. The prevalence and distribution of A. reconditum depend mainly on the vector population, impact of environmental factors, and lifestyle of pets and their owners. Apart from the standard parasitological techniques for differential diagnostics of filariae, more attention is being dedicated to the development of protocols that are based on the simultaneous detection of specific DNA regions in each type of individual filaria. Due to its importance for public health, effective vector control is required, as well as regular preventive examinations, reliable diagnostics and therapy for A. reconditum in dogs, and continuous cooperation between veterinary and medical surgeons.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"313 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Novakov, B. Kartalović, Ž. Mihaljev, Boban Djurić, J. Vranešević, M. Pelić, Dusan Lazic, Dragana Ljubojevic-Pelic
{"title":"Chemical contaminants in fish, shellfish and fish products on the Serbian market","authors":"N. Novakov, B. Kartalović, Ž. Mihaljev, Boban Djurić, J. Vranešević, M. Pelić, Dusan Lazic, Dragana Ljubojevic-Pelic","doi":"10.2298/vetgl220522012n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl220522012n","url":null,"abstract":"Fish meat and fish products are usually considered as healthy foods, mostly because of their content of unsaturated fatty acids, which have a beneficial effect on human health. On the Serbian market, fish and shellfish are commonly present as fresh, frozen and canned, but not regulating and monitoring the existence of high levels of different chemical hazards can lead to human health problems. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the contamination of fish and their products from the Serbian market with regard to the most significant chemical hazards. The following contaminants are considered: lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, copper, iron and zinc representing heavy metals and metalloids; endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, lindane, endosulfans, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its derivatives as the most significant organochlorine pesticides and; benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b) fluoranthene and chrysene as four priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4). Bearing in mind that there is no food, including fish and fish products, that does not contain harmful substances and various hazards, there is a need at national and lower levels to constantly monitor these hazards, establish maximum allowable level (MAL) and carry out risk assessments for each of them.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marko Ristanić, A. Nikšić, Mia Niketić, Stefan Jelisic, Milan Rajkovic, U. Glavinić, Z. Stanimirović
{"title":"Use of allele specific PCR to investigate the presence of β-casein polymorphism in Holstein-Friesian cows","authors":"Marko Ristanić, A. Nikšić, Mia Niketić, Stefan Jelisic, Milan Rajkovic, U. Glavinić, Z. Stanimirović","doi":"10.2298/vetgl211125004r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/vetgl211125004r","url":null,"abstract":"Following the ?one health? principle, we have conducted optimization of a protocol for ?-casein genotyping in cattle in order to select cows with exclusively the A2A2 genotype. Gastrointestinal proteolysis of A1 ?-casein in humans releases beta-casomorphin 7, which is believed to cause a number of diseases/conditions (diabetes mellitus type 1, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, gastrointestinal discomfort, and prolonged gastrointestinal passage time). On the contrary, A2 ?-casein does not cause similar effects on human health, due to its different metabolism. DNA extraction was conducted from blood samples belonging to the laboratory archive of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade. Determination of genotypes was performed using the Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) method. The amplification was preceded by determination of proper primer annealing temperature (65.50 ?C), in order to ensure optimal genotyping results. The results obtained indicated a higher frequency of the A2 allele (0.56) compared to the A1 allele (0.44). Furthermore, in 7 out of 35 tested samples, the A1A1 genotype (20.00%) was found, in 17 samples, the A1A2 genotype (48.60%) was found, and in 11 samples, the A2A2 genotype (31.40%) was found. The molecular methods used ensured reliable ?-casein genotyping that would enable selection of cows with the A2A2 ?-casein genotype, implying production of.","PeriodicalId":30435,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarski Glasnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}