{"title":"The Importance of Predictor Variables and Feature Selection in Day-ahead Electricity Price Forecasting","authors":"Lennard Visser, T. Alskaif, W. V. van Sark","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203273","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity spot market prices are increasingly affected by an expanding amount of renewables and a growing number of market participants. In an attempt to improve forecasting accuracy, this paper evaluates the importance of 62 predictor variables to forecast the the day-ahead electricity price. These variables describe the electricity price, load, generation and weather at different times in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. In this study we assess the performance of four machine learning models that forecast the electricity price. Next, we rank the variables according to their importance and identify to what extent different estimators and feature selection methods affect the performance of the forecasting models. We found that Random Forest regression is the best performing model regardless of the number of features selected and the feature selection method applied. Secondly, the performance of all models was not found to improve significantly after the selection of the top 15 ranked variables. Interestingly the top ranked variables differ significantly per selection method. Moreover, the feature selection methods based on Multi-variate Linear Regression and linear kernel Support Vector Machine were found to give the best performance for all models.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114903276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Clustering Framework for Residential Electric Demand Profiles","authors":"Mayank Jain, T. Alskaif, Soumyabrata Dev","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203534","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of residential electric demand profiles data, enabled by the large-scale deployment of smart metering infrastructure, has made it possible to perform more accurate analysis of electricity consumption patterns. This paper analyses the electric demand profiles of individual households located in the city Amsterdam, the Netherlands. A comprehensive clustering framework is defined to classify households based on their electricity consumption pattern. This framework consists of two main steps, namely a dimensionality reduction step of input electricity consumption data, followed by an unsupervised clustering algorithm of the reduced subspace. While any algorithm, which has been used in the literature for the aforementioned clustering task, can be used for the corresponding step, the more important question is to deduce which particular combination of algorithms is the best for a given dataset and a clustering task. This question is addressed in this paper by proposing a novel objective validation strategy, whose recommendations are then cross-verified by performing subjective validation.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121889553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying Neural Networks to Large-Scale Distribution System Analysis: an Empirical Computational Perspective","authors":"S. Doumen, R. Bernards, J. Morren, N. Paterakis","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203347","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that Neural Networks (NNs) are capable of accurate and quick low voltage (LV) grid analysis. Therefore, NNs could be a viable method for the middle long-term scenario tool (MLT), a tool created and used by Enexis, one of the major distribution system operator (DSO) in the Netherlands, to analyze future scenarios of LV grids. However, the tool analyzes a substantial amount of LV grids, and each would require a NN. This amount of NNs necessitates a single network architecture and training method for all NNs, which can be achieved by knowing hyperparameters beforehand, since determining hyperparameters is computationally costly. This paper estimates how long it would take to train a substantial amount of NNs, determines if hyperparameters are shareable between NNs of similar-sized LV grids and if hyperparameters are predictable based on LV grid sizes. The results of hyper-parameter sharing show comparable performance between NNs, however, differences start to occur for larger LV grids. Predicting hyperparameters based on LV grid size gives an unsatisfactory performance.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130656033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online Energy Management of Electric Vehicle Parking-Lots","authors":"Arman Alahyari, David Pozo, Mohammad Ali Sadri","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203421","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EV) charging scheduling in parking lots has been a hot topic in recent years. Instead of simply starting the charging process with the entrance of the EVs, a parking lot operator can decrease the cost of buying electricity in real-time, when prices are low. However, this decision-making process involves randomness in both price and EVs behavior (arrival and departure times). In this study, we introduce a supervised machine learning framework using a multi-layer perceptron regression that can train an online estimator to help the operator with the aforementioned process. This online estimator uses a small set of historical data and provides values of the amount of energy that should be bought by the operator. We use this method in the online management of EVs within parking-lots and evaluate the performance with a real-world EVs’ charging data.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123372455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inês F. G. Reis, I. Gonçalves, M. Lopes, C. Henggeler Antunes
{"title":"A study of the inclusion of vulnerable consumers in energy communities with peer-to-peer exchanges","authors":"Inês F. G. Reis, I. Gonçalves, M. Lopes, C. Henggeler Antunes","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203312","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of energy communities is expected to reshape the design of the electricity system at the same time as peer-to-peer (P2P) trading is transforming the traditional utilities business models. In this setting, this work proposes a multiagent framework endowed with optimization tools to model P2P electricity trading within an energy community. Emphasis is given to the inclusion of vulnerable consumers and the economic outcomes of P2P transactions for community members, while fairness concerns are considered in the distribution of the existing energy resources.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Long Term Hydropower Production Scheduling","authors":"S. Riemer-Sørensen, G. Rosenlund","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203208","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the use of deep reinforcement learning to provide strategies for long term scheduling of hydropower production. We consider a use-case where the aim is to optimise the yearly revenue given week-by-week inflows to the reservoir and electricity prices. The challenge is to decide between immediate water release at the spot price of electricity and storing the water for later power production at an unknown price, given constraints on the system. We successfully train a soft actor-critic algorithm on a simplified scenario with historical data from the Nordic power market. The presented model is not ready to substitute traditional optimisation tools but demonstrates the complementary potential of reinforcement learning in the data-rich field of hydropower scheduling.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127661905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benedikt Klaer, O. Sen, D. Velde, I. Hacker, Michael Andres, Martin Henze
{"title":"Graph-based Model of Smart Grid Architectures","authors":"Benedikt Klaer, O. Sen, D. Velde, I. Hacker, Michael Andres, Martin Henze","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203113","url":null,"abstract":"The rising use of information and communication technology in smart grids likewise increases the risk of failures that endanger the security of power supply, e.g., due to errors in the communication configuration, faulty control algorithms, or cyber-attacks. Co-simulations can be used to investigate such effects, but require precise modeling of the energy, communication, and information domain within an integrated smart grid infrastructure model. Given the complexity and lack of detailed publicly available communication network models for smart grid scenarios, there is a need for an automated and systematic approach to creating such coupled models. In this paper, we present an approach to automatically generate smart grid infrastructure models based on an arbitrary electrical distribution grid model using a generic architectural template. We demonstrate the applicability and unique features of our approach alongside examples concerning network planning, co-simulation setup, and specification of domain-specific intrusion detection systems.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115693400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Aggregated Demand-side Flexibility of Small Consumers","authors":"Vahid Rasouli, Á. Gomes, C. H. Antunes","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203476","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for the characterization of demand-side flexibility of a group of small consumers. The day-ahead time-differentiated price tariffs are considered as the base energy cost to be sent to the consumers by the energy supplier with whom they have a contract. The aggregator, as a third-party agent responsible for the aggregation of demand-side flexibility, defines an hourly reward to motivate consumers to participate in the provision of flexibility by reshaping their consumption. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed including the physically based behavior of demand-side resources consisting of shiftable loads, interruptible loads, thermostatically controlled loads, local generation, battery storage systems and electric vehicles. Each consumer is equipped with a home energy management system that performs the management of end-use loads according to consumer's preferences and restrictions, energy prices and any rewards that may exist. In this study, the potential of consumers to provide flexibility and their response to different reward signals are investigated considering different characteristics of the available energy resources, including load profiles and comfort preferences. Different reward values are defined to assess their impact on the amount of flexibility at the consumer and aggregator levels. Numerical results show the potential of different types of consumers to participate in demand response programs differ as their responsiveness to the rewards is not identical.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122022840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sliding Mode Control of a Switched Reluctance Motor Drive with Four-Switch Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter for Torque Ripple Minimization","authors":"Ertugrul Ates, B. Tekgun, G. Ablay","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203523","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a method to drive switched reluctance motors (SRM) with a modular four-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter and an H-bridge is proposed. The DC-DC converter operates as a buck or a boost converter with constant frequency to control each phase current while the H-bridge inverter switches only twice in a period to adjust the polarity of the phase voltage. Sliding mode control is designed to have fast and robust current control in the DC-DC converter. The sliding surface equation which is derived for all operation modes including buck and boost modes in motoring and regenerating conditions is defined with the estimated inductor current. The proposed drive system eliminates the bulk DC-capacitors and allows one to adjust the bus voltage individually for all phases. Moreover, the proposed system topology works with only one high-frequency switching device in the DC-DC conversion stage rather than two in conventional drives which provides a simpler current control and reduced switching losses.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128634727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Torfinn Skarvatun Tyvold, Bendik Nybakk Torsæter, C. Andresen, Volker Hoffmann
{"title":"Impact of the Temporal Distribution of Faults on Prediction of Voltage Anomalies in the Power Grid","authors":"Torfinn Skarvatun Tyvold, Bendik Nybakk Torsæter, C. Andresen, Volker Hoffmann","doi":"10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEST48500.2020.9203569","url":null,"abstract":"Is it possible to reliably predict voltage anomalies in the power grid minutes in advance using machine learning models trained on large quantities of historical data collected by power quality analysers (PQA)? Very little previous research has been done on this topic. To investigate whether this is possible a machine learning model was developed that attempts to predict voltage anomalies 10 minutes in advance based on the presence of early warning signs in the preceding 50 minutes. The model was trained on voltage data collected from 49 measuring locations in the Norwegian power grid. Although results were inconclusive, it was observed that the time that has passed since the previous fault at the same location is a major factor to consider when estimating the probability that a new fault is imminent. It was observed that the probability that a new fault is imminent is proportional to the logarithm of the time passed since the previous anomaly. This means that the risk of a new anomaly is drastically reduced as more time passes since the previous anomaly. This is important to take into consideration when attempting to develop a model that estimates the probability that a new fault is imminent.","PeriodicalId":302157,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130151229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}