{"title":"Crowdsensing-based smartphone use guide for battery life extension","authors":"Yohan Chon, Gwangmin Lee, Rhan Ha, H. Cha","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971728","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing popularity of smartphones, battery life is among the most crucial issues for mobile users. This paper presents a crowdsensing-based use guide to extend the lifetime of smartphones. The system answers a question raised by phone usage: Why is my phone battery draining quickly compared to others phones despite running the same applications? The proposed system pinpoints the major causes of battery drain in terms of both hardware and software aspects. In relation to the hardware aspect, the system quantifies degree of battery aging as a ratio metric; an estimate of 50% indicates that the battery is at half of full capacity, meaning that battery usage time is approximately half that of a new battery. The system automatically profiles battery age based on charging duration data collected by crowdsensing. In its software aspect, the system guides phone configuration to extend application usage times. The system mines large-scale usage data to infer the major energy holes in a user's phone usage. The scheme works autonomously without user intervention and does not require any external equipment. Extensive evaluation with 3,000 users demonstrated that the proposed scheme successfully extends battery life for typical mobile users.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126414014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Clarke, A. Bellino, Augusto Esteves, Eduardo Velloso, Hans-Werner Gellersen
{"title":"TraceMatch: a computer vision technique for user input by tracing of animated controls","authors":"Christopher Clarke, A. Bellino, Augusto Esteves, Eduardo Velloso, Hans-Werner Gellersen","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714","url":null,"abstract":"Recent works have explored the concept of movement correlation interfaces, in which moving objects can be selected by matching the movement of the input device to that of the desired object. Previous techniques relied on a single modality (e.g. gaze or mid-air gestures) and specific hardware to issue commands. TraceMatch is a computer vision technique that enables input by movement correlation while abstracting from any particular input modality. The technique relies only on a conventional webcam to enable users to produce matching gestures with any given body parts, even whilst holding objects. We describe an implementation of the technique for acquisition of orbiting targets, evaluate algorithm performance for different target sizes and frequencies, and demonstrate use of the technique for remote control of graphical as well as physical objects with different body parts.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127275429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harini Kolamunna, Yining Hu, Diego Perino, Kanchana Thilakarathna, D. Makaroff, Xinlong Guan, A. Seneviratne
{"title":"AFV: enabling application function virtualization and scheduling in wearable networks","authors":"Harini Kolamunna, Yining Hu, Diego Perino, Kanchana Thilakarathna, D. Makaroff, Xinlong Guan, A. Seneviratne","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971727","url":null,"abstract":"Smart wearable devices are widely available today and changing the way mobile applications are being developed. Applications can dynamically leverage the capabilities of wearable devices worn by the user for optimal resource usage and information accuracy, depending on the user/device context and application requirements. However, application developers are not yet taking advantage of these cross-device capabilities. We thus design AFV (Application Function Virtualization), a framework enabling automated dynamic function virtualization/scheduling across devices, simplifying context-aware application development. AFV provides a simple set of APIs hiding complex framework tasks and continuously monitors context/application requirements, to enable the dynamic invocation of functions across devices. We show the feasibility of our design by implementing AFV on Android, and the benefits for the user in terms of resource efficiency and quality of experience with relevant use cases.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127499895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saeed Abdullah, Elizabeth L. Murnane, M. Matthews, Matthew Kay, J. Kientz, Geri Gay, Tanzeem Choudhury
{"title":"Cognitive rhythms: unobtrusive and continuous sensing of alertness using a mobile phone","authors":"Saeed Abdullah, Elizabeth L. Murnane, M. Matthews, Matthew Kay, J. Kientz, Geri Gay, Tanzeem Choudhury","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971712","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the day, our alertness levels change and our cognitive performance fluctuates. The creation of technology that can adapt to such variations requires reliable measurement with ecological validity. Our study is the first to collect alertness data in the wild using the clinically validated Psychomotor Vigilance Test. With 20 participants over 40 days, we find that alertness can oscillate approximately 30% depending on time and body clock type and that Daylight Savings Time, hours slept, and stimulant intake can influence alertness as well. Based on these findings, we develop novel methods for unobtrusively and continuously assessing alertness. In estimating response time, our model achieves a root-mean-square error of 80.64 milliseconds, which is significantly lower than the 500ms threshold used as a standard indicator of impaired cognitive ability. Finally, we discuss how such real-time detection of alertness is a key first step towards developing systems that are sensitive to our biological variations.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"65 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114682853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soujanya Chatterjee, K. Hovsepian, Hillol Sarker, Nazir Saleheen, M. al’Absi, G. Atluri, Emre Ertin, Cho Lam, A. Lemieux, M. Nakajima, B. Spring, D. Wetter, Santosh Kumar
{"title":"mCrave: continuous estimation of craving during smoking cessation","authors":"Soujanya Chatterjee, K. Hovsepian, Hillol Sarker, Nazir Saleheen, M. al’Absi, G. Atluri, Emre Ertin, Cho Lam, A. Lemieux, M. Nakajima, B. Spring, D. Wetter, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971672","url":null,"abstract":"Craving usually precedes a lapse for impulsive behaviors such as overeating, drinking, smoking, and drug use. Passive estimation of craving from sensor data in the natural environment can be used to assist users in coping with craving. In this paper, we take the first steps towards developing a computational model to estimate cigarette craving (during smoking abstinence) at the minute-level using mobile sensor data. We use 2,012 hours of sensor data and 1,812 craving self-reports from 61 participants in a smoking cessation study. To estimate craving, we first obtain a continuous measure of stress from sensor data. We find that during hours of day when craving is high, stress associated with self-reported high craving is greater than stress associated with low craving. We use this and other insights to develop feature functions, and encode them as pattern detectors in a Conditional Random Field (CRF) based model to infer craving probabilities.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130665565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Wu, Daqing Zhang, Chenren Xu, Yasha Wang, Hao Wang
{"title":"WiDir: walking direction estimation using wireless signals","authors":"Dan Wu, Daqing Zhang, Chenren Xu, Yasha Wang, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971658","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its importance, walking direction is still a key context lacking a cost-effective and continuous solution that people can access in indoor environments. Recently, device-free sensing has attracted great attention because these techniques do not require the user to carry any device and hence could enable many applications in smart homes and offices. In this paper, we present WiDir, the first system that leverages WiFi wireless signals to estimate a human's walking direction, in a device-free manner. Human motion changes the multipath distribution and thus WiFi Channel State Information at the receiver end. WiDir analyzes the phase change dynamics from multiple WiFi subcarriers based on Fresnel zone model and infers the walking direction. We implement a proof-of-concept prototype using commercial WiFi devices and evaluate it in both home and office environments. Experimental results show that WiDir can estimate human walking direction with a median error of less than 10 degrees.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130677614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel A. Winkler, Alex Beltran, N. P. Esfahani, P. Maglio, Alberto Cerpa
{"title":"FORCES: feedback and control for occupants to refine comfort and energy savings","authors":"Daniel A. Winkler, Alex Beltran, N. P. Esfahani, P. Maglio, Alberto Cerpa","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971700","url":null,"abstract":"Humans spend 90% of their lives inside buildings, but often the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems of commercial buildings do not properly maintain occupant comfort. Use of feedback through comfort voting applications has been shown to improve the quality of service, but the effects of application feedback and user interface design has not been investigated. In this work, we present several methods of feedback that use data presentation and environmental interaction in comfort voting applications. Through a 40 week user study of 61 University employees across 3 buildings, we show that feedback systems can be used to increase user satisfaction with thermal conditions from 33.9% to 93.3% and reduce energy consumption up to 18.99% compared to a system without voting. In addition, we find that by including a drifting control strategy, we find energy savings up to 37% can be realized without a significant reduction in satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134483462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yordan P. Raykov, Emre Ozer, Ganesh S. Dasika, A. Boukouvalas, Max A. Little
{"title":"Predicting room occupancy with a single passive infrared (PIR) sensor through behavior extraction","authors":"Yordan P. Raykov, Emre Ozer, Ganesh S. Dasika, A. Boukouvalas, Max A. Little","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971746","url":null,"abstract":"Passive infrared sensors have widespread use in many applications, including motion detectors for alarms, lighting systems and hand dryers. Combinations of multiple PIR sensors have also been used to count the number of humans passing through doorways. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of the PIR sensor as a tool for occupancy estimation inside of a monitored environment. Our approach shows how flexible nonparametric machine learning algorithms extract useful information about the occupancy from a single PIR sensor. The approach allows us to understand and make use of the motion patterns generated by people within the monitored environment. The proposed counting system uses information about those patterns to provide an accurate estimate of room occupancy which can be updated every 30 seconds. The system was successfully tested on data from more than 50 real office meetings consisting of at most 14 room occupants.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133408627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Costa, A. Adams, Malte F. Jung, François Guimbretière, Tanzeem Choudhury
{"title":"EmotionCheck: leveraging bodily signals and false feedback to regulate our emotions","authors":"J. Costa, A. Adams, Malte F. Jung, François Guimbretière, Tanzeem Choudhury","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971752","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we demonstrate that it is possible to help individuals regulate their emotions with mobile interventions that leverage the way we naturally react to our bodily signals. Previous studies demonstrate that the awareness of our bodily signals, such as our heart rate, directly influences the way we feel. By leveraging these findings we designed a wearable device to regulate user's anxiety by providing a false feedback of a slow heart rate. The results of an experiment with 67 participants show that the device kept the anxiety of the individuals in low levels when compared to the control group and the other conditions. We discuss the implications of our findings and present some promising directions for designing and developing this type of intervention for emotion regulation.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatially fine-grained urban air quality estimation using ensemble semi-supervised learning and pruning","authors":"Ling Chen, Yaya Cai, Yifang Ding, Mingqi Lv, C. Yuan, Gencai Chen","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971725","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution has adverse effects on humans and ecosystem, and spatially fine-grained air quality information (i.e., the air quality information of every fine-grained area) can help people to avoid unhealthy outdoor activities. However, the number of air quality monitoring stations is usually limited, and thus spatially fine-grained air quality estimation is a challenging task. This paper proposes a method for inferring spatially fine-grained air quality information throughout a city. On one hand, since air quality is affected by multiple factors (e.g., factory waste gases and automobile exhaust fumes), this method employs various data sources, including traffic, road network, point of interests (POIs), and check-ins from social network services, which are related to air quality, to conduct the estimation. On the other hand, since the labeled data are highly limited due to the sparseness of monitoring stations, this method uses an improved ensemble semi-supervised learning (Semi-EP) to establish the relationship between the various data sources and urban air quality. Semi-EP firstly generates multiple classifiers from the original labeled data set and these classifiers are retrained in the iterative co-training process. Then, ensemble pruning technique is used to select the most-diverse subset from these multiple classifiers. This method is evaluated on the real-world dataset of Hangzhou city, China, and the experimental results have demonstrated its advantages over state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129969554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}