{"title":"The use of a reflected code in digital control systems","authors":"F. A. Foss","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499244","url":null,"abstract":"The reflected (Gray) binary code has previously been used primarily in analog-to-digital conversion applications. However, the reflected binary code has, in addition, characteristics which strongly recommend it as a design factor in the synthesis of digital elements within closed-loop control systems. This paper describes several designs of typical reflected binary switching circuits. These switching circuits are, specifically, a reflected-to-conventional binary translator, reflected binary-to-analog converters, and a reflected binary contactor comparator. All of the circuit designs are logically related to the form of the reflected-to-conventional binary translator. These switching circuits can be used as digital control elements in the described original types of digital positional servomechanisms and digital accumulators.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128394332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1954 IRE National Convention Electronic Computer Session III","authors":"Morton A. Astrahan","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499250","url":null,"abstract":"The third Electronic Computer Session at the 1954 IRE National Convention was an experimental discussion on how to make computers more autonomous and how to make them self-repairing. The following pages are a transcript of that session, edited to make it more suitable for print. Each speaker's remarks have been edited by the speaker, which is why it has taken so long for this publication to appear. Some speakers merely corrected their grammar and some went considerably further, but the gist of the original discussion is still there.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"819 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128773101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A desk-model electronic analog computer","authors":"H. Rosen, M. W. Fossier","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499249","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of an analog computer comparable in size to an automatic desk calculator. By combining the techniques of electronic and electric analogs, a high problem-solving capacity is achieved in a minimum of space. Nine stable high-gain dc amplifiers are provided, each of which can be made to produce a variety of functional responses. This is accomplished by allowing the operator to build up the input and feedback networks of each amplifier on a plug board, on which space is provided for additional networks involving resistors, capacitors, and crystal diodes. The plug board containing all the components and interconnections involved in a given problem can be stored in a filing cabinet when not in use. The low cost and small size of the computer make it suited for use in many situations in which an analog computer would not otherwise be used.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122029210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A radio-frequency nondestructive readout for magnetic-core memories","authors":"B. Widrow","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499246","url":null,"abstract":"It is possible to read information nondestructively from two- and three-dimensional magnetic-core digital computer memories in several microseconds by exciting selected cores with rf currents. If two co-ordinate lines of a core in a memory array plane are driven at slightly different frequencies, a beat-frequency signal is generated whose phase may take on one of two values which are separated by 180 electrical degrees. These two possible phases correspond to the 0 and 1 information states of the core. The beat-frequency signal, separated from the inevitable noises by tuned linear filters, may be phase detected to yield the desired information.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115981493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A stabilized driftless analog integrator","authors":"H. Hamer","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499248","url":null,"abstract":"A new chopper-stabilized analog integrator circui, has been developed which, at the cost of two passive elementts enables the stabilizer amplifier to operate on the output drift due to input current as well as the drift due to unbalance.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127030479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A transistorized pulse code modulator","authors":"G. R. Partridge","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499245","url":null,"abstract":"A pulse code modulator is described in which transistors are the only active circuit components. The functions of quantizing and encoding the signal are performed entirely by semiconductor diodes, using transistor amplifiers where necessary to increase the signal level. The readout is obtained from a set of “and” gates, each gate having as one of its inputs an output from the encoding system, and as the other input, a pulse obtained from a time delay circuit to assure sequential operation. The system produces a three digit binary code at a sampling rate of 5,000 cps.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133984526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A function generator for the solution of engineering design problems","authors":"C. Savant, R. C. Howard","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499446","url":null,"abstract":"The solution of nonlinear engineering design problems demonstrates the need for a special function generator. The generator described in this paper satisfies this need. The basic components of the unit are discussed and the forms of functions which can be generated are shown. Accuracy is estimated by comparison of an oscillogram with the calculated curves. It is concluded from tests on the system that the function generator is a valuable aid in the handling of nonlinear design problems.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133499378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A digital voltage encoder","authors":"J. R. Zweizig","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499444","url":null,"abstract":"A two-channel voltage encoder having a sampling rate of 40 numbers/second in each channel has been designed for use in a data reduction system. The data are recorded on single-channel magnetic tape in the form of 10-digit binary numbers with an accuracy of ± 0.1 per cent. The range of input voltage is 0 to 1 volt and may be lowered to 0 to 10 mv through the use of chopper amplifiers. This lower range of input voltage covers the voltages generated by analog transducers commonly employed to measure temperatures, pressures, flow rates, and thrusts.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116334170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new method of generating functions","authors":"L. G. Polimerou","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499445","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of a pressing need for function generators, a new method of function generation has been developed. The underlying principle of this function generator is the application of ordinary pulse techniques in such a way as to produce a function. The simplicity of design, the high accuracy attainable, the simple type of construction are the outstanding features of this general-purpose function generator. In order to compare this new type of function generator with those presently being used, three important types are discussed. These generators are of the general-purpose, electric and photoelectric types; other comparable electromechanical types are excluded.1","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124223542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An algebraic theory for use in digital computer design","authors":"E. Nelson","doi":"10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREPGELC.1954.6499442","url":null,"abstract":"An algebraic theory of the logical operation of digital computers is developed. This theory takes into account the dynamic (time) behavior of computer processes. The computer signals and computer elements are described. Their properties which are pertinent to the logical operation of digital computers are abstracted and. formulated in mathematical terms. The signals are represented by algebraic symbols, and the way they are transformed by the elements of the computer is represented in terms of algebraic operations and functions. This computer algebra is based on Boolean algebra. Time is treated as a discrete variable and a method of taking into account the time relationships in the computer processes is developed. Specific components, such as gates, flip-flops, and magnetic drums, are analyzed, and an algebraic description of their operation is obtained.","PeriodicalId":304144,"journal":{"name":"Trans. I R E Prof. Group Electron. Comput.","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126346241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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