Journal of Intercultural Management最新文献

{"title":"Public Ethnocentrism. An Obstacle of Worldwide Economic Development: Concept and a Preliminary Research","authors":"Zbysław Dobrowolski, T. Szejner","doi":"10.2478/joim-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The phenomenon of ethnocentrism in the public sector has not been well recognized. The study was aimed at initiating an effort to fill the research gap by introducing the concept of “public ethnocentrism” and presenting empirical evidence from a preliminary test of the concept. Methodology: while analysing and seeking full contextual understanding of the public ethnocentrism the ethnographic public representative’s observation and open-ended interviews have been chosen. Study of public ethnocentrism in Poland have been supplemented by interviews with 11 representatives of public sector from the USA, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Tanzania, Namibia and Mexico. Findings: Studies have shown a scale of willingness to use an ethnocentric attitude when making decisions in a public organization. It was found that public ethnocentrism restricts innovation by disrupting public choice. Value Added: Two new research questions are identified. Recommendations: There is a need to create an Ethnocentrism Perception Index (EPI). The tendency for ethnocentric behaviour should be taken into accounts when determining whether formal and informal institutions are conducive to running a business in a given country.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123980585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitiveness of Family SMEs in the Supply Chain","authors":"Y. Krykavskyy, N. Hayvanovych","doi":"10.2478/joim-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The goal of the article is to study the problem of identification of the correlation between the goals and development strategies of network structures (organizations) and the goals and strategies of SMEs, realization of their harmonization and synergy effect generation as well as adaptation of typical strategies to the conditions of functioning of small and medium-sized family businesses within network structures. Methodology: Theoretical (critical analysis of sources, data systematization, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, hypothesis formulation, etc.) and empirical (survey method, observation, critical analysis, hypothesis verification, etc.) research methods are used in the article. In order to study the prospects of and readiness of small enterprises for cooperation within network structures an express questionnaire online survey of the representatives of small companies in different sectors of Lviv and Lviv region (Ukraine) was conducted. The sample included 134 respondents. Findings: Calculation and statistical analysis of empirical material collected within the survey has not confirmed the assumption made by the authors about presupposed that the overwhelming majority of the representatives of small and micro enterprises would be open to (ready for) cooperation in the supply chains, ready for close interaction in the field of IC, business process integration with the supply network or chain participants/partners, etc. Only 7.6% are ready to be active participants of network structures, 84.6% are not yet clear about that, while 7.8% object to such cooperation. Less than 40% are ready to integrate their ICs with the ICs of network participants, and the same is the number of those who are not yet clear about that. The largest number of negative answers was given to the question about the readiness to share competences, expertise with network participants – 38.5% and 30.7% are not clear about that. Commodity (service) certification procedure is the direction where the representatives of SMEs showed the strongest readiness for cooperation (69.2%) Value Added: The article suggests a model of the mechanism of strategic development of small and medium-sized family businesses in the supply chain. This model involves, primarily, combination of strategies specific to the micro level and integrated systems, and secondly, delineation of typifying of strategic decisions in such areas as the basic strategies of competitive behaviour, strategies of supply chain development, strategies of supply system planning, relationship institutionalization strategies and specialization strategies. Recommendations: Modern supply networks and chains must possess a considerable elasticity potential that will enable them to successful adjust to the turbulent environment. Such elasticity potential should be developed via involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises with a relatively narrow specialization. Such process must take place in","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130442177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervisory Empowerment Behaviors, Psychological Empowerment and Work Outcomes among Egyptian Managers and Professionals: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Ghada El-Kot, R. Burke, J. Wolpin","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: This research examined the relationship of perceived supervisor empowerment behaviors with important work and well-being outcomes in a sample of Egyptian managers and professionals. Relatively little research has been undertaken on human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring. Methodology: Data were collected from 121 managerial and professional employees using anonymously completed questionnaires. Respondents were relatively young, had university educations, had short job and organizational tenures, and held lower level -management jobs. All measures used here had been used and validated previously by other researchers. Findings: Work outcomes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement, exhibiting voice behaviors, workplace learning opportunities, psychological well-being and intent to quit. Employee perceptions of supervisory empowering behaviors predicted their levels of psychological empowerment. And both perceived levels of supervisory/leader empowerment behaviors and self-reported feelings of empowerment had significant relationships with the majority of work and well-being outcomes Value Added: Relatively little research has been undertaken on human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring. This will add to the body of knowledge about Egyptian managers and other Arab regions. Recommendations: Practical implications of these findings along with future research directions are offered. Practical applications include training supervisors on empowerment behaviors, and training all employees on the benefits of personal empowerment and efficacy and ways to increase them.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123289703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balanced Scorecard in Universities","authors":"J. Fijałkowska, Cidália Oliveira","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Performance measurement and reporting leading to greater transparency and accountability of universities have become a challenging issue. Increasingly, universities have been required to provide performance indicators—empirical evidence of their value creation — to the different group of stakeholders. One of the approaches that may be applied by universities is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The objective of this paper is to indicate the BSC as a useful tool for the evaluation of the universities’ performance. Methodology: This study is based on the following research methods: descriptive, deductive, and the literature review. It refers also to case studies that are quoted in the context of their practical BSC application experience and it presents the pioneer approach of California University in BSC adoption. The rationale of this paper follows the principal-agent theory that is a foundation of the accountability concept. It refers also to the new managerialism, new public management, and entrepreneurial university. Findings: Based on the literature review concerning the analysis of the examples of universities implementing BSC, this paper argues that BSC provides a framework for the performance measurement that allows for the increased transparency and accountability of these institutions. Value added: The pioneer BSC framework presented in this paper can be used as the basis for the development of general performance measurement in universities. Recommendations: It is recommended that the universities that want to boost their transparency and be accountable for their outcomes apply and develop the BSC framework to which we refer to in this paper.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133234669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences of Accommodation: a Descriptive Study in the South of the State of Sonora, Mexico","authors":"María Elvira López Parra, Elba Myriam Navarro Arvizu, Nora Edith González Navarro, Jesús Nereida Aceves López, O. Kulykovets, M. Dębski","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: To identify the lodging preferences of users (to define the comfort level preferences of tourists/consumers) of southern Sonora, considering their perceptions, which allows to improve strategies to satisfy the user’s needs in the future. Methodology: The research was descriptive and quantitative. The participants were between 18 and 60 years old, of every socioeconomic level, gender, occupation, and level of education. The sample comprised 300 from the region of Sonora in Mexico. Findings: Regarding the methodological contribution, this research presents an instrument to collect the opinions of the accommodation users, which is expected to be replicated in other studies on a larger population scale. This research is empirical and collects the opinion of a group of people, showing their preferences regarding the factors and characteristics they consider when choosing a type of accommodation. In addition, companies operating in this field could define their competitive advantages considering the results of this research. Value Added: The article points to a practical solution of the knowledge of preferences of users of different accommodation modalities and identifies which were most frequently selected by the respondents. Recommendations: Research shows the existence of significant differences between family and other companies. Therefore, it is advisable to look for the specifics and, as a consequence, potential sources of competitiveness in specific markets, of which the tourist market is important.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123759381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Labor Market Trends and Their Significance for the Future Employees’ Competences","authors":"S. Przytuła","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The theoretical purpose of this article is to present social, technological, economic and cultural trends that determine the global labor market, new needs on the labor market and create new competences and professions. The goal of empirical research was to diagnose the most challenging trends for HR specialists and to identify key competencies on the global workforce market. Methodology: The paper, apart from desk-research and literature review, presents the results of exploratory pilot research. Purposive sampling was applied and the questionnaire was addressed to 44 managers and HR specialists (“key informants”, Myers, 2009) who are participants of postgraduate studies in HR Business Partner, Human Resource Management. The conducted research was idiographic, which means that its conclusions concern only the studied population. But resignation from a broad generalization of results does not necessarily reduce their cognitive value (Chełpa, 2003). Findings: The biggest challenges for HR were: retention of employees and building their loyalty, shortage of employees on the labor market, management of employees of different generations. It can be said that these challenges are inherent with global trends and problems faced by employers. Respondents pointed to the most desirable competences nowadays and in the near future: IT competencies, intercultural skills, creative and cognitive thinking, ability to work in virtual and multicultural teams. To the key personnel activities which in the next 5 years will gain in importance belonged: mobile working, hiring experts (freelancers), crowd working, portfolio work. Value Added: This theoretical-empirical study organizes the current results of foresight research on HR trends, in order to develop an aggregated list of the most desirable competencies on the global labor market. Knowledge about the missing, niche competencies of employees pointed out by employers will allow targeting education systems and equipping employees equipped with the most demanded skills and knowledge. Recommendations: The challenges of the global labor market presented in this article will contribute to disappearance of many previous professions, changes in the nature of work and the emergence of its new forms. In the coming years, many HRM practices will require the revision and implementation of new personnel solutions for recruitment, motivation and career path creation. A flexible career understood as a “portfolio of projects and experiences” of an employee will develop in any direction. Communication model in companies will also be transformed, as mobile devices will become an office, a training room and a personal assistant.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123072069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Change in ‘Hybrid Factories’: Longitudinal Study of Japanese Manufacturing Subsidiaries in Poland","authors":"T. Olejniczak, Masato Itohisa, Tetsuo Abo, H. Kumon","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: This article illustrates how, on the subsidiary level, the mixture of management practices in Japanese manufacturing subsidiaries operating in Poland changes over time. Methodology: Study represents the first, rigorous, longitudinal replication of Japanese Multinational Enterprise Study Group hybridization studies conducted using the original methodology. Researchers visited eight original research sites and measured changes after fourteen years in six of them. Findings: The results indicate significant change in terms of manufacturing practices as well as in the localization of management. On the other hand, there has been practically no change in terms of equipment, organizational culture, and procurement methods. Value Added: Article contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First it confirms dynamic nature of hybridization trough a longitudinal exploration of changes that took place in management practices. Secondly, it combines JMNESG methodology with the most recent developments in research methods, increasing its clarity and replicability thus paving a way for future longitudinal studies of hybridization. Recommendations: Based on this research future studies could replicate JMNESG studies in various locations and contexts thus providing further insights into the nature of change in the hybrid factories operating around the world and the nature of Japanese management over the last 20 years.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"29 47","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132272076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"University Governance in Europe: Managerial Convergences or Political Harmonization?","authors":"Thierry Côme, Petia G. Gueorguieva, Radovan Gura, Gilles Rouet","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: This contribution attempts to highlight the convergences and divergences of the strategies and modes of governance put in place in the current context of European universities (knowledge economy, budget restrictions, changing demand of students and employers). Methodology: A study of three universities from three different countries, two public and one private, is proposed from the analysis of the internal official documents (strategic projects) of the structures and interviews with the leaders. Findings: Elements of convergences and divergences are highlighted, which makes it possible to make hypotheses to verify in other researches. Value Added: The approach is exploratory and complementary to the analyses in terms of the structure and strategy model of higher education institutions Recommendations: The implementation of the Bologna Process is still often instrumentalized or rejected (defence of local specificities or fears of excessive standardization), but the current evolution of constraints and environments seems to go far beyond this non-normative project. It should therefore be considered as an opportunity for a positive and effective response to the present stakes.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122004083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Pedagogical Approaches in Management Sciences","authors":"Magdalena Grębosz-Krawczyk, Jacek Otto","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The objective of the paper is to present the chosen innovative pedagogical approaches of teaching in the area of management science and their practical application in the educational process at the Lodz University of Technology, as well as to discuss the opinions of students and managers concerning the innovative pedagogical approaches of teaching. Methodology: The first stage of research was conducted among 200 young respondents (19-24 years old), students of Lodz University of Technology (Poland) in the second and third quarters of 2018. During the research, the indirect method of gathering information, i.e. using a survey technique was applied. The survey was conducted among the students with the application of the techniques of personal survey, electronic survey and paper survey. The second stage of research was conducted among 50 managers of medium and large companies in Poland in the second and third quarters of 2018. The choice of companies to be studied was a deliberate one. During this stage of research, the indirect method of gathering information – using a survey technique was applied. The survey was conducted among the managers with the application of the techniques of personal survey, electronic survey and paper survey. The Likert scale was used for evaluation. Findings: The situation on the labour market, as well as the development of the market of educational services and the development of new technologies cause changes in both the offer and the quality of teaching. In order to increase the quality of the educational offer and the degree of satisfaction of students and employers, universities introduce new teaching methods and new didactic tools based on the creative pedagogical approaches. The research results confirm the positive evaluation of Problem-based learning and Design Thinking approaches by students and companies representatives. However, closer cooperation between university and companies is expected both by students and managers. Value Added: In this paper, apart from presenting the theoretical and practical possibilities of using Problem-based learning and Design Thinking approaches of teaching in the area of management science, the opinions of students and companies’ representatives were also presented. Recommendations: Effective teaching in the field of management at the universities is a difficult and complex process. Management is − by its character − closely related to business practice. Therefore, a management graduate should, in addition to having theoretical knowledge, be prepared to solve real problems in the enterprise.","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124864925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of ESG Investment, How Company and University can Collaborate to Realize It with Local Innovation","authors":"Maurizio Puzzonia","doi":"10.2478/joim-2018-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/joim-2018-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The World Commission on the Environment and Development defines as sustainable development that which can satisfy “the needs of the present without compromising the possibility of future generations to satisfy their own”. The attention to the issues of the environment, of the circular economy, of the ageing of the population is becoming a way to attract the curiosity and then the interest of the consumers with more and more awareness. Socially responsible finance is no longer a niche issue, so investing an ethical model must become a standard for both international and territorial realities. Methodology: The “myth” of low yields would seem debunked, because the companies that introduce Social, Environmental and Governance criteria have an excellent reputation and do not aim to opportunistic gains in the short, but sustainable results in the long run. An undeniable advantage for all the stakeholders and for the planet itself needs to be added; human resources valorization, equal opportunities, efficient exploitation of natural resources and reduction of pollution produced are just some of the positive results deriving from this new business philosophy. For this reason a new obligation on the commitment of the companies regarding the environment is needed, while for all the corporate summits bonuses and compensations must be rethought according to the objectives of environmental and social sustainability. In the past such commitments were considered by large companies as a further cost, and nowadays they are increasingly becoming an opportunity that even the small economic realities on a territorial level cannot afford to lose. Starting a dialogue, not only with the traditional stakeholders (such as customers and suppliers) direct users of the product value, but especially with the territory given the social impacts deriving from the economic activity on people is necessary. In this respect, it would be particularly fruitful, from the point of view of innovation and growth, to create relations with the institution traditionally identified as the depositary of research itself, that is the University. Findings: ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) is an acronym that indicates the commitment of companies to the environment, sociability and respect for diversity. These criteria are destined to become, in the near future, one of the most important factors of business success, of investments discrimination, of orientation for big funds policies and of reputation for entrepreneurs and managers. Environmental and Social criteria relate to the real consumption of limited natural resources by an economic activity, and to what it then returns in terms of goods and services to the reference communities. The term Governance means the way in which an enterprise is managed, the relationships that are set up with the employees and the methods of remuneration for the top management. Thus, the ESG index is potentially able to reveal whether","PeriodicalId":302686,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intercultural Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126145482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}