Tuberculosis Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy and Incremental Yield of the Chest X-Ray in Screening for Tuberculosis in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Joanitah Nalunjogi,&nbsp;Frank Mugabe,&nbsp;Irene Najjingo,&nbsp;Pastan Lusiba,&nbsp;Francis Olweny,&nbsp;Joseph Mubiru,&nbsp;Edward Kayongo,&nbsp;Rogers Sekibira,&nbsp;Achilles Katamba,&nbsp;Bruce Kirenga","doi":"10.1155/2021/6622809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6622809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The WHO END TB strategy requires ≥90% case detection to combat tuberculosis (TB). Increased TB case detection requires a more sensitive and specific screening tool. Currently, the symptoms recommended for screening TB have been found to be suboptimal since up to 44% of individuals with TB are asymptomatic. The chest X-ray (CXR) as a screening tool for pulmonary TB was evaluated in this study, as well as its incremental yield in TB diagnosis using a cross-sectional study involving secondary analysis of data of 4512 consented/assented participants ≥15 years who participated in the Uganda National TB prevalence survey between 2014 and 2015. Participants with a cough ≥2 weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweats screened positive for TB using the symptoms screening method, while participants with a TB defining abnormality on CXR screened positive for TB by the CXR screening method. The Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture was used as a gold standard for TB diagnosis. The CXR had 93% sensitivity and 65% specificity compared to LJ culture results, while symptoms had 76% sensitivity and 31% specificity. The screening algorithm involving the CXR in addition to symptoms led to a 38% increment in the yield of diagnosed tuberculosis. The number needed to screen using the CXR and symptoms screening algorithm was 32 compared to 45 when the symptoms are used alone. Therefore, the CXR in combination with symptoms is a good TB screening tool and increases the yield of diagnosed TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6622809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8004368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25569587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Infection Control in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Sailesh Kumar Shrestha,&nbsp;Ratna Bahadur Bhattarai,&nbsp;Lok Raj Joshi,&nbsp;Nilaramba Adhikari,&nbsp;Suvesh Kumar Shrestha,&nbsp;Rajendra Basnet,&nbsp;Kedar Narsingh K C","doi":"10.1155/2021/6615180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6615180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) transmission is an important problem, particularly in low-income settings. This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practices of DR-TB infection control among the healthcare workers under the National Tuberculosis Control Program in Nepal. In this cross-sectional study, we studied the healthcare workers from all the 11 functioning DR-TB treatment centers across Nepal in March 2018. Through face-to-face interviews, trained data collectors collected data on the characteristics of healthcare workers, their self-reported knowledge, attitude, and practice on DR-TB infection control. We entered the data in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in the R statistical software. We assigned a score of one to the correct response and zero to the incorrect or no response and calculated a composite score in each of the knowledge, attitude, and practice domains. We ascertained the healthcare workers as having good knowledge, appropriate attitude, and optimal practices when the composite score was ≥50%. We summarized the numerical variables with median (interquartile range (IQR)) and the categorical variables with proportions. We ran appropriate correlation tests to identify relationships between knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. We regarded a <i>p</i> value of <0.05 as significant. A total of 95 out of 102 healthcare workers responded. There were 46 male respondents. The median age was 33 years (IQR 26-42). Most of them (53, 55.79%) were midlevel paramedics. We found 91 (95.79%) respondents had good knowledge, 49 (51.58%) had an appropriate attitude, and 35 (36.84%) had optimal practices on DR-TB infection control. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between attitude and practice scores (<i>ρ</i> = 0.37, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). The healthcare workers at the DR-TB treatment centers in Nepal have good knowledge of DR-TB infection control, but it did not translate into an appropriate attitude or optimal practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6615180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7943263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25511693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Interferon-Gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Test for the Screening of Latent Tuberculosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Indian Scenario.","authors":"Alok Kumar Mantri,&nbsp;Priti Meena,&nbsp;Amarender Singh Puri,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar,&nbsp;Sanjeev Sachdeva,&nbsp;Siddharth Srivastava,&nbsp;K Arivarasan,&nbsp;Shivakumar Varakanahali","doi":"10.1155/2021/6682840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In a country like India, where the prevalence of tuberculosis is very high, the role of screening tools for detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) like TST and IGRA is still unclear, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our study is aimed at comparing the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST) to determine the prevalence of LTBI in IBD patients in the Indian subset of the population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was a prospective observational analysis. A total of 257 participants were included in the study. Both TST and IGRA were performed in consecutive patients diagnosed with IBD (131 patients) and in 126 healthy individuals. Both tests were performed on the same day. LTBI diagnosis was considered if any one of TST or IGRA was found to be positive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 131 IBD patients, 121 patients had ulcerative colitis and 10 patients had Crohn's disease. 29% of the IBD patients and 22% of the control subjects had LTBI. The study demonstrated concordance between TST and IGRA. Agreement test kappa value for IBD patients was 0.656 (CI 0.50-0.81), with a <i>p</i> value of <0.001, suggestive of a fair agreement. Mean IFN-<i>γ</i> release was lower in the immunosuppressed group as compared to non-immunosuppressed individuals (0.26 ± 0.17 vs. 0.45 ± 0.07, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Cohen's kappa coefficient values in IBD cases and control subjects were 0.66 and 0.79, respectively. TST was found to be negatively correlated to BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Agreement between TST and IGRA was fair in IBD patients. For LTBI screening in IBD patients, TST and IGRA are complementary methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6682840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7857923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25360458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Determinants of Tuberculosis-Associated Stigma in Rural and Urban Communities of Lagos State, Nigeria.","authors":"David A Oladele,&nbsp;Mobolanle R Balogun,&nbsp;Kofoworola Odeyemi,&nbsp;Babatunde L Salako","doi":"10.1155/2020/1964759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1964759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health concern in Nigeria. TB-associated stigma could lead to delayed diagnosis and care, treatment default, and multidrug resistance. Understanding of TB-associated stigma is therefore important for TB control. The study is aimed at determining and comparing the knowledge, attitude, and determinants of TB-associated stigma. <i>Methodology</i>. This was a comparative cross-sectional study among adults in urban and rural areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. Respondents were selected through a multistage sampling technique and interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire, which contained the Explanatory Model Interviewed Catalogue (EMIC) stigma scale. IBM SPSS Statistics Software package version 20 was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 790 respondents were interviewed. High proportions of respondents in rural and urban areas were aware of TB (97.5% and 99.2%, respectively). Respondents in the urban areas had overall better knowledge of TB compared to the rural areas (59.4% vs. 23%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), while respondents in the rural areas had a better attitude to TB (60.5% vs. 49.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.002). The majority of respondents in rural and urban areas had TB-associated stigma (93% and 95.7%, respectively). The mean stigma score was higher in the urban compared to rural areas (17.43 ± 6.012 and 16.54 ± 6.324, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.046). Marital status and ethnicity were the predictors of TB-associated stigma in the rural communities (AOR-0.257; CI-0.086-0.761; <i>p</i> = 0.014 and AOR-3.09; CI-1.087-8.812; <i>p</i> = 0.034, respectively), while average monthly income and age of respondents were the predictors of TB-associated stigma in urban areas (AOR-0.274; CI-0.009-0.807; <i>p</i> = 0.019 and AOR-0.212; CI-0.057-0.788; <i>p</i> = 0.021, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TB-associated stigma is prevalent in both rural and urban areas in this study. There is therefore a need to disseminate health appropriate information through the involvement of the community. Also, innovative stigma reduction activities are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1964759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1964759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38735034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion Transport Modulators as Antimycobacterial Agents.","authors":"Steven C Mitini-Nkhoma,&nbsp;Narmada Fernando,&nbsp;G K D Ishaka,&nbsp;Shiroma M Handunnetti,&nbsp;Sisira L Pathirana","doi":"10.1155/2020/3767915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3767915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an urgent need for better and safer therapeutic interventions for tuberculosis (TB). We assessed the effects of FDA-approved ion transport modulators, namely, ambroxol HCl, amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), metformin, omeprazole, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, and drug X and Y on the growth of free and intracellular <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG. Free and intracellular <i>M. bovis</i> BCG were cultured in the presence or absence of the test drugs for 3 to 9 days and then quantified. For both free and intracellular bacteria, cultures that were exposed to furosemide, phenytoin, or drug Y yielded lower bacteria counts compared to drug-free controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The same was observed with diazoxide, HCTZ, verapamil, and drug X, but only for intracellular <i>M. bovis</i> BCG (<i>p</i> < 0.05). To assess the effects of the drugs on bactericidal activity of rifampicin, free and intracellular <i>M. bovis</i> BCG were treated with rifampicin alone or in combination with each of the thirteen test drugs for 3 to 9 days. For extracellular bacteria, higher bacteria clearance rates were observed in cultures exposed to rifampicin in combination with amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, HCTZ, metformin, pantoprazole, phenytoin, drug X, or drug Y than those exposed to rifampicin alone, indicating that rifampicin had a synergistic effect with these test drugs. Rifampicin was also synergistic with ambroxol HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, HCTZ, omeprazole, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, and drug X against intracellular <i>M. bovis</i> BCG. The antimycobacterial properties exhibited by the ion transport modulators in this study make them viable candidates as adjuncts to the current anti-TB regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3767915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3767915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38352152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delay for Tuberculosis Treatment and Its Predictors among Adult Tuberculosis Patients at Debremarkos Town Public Health Facilities, North West Ethiopia.","authors":"Yibeltal Estemech Ayalew,&nbsp;Fikadu Ambaw Yehualashet,&nbsp;Worknesh Akanaw Bogale,&nbsp;Mengistu Berhanu Gobeza","doi":"10.1155/2020/1901890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1901890","url":null,"abstract":"Background Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis exacerbates the disease and clinical outcomes. It further enhances transmission of the infection in the society as well as increased the severity of the illness and raised rate of mortality. Objectives The major goal of this study is to determine the magnitude of delays in tuberculosis treatment and factors affecting tuberculosis treatment among adult tuberculosis patients at Debremarkos town, North West Ethiopia, 2018. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Systematically selected 300 adult TB patients were recruited to the study. The study was conducted at Debremarkos town public health facilities from March 1 to April 30, 2018. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the predicting variables and control confounder's of the outcome variables. P value ≤ 0.05 with 95% CI was considered as an indicator for the presence of statistically significant association. The result revealed that the median total delay was 23 days (IQR: 19-28 days). The median patient and health system delays were 20 days (IQR: 15-20 days) and 4 days (IQR: 3-5 days), respectively. Tuberculosis patients living in a rural area were 1.14 times more likely to delay for the TB treatment (AOR: 1.141, 95% CI (1.106, 2.608)). Patients who were unable to read and write have almost two times a chance of being delayed (AOR: 2.350, 95% CI (1.630, 2.608)). Monthly income of patients has found another predictor for delay; patients with low monthly income were about six times more likely to delay for TB treatment (AOR: 6.375, 95% CI: (1.733, 23.440)). Those TB patients who had visiting traditional healers before arrival to health facilities were about 2.7 times more likely to delay for TB treatment(AOR: 2.795, 95% CI (1.898, 8.693)). Conclusion and Recommendation. The significant proportion of delays in tuberculosis treatment was found in this study. Living in the rural area, unable to read and write, lower monthly income, and visiting traditional healers were found independent predictors of TB treatment delay. The regional and zonal health administrator shall design various awareness creation mechanisms to educate the public about timely initiation of tuberculosis treatment.","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1901890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1901890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38453474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Adverse TB Treatment Outcome among TB/HIV Patients Compared with Non-HIV Patients in the Greater Accra Regional Hospital from 2008 to 2016.","authors":"Kenneth Mawuta Hayibor, Delia Akosua Bandoh, Adwoa Asante-Poku, Ernest Kenu","doi":"10.1155/2020/1097581","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/1097581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The convergence of TB and HIV dual epidemics is a major public health challenge in Ghana as well as many developing countries. Treatment outcome monitoring is a vital part of the surveillance needed to successfully eliminate TB. The impact of HIV status and demographic and treatment-related factors on adverse TB treatment outcome has not been studied in the Greater Accra Regional Hospital. This study determined factors associated with TB treatment outcome in patients with TB-HIV coinfection and TB-only infection in the hospital.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Greater Accra Regional Hospital. We reviewed TB treatment cards of patients who received treatment for tuberculosis in the hospital from 2008 to 2016. Data on treatment outcome and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were extracted on TB-only-infected and TB/HIV-coinfected patients. The chi-squared test and binary and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with adverse treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 758 patient records analyzed, 174 (22.9%) were TB-HIV-coinfected patients. Overall treatment success for all TB patients was 88.1% (668/758). About 11.9% (90/758) of the patients had an adverse treatment outcome, including treatment failure 0.9% (7/758), defaulting 0.9% (7/758), and death 10.0% (76/758). TB-HIV-coinfected patients' treatment success was 78.1% (136/174). TB-only patients' treatment success was 91.4% (532/582). Independent predictors of adverse treatment outcome were found to be as follows: being HIV positive (aOR: 3.85, 95% CI: 2.19-6.75; <i>p</i> < 0.01); aged 65 and above (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.44-1.54; <i>p</i> = 0.01); and previously failed TB treatment (aOR: 5.02, 95% CI: 2.09-28.87; <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment outcome for TB-HIV-coinfected patients is below the WHO target. HIV status, age, and category of patient of the TB patients were associated with adverse treatment outcome. Strengthening the TB/HIV collaborative efforts by stakeholders is required for good treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1097581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7424490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38300681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Case Finding Cascade and Treatment Outcomes among Male Inmates in Two Prisons in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Alois Mandizvidza,&nbsp;Riitta A Dlodlo,&nbsp;Palanivel Chinnakali,&nbsp;Hamufare Dumisani Mugauri,&nbsp;Freeman Dube,&nbsp;Evidence Gaka,&nbsp;Joseph Nembaware,&nbsp;Shepherd Nyambi,&nbsp;Blessing Masunungure,&nbsp;Davison Garauzive","doi":"10.1155/2020/5829471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5829471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Design: </strong>A cohort study using programmatic data was undertaken to assess TB diagnostic cascade in one of the study prisons for 2018. Treatment outcomes among male inmates with TB were assessed over a period of four years, in two study prisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 405 (11%) inmates with presumptive TB were identified, and 370 (91%) of these were evaluated for TB, mostly using rapid molecular testing of sputum specimens. Twenty-five inmates were diagnosed with TB resulting in a prevalence of 649/100,000 population. Of these, 16 (64%) were started on treatment. Nine (36%) were lost to follow-up before treatment initiation. From 2015 to 2018, 280 adult male inmates with TB were started on treatment. Of these, 212 (76%) had pulmonary disease that was bacteriologically confirmed. Almost all (276/280, 99%) had known HIV status, 65% were HIV-infected, and 80% of these were on antiretroviral treatment. The TB treatment success rate (cured or treatment completed) was recorded for 209 (75%) inmates, whilst 14 (5%) died and 11 (4%) were lost to follow-up. The frequency of unfavourable treatment outcomes (death, lost to follow-up, and not evaluated) was higher (54%) among inmates ≥ 60 years than those in the age group of 45-59 years (17%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings revealed a threefold burden of TB in prisons, compared with what is reported by national survey. To decrease transmission of TB bacilli, it is essential to promote efforts that address missed opportunities in the TB diagnostic cascade, prompt treatment initiation, and ensure that tracking and documentation of treatment outcomes for all inmates are intensified.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5829471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5829471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38178371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Tuberculosis Patients in Direct Observation Therapy Program towards Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Firew Tadesse Kusheno,&nbsp;Teklehaimanot Mezgebe Nguse,&nbsp;Gebremedhin Beedemariam Gebretekle","doi":"10.1155/2020/6475286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6475286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is becoming a major challenge of tuberculosis (TB) control program globally but more serious in developing countries like Ethiopia. In 2013, a survey result showed that in Ethiopia, tuberculosis patients from new cases and retreatment cases had resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin with a significant increase over time. Inadequate knowledge and wrong perception about MDR-TB by patients were detrimental to TB control programs. The study aimed at assessing the knowledge and attitude of TB patients of direct observation therapy program towards multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in health centres of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 health centres of Addis Ababa which were selected by simple random sampling technique. A total of 422 TB patients were included in the study, and participants from each health centres were taken proportional to the number of clients in each health centres. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Association between outcome and independent variables was explored using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of knowledge of TB patients about MDR-TB was poor and only 55.0% of TB patients attained good overall knowledge. A significant association was found between good knowledge and attending tertiary level of education (AOR = 4.3, 95%CI = 1.9, 9.8), gender (AOR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.1, 2.4), income of respondents' family (OR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.2, 0.9), and sleeping practice (AOR = 8.0, 95%CI = 4.0, 15.7). Nearly three-fourths (73.5%) of TB patients had a favourable attitude towards MDR-TB. Occupational status (AOR = 4.4, 95%CI = 2.5, 7.6) and sleeping practices (AOR = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.2, 5.0) were significantly associated with the attitude of the TB patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge of TB patients toward MDR-TB was poor. Although a large proportion of patients had a favourable attitude, it still needs to be improved. Hence, efforts should be made to implementing health education to improve awareness of TB patients about MDR-TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6475286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6475286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38073454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact Screening and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Initiation for Under-Five Children among Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Positive Patients in Bahir Dar Special Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Netsanet Fentahun,&nbsp;Yosef Wasihun,&nbsp;Abebe Mamo,&nbsp;Lakew Abebe Gebretsadik","doi":"10.1155/2020/6734675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6734675","url":null,"abstract":"Background Children are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and about 70% of children living in the same households with pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients will become infected. However, pulmonary positive tuberculosis is a common phenomenon and the implementation of the recommended contact screening and initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy is very low. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing contact screening practice and initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy of under-five children among pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2016. A total of 267 pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients were included in this study. To identify independent predictors of contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses using SPSS version 20 with CI of 95% at p value < 0.05. Results A total of 230 (90.2%) pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients had single contacts with their under-five children. One hundred nine (64.8%) children were screened. From those screened, 11 (7.4%) developed tuberculosis disease and started antituberculosis treatment. Forty-four (31.9%) children started isoniazid preventive therapy. Sex of the participants, place of service delivery, relationship with contacts, HIV status, and attitude of PTB+ cases were significant predictors of contact screening (p < .05). Participant's knowledge, attitude of participants, and relationship of the child with participant were significant predictors of isoniazid preventive therapy initiation (p < 0.05). Conclusion Contact screening practice and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation of children under the age of 5 in Bahir Dar zone were very low. Intimate family contact with pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients, place of service delivery, and attitude towards screening are the key factors of contact screening. Participant's knowledge, attitude of participants, and relationship of the child with participant are the key factors of isoniazid preventive therapy initiation. Therefore, household contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation should be paid attention to reduce transmission.","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6734675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6734675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38073455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}