Telecom Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3040031

Laura Seiffert, Jana Sczodrok, Javad Ghofrani, Katrin Wieczorek

{"title":"Remote Technologies as Common Practice in Industrial Maintenance: What Do Experts Say?","authors":"Laura Seiffert, Jana Sczodrok, Javad Ghofrani, Katrin Wieczorek","doi":"10.3390/telecom3040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3040031","url":null,"abstract":"Remote solutions open up new possibilities for collaboration and communication to solve maintenance tasks efficiently. Currently, there are no concepts to efficiently determine the suitability of such remote technologies for specific production facilities. It is therefore even more important to include current practical experience with remote technologies in industrial maintenance in the development of these concepts. In this way, the specific requirements and needs of the companies can be taken into account. In order to get an updated practical impression of the use of remote maintenance technology in the field of industrial maintenance, an explorative interview study was conducted. The aim of this study is to collect detailed examples from practice in order to be able to set up a model (category system) oriented towards practical focal points. Based on this, targeted representative surveys or practice-oriented experimental designs can be developed better. For this reason, ten interviews were conducted with maintenance experts from the business community. The results show that remote technologies have not yet fully established themselves in business practice. The main problem is the implementation of suitable framework conditions in order to be able to use remote technologies extensively.","PeriodicalId":301561,"journal":{"name":"Telecom","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126315183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial Pattern Simulation of Antenna Base Station Positions Using Point Process Techniques 基于点处理技术的天线基站位置空间方向图仿真

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030030

S. Zimeras

引用次数: 0

Multiple-Parallel Morphological Anti-Aliasing Algorithm Implemented in FPGA 多并行形态抗混叠算法的FPGA实现

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030029

Dihan Ai, Junjie Xue, Mingjiang Wang

{"title":"Multiple-Parallel Morphological Anti-Aliasing Algorithm Implemented in FPGA","authors":"Dihan Ai, Junjie Xue, Mingjiang Wang","doi":"10.3390/telecom3030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030029","url":null,"abstract":"During 3D rendering by GPU, jagged patterns will appear at the edge of the image due to the lack of sampling points. To increase the continuity of the image, we use an anti-aliasing technique to process these jagged patterns. In this paper, we review the current anti-aliasing techniques and propose a multi-parallel anti-aliasing algorithm based on Morphological Anti-Aliasing (MLAA). Through an experiment and a comparison of the results, we find that our algorithm achieves better anti-aliasing performance at the edge of the image than Multiple Sampling Anti-Aliasing (MSAA) and MLAA by setting more color gradients. Moreover, our algorithm consumes much less time than MLAA in FPGA implementation by performing edge detection of the image, classification of the aliasing patterns, acquisition of the blend weight coefficients, and calculation of the anti-aliased color in three channels of the image simultaneously. In addition, our algorithm also consumes much less memory than MLAA in FPGA implementation by scaling and optimizing the area texture used by MLAA. A comparison of related works indicates that it is more favorable for the proposed algorithm to perform the anti-aliasing of the image than MSAA and MLAA.","PeriodicalId":301561,"journal":{"name":"Telecom","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128408846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Green Areas: The Secret of the Happiness of the People of Madrid 绿色区域:马德里人民幸福的秘密

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030028

Diego de Vega, Óscar Araque, C. Iglesias

引用次数: 1

Outage Probability versus Carrier Frequency in GeoSurf Satellite Constellations with Radio-Links Faded by Rain 雨消无线电链路的GeoSurf卫星星座的中断概率与载波频率的关系

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030027

E. Matricciani, C. Riva

引用次数: 1

Utility of Designing Intelligent Algorithms to Streamline E-Commerce Operations and Construction Costs Estimates by Applying Principles of Sharing Economy: Coestim 应用共享经济原理设计智能算法简化电子商务运营和建设成本估算的效用:Coestim

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030026

Adrian Sfichi, Narcisa Sfichi, Marian Bădeliță, Mihai Medrihan, Eduard Zadobrischi

引用次数: 1

OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks 基于多芯光纤的频谱空间柔性光网络osnr感知建模与优化

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030025

M. Klinkowski, M. Jaworski

{"title":"OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks","authors":"M. Klinkowski, M. Jaworski","doi":"10.3390/telecom3030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030025","url":null,"abstract":"We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF.","PeriodicalId":301561,"journal":{"name":"Telecom","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127263847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Antenna Selection Based on Matching Theory for Uplink Cell-Free Millimetre Wave Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems 基于匹配理论的上行无小区毫米波海量多输入多输出系统天线选择

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030024

Abdulrahman Al Ayidh, Y. Sambo, S. Olaosebikan, Shuja Ansari, M. Imran

{"title":"Antenna Selection Based on Matching Theory for Uplink Cell-Free Millimetre Wave Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems","authors":"Abdulrahman Al Ayidh, Y. Sambo, S. Olaosebikan, Shuja Ansari, M. Imran","doi":"10.3390/telecom3030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030024","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a hybrid beamforming architecture with constant phase shifters (CPSs) for uplink cell-free millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems based on exploiting antenna selection to reduce power consumption. However, current antenna selection techniques are applied for conventional massive MIMO, not cell-free massive MIMO systems. Therefore, the enormous computational complexity of these techniques to optimally select antennas for cell-free massive MIMO networks is caused by numerous randomly distributed access points (APs) in the service area and their large antennas. The architecture proposed in this work solves this issue by employing a low-complexity matching technique to obtain the optimal number of antennas, chosen based on channel magnitude and by switching off antennas that contribute more to interference power than to desired signal power for each radio frequency (RF) chain at each AP, instead of assuming all RF chains at each AP have the same number of selected antennas. Therefore, an assignment optimization problem based on a bipartite graph is formulated for cell-free mm-Wave massive MIMO system uplinks. Then, the Hungarian method is proposed to solve this problem due to its ability to solve this assignment problem in a polynomial time. Simulated results show that, despite several APs and antennas, the proposed matching approach is more energy-efficient and has lower computational complexity than state-of-the-art schemes.","PeriodicalId":301561,"journal":{"name":"Telecom","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115896290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fractional Frequency Reuse Optimal SINR Threshold Selection Using NIR and ISODATA 基于近红外和ISODATA的分数频率复用SINR阈值优选

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030023

P. Kihato, S. Musyoki, A. Onim

{"title":"Fractional Frequency Reuse Optimal SINR Threshold Selection Using NIR and ISODATA","authors":"P. Kihato, S. Musyoki, A. Onim","doi":"10.3390/telecom3030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030023","url":null,"abstract":"A vital part of cellular network evolution has been long-term evolution networks. In these networks, it is important to mitigate inter-cell interference. Fractional frequency re-use has been proposed to address this. The method involves the division of cells into two regions based on a signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio threshold value. The inner region adopts a frequency re-use of one (1), while the outer region uses a higher frequency re-use factor. Setting the threshold value is a critical problem addressed in this paper. The proposed approach adapts techniques used in image processing called global-thresholding techniques. The approaches considered are iterative self-organizing data analysis and native integral ratio. Mobile stations in a cell continuously report their signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio values to the base station. These reported values are used to determine a threshold which dictates which subscribers fall in the inner and outer regions. The threshold value is periodically updated based on the new reported values over time. Simulations are used to assess the performance using throughput and fairness metrics. By setting the threshold optimally, better throughputs and fairness are then achieved. We concluded that native integral ratio marginally outperformed the iterative self-organizing data analysis method, and it significantly outperformed static fractional frequency reuse techniques.","PeriodicalId":301561,"journal":{"name":"Telecom","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127417185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Node-Based QoS-Aware Security Framework for Sinkhole Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks 基于节点的移动Ad-Hoc网络天坑攻击qos感知安全框架

Telecom Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.3390/telecom3030022

B. M. Esiefarienrhe, Thulani Phakathi, Francis Lugayizi

{"title":"Node-Based QoS-Aware Security Framework for Sinkhole Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks","authors":"B. M. Esiefarienrhe, Thulani Phakathi, Francis Lugayizi","doi":"10.3390/telecom3030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030022","url":null,"abstract":"Most networks strive to provide good security and an acceptable level of performance. Quality of service (QoS) plays an important role in the performance of a network. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a decentralized and self-configuring type of wireless network. MANETs are generally challenging and the provision of security and QoS becomes a huge challenge. Many researchers in literature have proposed parallel mechanisms that investigate either security or QoS. This paper presents a security framework that is QoS-aware in MANETs using a network protocol called optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR). Security and QoS targets may not necessarily be similar but this framework seeks to bridge the gap for the provision of an optimal functioning MANET. The framework is evaluated for throughput, jitter, and delay against a sinkhole attack presented in the network. The contributions of this paper are (a) implementation of a sinkhole attack using OLSR, (b) the design and implementation of a lightweight-intrusion detection system using OLSR, and (c) a framework that removes fake routes and bandwidth optimization. The simulation results revealed that the QoS-aware framework increased the performance of the network by more than 70% efficiency in terms of network throughput. Delay and jitter levels were reduced by close to 85% as compared to when the network was under attack.","PeriodicalId":301561,"journal":{"name":"Telecom","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131031429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

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