Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium Biosorption Efficiency Using Dead and Live Aspergillus nomius Biomass","authors":"S. Guha, S. Debnath, S. Gayen","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5594","url":null,"abstract":"Daily industrial activities especially in developing countries produce and discharge wastes containing heavy metals into the water resources making them polluted, threatening human health and the ecosystem. One such heavy metal is Chromium, the hexavalent form of which is extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Biosorption, the process of passive cation binding by dead or living biomass, represents a potentially cost-effective way of eliminating toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The potential of microorganisms to remove metal ions in solution has been extensively studied; in particular, live and dead fungi have been recognized as a promising class of low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions. Fungal biomass has various advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage in wastewater treatment. In this study, we discuss the live and dead fungi characteristics of sorption, factors influencing heavy metal removal. Biosorption studies were performed with both dead and live biomass and the effectiveness of Cr (VI) biosorption was compared for each parameter. It was observed that biosorption was maximum (approximately): 82% while using sulfuric acid as the pre-treatment agent (hence only dead biomass) and also maximum of 96.5% at 1 N. The optimum pH for maximum biosorption was 6 when dead biomass was used, while it was 2 when live biomass was used. Maximum Chromium removal of 86% was obtained using 2 g live biomass whereas 0.5 g of dead biomass was enough to obtain the maximum efficiency.96% chromium was removed at 25° C using dead biomass, whereas, maximum removal of about 84% was obtained when live biomass was used for biosorption and it took place at 35° C. Maximum Cr (VI) removal of about 95% was obtained when dead biomass was used and 69% when live biomass was used, both at 1mg/L metal concentration. 0.5 g of dead biomass in 100 ml, 1 mg/L solution, was optimum for Cr (VI) removal, while for live biomass, maximum Cr (VI) biosorption of 63% was obtained when 1.5 g of it was used in 300 ml solution. It was finally concluded that dead fungal biomass has better biosorption potentials and also some other inherent advantages over live biomass.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89559616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial modelling of Forest Canopy Density and Landscape Assessment in Omo Biosphere Reserve, South-western Nigeria","authors":"Z. H. Mshelia, A. Bamgboye, M. Onilude, O. Taiwo","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5596","url":null,"abstract":"Forest has an important role in the global carbon cycle that covers over one-fourth of the world’s geographical area. It is one of the major natural resources and magnificent terrestrial ecosystems of the world. Forest Canopy Density (FCD) is imperative in the assessment of forest status and is a primary indicator of potential management interventions. Landsat images of 1990 and 2018 were used in this study. Remote Sensing has demonstrated to be very cost-effective in mapping and monitoring changes in forests, and other environmental issues. Forest cover change and fragmentation were analysed using FCD and Landscape metrics. The FCD was obtained from the combination of data from the Advance Vegetation Density Index (AVI), Bare Soil Index (BI), and Forest Shadow Index (FSI). Four categories of change were identified in the reserve, no change, growth, degradation and deforestation. There was no change in 222.57 ha (52.98%), growth had 81.54 ha (0.69%), degradation with 116.01 ha (27.61%) and deforestation with the least change with 0.81 ha (0.19%). Degradation with a change rate of 0.97% contributed more in terms of change. There is a slight increase in the values of the three diversity indices (SHDI, SHEI, SIDI) while a high degree of homogeneity is recorded in the no forest class and the three others classes were fragmented. Understanding the dynamics of the forests is important in mitigating climate change and support for biological resources.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smallholder Rubber Farming based Agro-tourism: Potential, Attitude and Challenges in Sri Lanka-A Case Study in Moneragala District","authors":"P. Gunarathne, T. Tennakoon, J. Edirisinghe, K. Jayasundara","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5591","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to assess the possibilities of the Rubber Farming based Agro-Tourism (RFAT) in the smallholder rubber sector in Moneregala. The study covered 222 rubber smallholdings in eight rubber growing DS divisions and was conducted in 2019 through a questionnaire survey and focus group discussions. Stratified random sampling technique was applied. Rubber Agro-tourism Potential Index (RAPI) was developed to measure the resource availability in rubber smallholdings. The 18 potential rubber farming practices which could be offered to a tourist were identified. The younger Rubber Smallholders (RSs) were more aware of the agro-tourism. Young, educated and experienced RSs had a highly positive attitude for RFAT. Comparatively, more positive impacts of RFAT were highlighted by RSs. Lack of practical exposure to RFAT and low level of different language skills were identified as major constraints by the RSs. Badalkumbura DS division was the most potential resourceful area for development of RFAT in Moneragala. Hence, there is an utmost need to work for uplifting the RFAT industry from governmental, non-governmental, private and community sectors. There is a felt necessity to implement awareness programmes, training and workshops, especially for RSs and small-scale tourism business entrepreneurs to uplift the RFAT industry through forming the relevant organizations. This information will be provided with an immense value for policy makers, researchers, extension planners to make the RFAT industry a profitable, socially acceptable and an environmentally friendly approach for the betterment of the nation.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88421776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of forest fire frequency using fire scar mapping of temporal satellite data for forest fire management","authors":"J. Mani, A. O. Varghese","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5597","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most complex problems facing in tropical forests, particularly in deciduous forests, is the recurrent incidence of fire. It is well known that fire caused extensive damage in the forest ecosystem by quantitatively and qualitatively. To reduce occurrences of forest fire, proper management of fire is highly important which entails mapping of forest fire frequency and identification of suitable area for watchtowers. In the present study, fire frequency analysis of Melghat Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra was done for the last seven years (2014-2020) based on the fire scar on the temporal Landsat data during fire season (January-June). Fire frequency analysis shows that an area of 1053.64 ha (0.52%) of the reserve was burned all seven years followed by 3050.53 ha (1.49%) for six times, 3849.52 ha (1.88%) for five times, 5520.04 ha (2.70%) for four times, 11845.63 ha (5.80%) for three times, 36863.52 ha (18.03%) for two times, 70126.33 ha (34.31%) for once and 72093.02 ha (35.27%) remains unburned all these seven years. The fire frequency map generated was used as an input for prioritizing the locations of watch towers as well as prioritizing grazing closure areas and fires lines. Identification of suitable sites for locating new watchtowers has been done by integrating and modeling of forest fire frequency map, existing watchtowers and viewshed analysis in GIS. Based on these results only thirteen watchtowers were categorized under retainable among the existing watchtowers and 27 new watchtowers are proposed to cover the entire area.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80308089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Fungal Species in Tropical Trees: A Review","authors":"S. Subasinghe, R.P. Hettiarachchige","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5590","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic fungi are common in forest ecosystems which cause diseases and sometimes death of plants, while some fungi live inside trees harmlessly without causing issues. Sometimes, plants benefit from the presence of those endophytic fungi, such as gaining resistance to environmental stresses, protection from harmful pathogens etc. Numerous studies have been conducted on such relationships between endophytic fungi and short-term agricultural crops. However, such studies are rare in the literature on tropical tree species which bear timber and non-timber values. This study illustrates the studies conducted on endophytic fungi in tropical trees and explores the potential use of such fungi for obtaining benefits.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82116976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments on Germination and Initial Growth of Terminalia citrina: A Medicinal Tree Species in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Dey, M. K. Hossain, R. Nandi, M. Saifullah","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v11i02.5595","url":null,"abstract":"Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb. ex. Fleming (local name-Hatiyal) is an important medicinal tree species naturally grown in Sal and hill forests of Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted at the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh, to find out the effects of pre-sowing treatments on germination and vigor seedling production capability. Seeds were treated with six pre-sowing treatments, e.g. T0-seeds without any treatment (Control), T1-seeds soaking in normal water for 24 hours and sown in polybags (24º C), T2-seeds soaking in normal water for 48 hours and sown in polybags (24º C), T3-fruits sown in seedbed, T4-seeds soaking in hot water for 1 minute and sown in propagator house (80º C), and T5-seeds sown in propagator house. Highest germination percentage (95.83%), germination energy (37.5%), and germination value (1.0506) were found in T5 treatment (seed sown in propagator house) and significantly (p<0.05) different from other treatments. Collar diameter and leaf number were recorded after three and four months of seed germination. After 3 months of the last germination, maximum shoot height (46.6 cm) was revealed in T2 (seeds immersed in normal water for 48 hours and sown in polybags) treatment. Collar diameter (6.02 mm) and leaf number (12.6) were recorded highest in T2 treatment. The lowest diameter (4.23 mm) and leaf number (5.8) were found in T4 treatment (seeds soaking in hot water for 1 minute and sown in propagator house). Finally, seeds sown in the propagator house (sand media) revealed comparatively better germination behaviour but low growth performance. Seeds treated with normal water for 48 hours treatment revealed appropriate for vigour and quality seedlings production for T. citrina.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81672665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Sowing Treatments Accelerate Germination Percent for Restoration of Fourteen Threatened Tree Species in Bangladesh","authors":"G. Hasnat, Md. Akhter Hossain, M. K. Hossain","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4466","url":null,"abstract":"Ecologically valuable native tree species are becoming threatened due to deforestation, forest fragmentation and preference of fast-growing exotics than the native ones in plantation. One of the main reasons for the preference of exotic species than the native ones is its higher rate of germination and rapid growth. The effect of different pre-sowing treatments was studied on fourteen threatened tree species of Bangladesh to find out the appropriate treatments for speed up germination rate and initial seedling growth. These species are ecologically valuable multipurpose indigenous trees of Bangladesh. Methanol extract of Castanopsis indica leaves could decrease the tumor Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma volume and weight. Lophopetalum wightianum is a globally threatened tree species. Hard coated seeds of Canarium resiniferum, Castanopsis indica, Protium serratum, Quercus acuminata and Vitex peduncularis were treated with sand paper, nicking, normal water, hot water, H2SO4 and HCl. Soft coated seeds of Brownlowia elata, Dichopsis polyantha, Firmiana colorata, Lophopetalum wightianum, Pterospermum acerifolium, Pterospermum semisagittatum, Pterygota alata, Schleichera oleosa and Sterculia villosa were sown in polybags, propagator house and nursery bed in normal, flat and 45o angle positions. Among all hard-coated seeds, Castanopsis indica showed significantly higher germination percentage (67%) after seeds treated with sandpaper in comparison to control (25%). Soft-coated seeds of Lophopetalum wightianum showed significantly higher germination percentage (90%) among all studied species when sown in propagator house, whereas in natural condition it provides only 26% germination rate. This paper will help to restore ecologically valuable threatened species.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77520969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of Water Quality of Four Micro Watersheds Outlets in Upstream of Mahaweli River during Maha Cropping Season","authors":"N. Abeysingha, M. I. Madusanka, B. Rotawewa, N. Gunasena","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4467","url":null,"abstract":"Non-point source, agriculture based pollutants have been identified as one of the main cause for water pollution in Sri Lanka. Naranhinna, Pambadeniya Kappeti-Ela, and Rajamale micro watersheds located in the Kandy district have been identified by the project on Rehabilitation of degraded agricultural lands in the Central Highlands implemented by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) to rehabilitate through watershed management plan. This study assessed the baseline water quality status of these micro watersheds by obtaining water samples at the outlet of each watersheds during the Maha cropping seasons 2018/2019. Three replicates water samples from each outlets were collected six times and analysed for EC , pH, TDS, CO32-, HCO3-, NO3-, NH4+, available P, total K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb using standard methods. Most of the tested drinking water quality parameters in all four micro watersheds were within the permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) standard except Fe and NH4+. Observed Fe contents exceeded the WHO limits (0.3 mg/L) of all watersheds and was in the range of 1.2-1.5 mg/L. Concentration of NH4+ at Kappeti Ela, Rajamale, and Pambadeniya was in the range of 0.5 to 0.7 mg/L which exceeded the WHO standard (0.5 mg/L). Using the tested parameters, study calculated drinking water quality index (DWQI) and also irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for all investigated micro watersheds for each of the sampling date. According to the guideline, mean DWQI (19 to 48.1) graded the water of all micro watersheds as excellent while IWQI (8.7-9.2) characterised them as excellent for any crops during the study period.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78866463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiochemical Studies in Seedlings of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) of North East India in Relation to Drought Resistance for Selection of Improved Germplasm","authors":"N. Borah, P. K. Borua, S. Roy, S. P. Saikia","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4465","url":null,"abstract":"The global climate change is occurring at an unpredictable rate, where periods of drought are predicted to be extremely severe. The drought tolerance in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) accessions; collected from North East India was screened under water stress conditions created by reducing irrigation doses. Parameters targeted for screening were vegetative growth, physiological parameters and chemical constituents of leaves. Water stress treatment revealed that plant height, leaves number/plant, average leaf area, N, P, K, Ca, Cl and Na content were significantly decreased by increasing the level of water stress conditions in all studied accessions. Variations in the physiological parameters among different accessions may be due to different intensities of natural selection acting upon the traits in their natural habitat. The aim of the study was to determine source variation in Tectona grandis Linn. f. accessions collected from 41 locations of North East India and to identify the best sources to be utilised for reforestation and further genetic improvement work. In our study, three promising drought tolerant accessions were screened in a decreasing order of drought tolerance viz. GKU-24, GKU-37 and BNU-10 whereas; the drought stress had the most adverse effect on ASM-124 and LUT-45.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75861167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain Size and Chemical Composition of Sediments to Determine the Governing Geochemical Processes in Fluvial Environments","authors":"Sansfica M. Young","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v9i2.4463","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental impact on the river system and the bay or a tidal flat area is of significance since these environments act as sinks of pollutants. The river system gradually gathers the material that flows along the river and settles it at the downstream area. The geochemistry of sediments of the rivers and the Bay or tidal area are signatures of the mass transfer process that occur in fluvial environments. Thus, the processes such as provenance, maturity of sediments, weathering, climatic implications, sedimentary processes, heavy mineral concentrations, sorting and mixing effect, grain size variation, transport and downstream accumulation and effect of tributaries can be determined using geochemistry. The major oxides and trace element concentration of the sediments of the river and the Bay or Tidal area is thus very important to determine the fluvial processes. Comparison of two different fluvial environments with different climatic conditions and geology where one consists of the river with a Bay in Sri Lanka and the other consisting of a river with a tidal flat in Japan is thus conceded. The environmental assessment using elements of sediments in such environments have been effective due to the possibility of being able to identify the fluvial processes that are affected by the river and Bay or tidal sediments in two different systems.","PeriodicalId":30404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment","volume":"10 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85930728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}